Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Observation: IPU defines democracy as:
"AN IDEAL AND A SET OF INSTITUTIONS AND PRACTICES." Www.ipu.org. Inter-Parliamentary Union, no date. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. http://www.ipu.org/dem-e/idd/about-dem.htm./ZZWC

The word, democracy...over the world today.

John Rawls explains why pluralism is inevitable:
John Rawls.  Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Print. 2001. Pg 35./ZZWC

The evidence—empirical...make an assessment

V: Justice
To meet democratic constraints, Justice as Fairness focuses only on providing the political framework necessary to facilitate pluralism
Rawls 2: John Rawls.  Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Print. 2001. Pg 54./ZZWC

By contrast, as...justice are in force

S: Equal Representation
Rawls 3 explains that equal representation is necessary because John Rawls.  Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. 2001.Pg 40./ZZWC

Political power is...of state power

Equal representation makes the best democracy since it ensures everyone has a chance to create change in the government. Buhlmann
(Marc Bühlmanna, Wolfgang Merkelb, Lisa Müllerc and Bernhard Weßels, published in the fields of participation behaviour, methods, social capital, democratic theory, and comparative politics, director of the research unit ‘Democracy: Structures, Performance, Challenges’ at the Social Science Research Center Berlin, doctoral student of political science at the University of Zurich, Senior Researcher at the Social Science Research Center Berlin , The Democracy Barometer: A New Instrument to Measure the Quality of Democracy and its Potential for Comparative Research, European Political Science, 12-16-2011)/ZZWC

Equality, particularly political...reach this goal.

Contention 1: Compulsive voting leads to equal representation. 

A) Current voting laws exclude minorities. Badham
Badham, Van. "Of Course Compulsory Voting Is a Good Thing." The Guardian. N.p., 20 Aug. 2013. Web. 06 Sept. 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/21/compulsory-voting-good.//ZZ-WCHS

While voting remains ...place is not ensured

Flatow further quantifies restrictions on minority votes in Florida.
Flatow, Nicole. "Long Voting Lines Drove Away At Least 201K Florida Voters, Study Finds." Www.thinkprogress.org. ThinkProgress RSS, 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 06 Sept. 2013. http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/01/23/1486311/long-voting-lines-drove-away-at-least-201k-florida-voters-study-finds/.//ZZ-WCHS

Voting lines of...open at 10 p.m.

B) Compulsory voting is the only way to ensure equal representation. 

Contention 2: Income Inequality
A) Volunteer voting is biased toward the wealthy. Chong and Olivera
Chong, Alberto, (Inter-American Development Bank) and Mauricio Olivera. (Professor at George Mason University) "On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries." Papers.ssrn.com. Social Science Research Network, 25 Apr. 2011. Web. 06 Sept. 2013. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1818733.May 2005ZZ-WCHS

Political participation...typical (Powell, 1986).

And, poorer citizens are less likely to vote when voting is voluntary for logistical reasons. Carey and Horiuchi
(John M. Carey and Yusaku Horiuchi, Professor in the Social Sciences at Dartmouth, Associate Professor and Mitsui Chair in the Study of Japan, Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality, Prepared for presentation in a seminar on Latin American Politics in the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University and a seminar in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, http://sites.dartmouth.edu/jcarey/files/2013/04/HoriuchiCarey201304221.pdf, 4-22-2013)

The first assumption...than the rich.

B) When the poor aren’t represented, policies aren’t implemented to help them. Chong and Olivera 2
Chong, Alberto, (Inter-American Development Bank) and Mauricio Olivera. (Professor at George Mason University) "On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries." Papers.ssrn.com. Social Science Research Network, 25 Apr. 2011. Web. 06 Sept. 2013. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1818733.May 2005ZZ-WCHS

In general...income distribution.

And, unequal representation leads poor and minority groups into a vicious cycle where their conditions get worse and they don’t get political attention. Public Reason
Public Reason, “Is Compulsory Voting Justified?”, Political Theory Seminar Programme, http://www.alever.net/DOCS/Is20Compulsory20Voting20Justified.pdf ,September 2008)ZZ-WCHS

The fact that...or public policies.

C) This allowance of poverty causes more deaths than nuke war every 15 years, the government is directly responsible. Gilligan
Gilligan, James. Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic. New York: Vintage, 1997. Print. (Pg. 192)ZZ-WCHS

By "structural violence...throughout the world.

D) Compulsive voting improves social equality and allows lower classes to vote. Rogers.
Rogers, Ben. "Turnout Is Really about Class." The Guardian. N.p., 13 May 2005. Web. 23 Aug. 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/may/14/election2005.constitution. Ben Rogers is an Associate Fellow of the Institute for Public Policy Research and Demos. He has worked as a policy strategist for the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit and Department for Communities and Local Government. He is the author of several acclaimed books including A J Ayer, A Life and Beef and Liberty. ZZ-WCHS                

That the rich vote...liberty is negligible.