Tournament: GreenhillGreenhill RR | Round: 9 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
A. Interpretation: the affirmative can choose the framework for evaluating impacts if position has been disclosed on the NDCA wiki and there’s neg turn ground. 

Prefer:
Research
Jeffrey Parcher ‘98, Georgetown University “The Value of Debate: ¶ ¶ Adapted from the Report of the Philodemic Debate Society”, 1998 AG
All of the debaters interviewed... ¶ Debate Tournament (Lennon).

Phil edu. bad
The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Richard A. Posner Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; University of Chicago Law School., Harvard Law Review, Vol. 111, No. 7 (May, 1998), pp. 1637-1717
Such overgeneralization is inevitable;...contemporary moral questions.

Prevents Judge Intervention 

Time Frame 

Structural Skews

Tournament: The Srikar Pyda Invitational | Round: Quads | Opponent: Srikar Pyda | Judge: Srikar Pyda
I might be reading positions already disclosed on Adam Tomasi's wiki. Check Sacred Heart Tomasi Aff. If I read a position on his wiki, i'll post a notice here.

- Nanotech DA 

There's an NC I read that I didn't write; if you want to know stuff about it, ask me in person or email me at
akhilg24@gmail.com

Also check LD leaks 4 churchill pls

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: parkway central JD | Judge: Neil Conrad
V: Just Legal System 

Legal System should create social cooperation and breed trust
John Rawls ‘71, Professor of Philosophy at Harvard “A Theory of Justice”, 1971
Now the rule ofl... of a legal system. 

Punishing someone innocent undermines that trust, so the standard is ensuring an accurate application of punishment. Prefer for 3 additional reasons: 

A Legal legitimacy—Punishing innocents kills confidence in the CJS
Robert J. Ramsey and James Frank  ‘07“Wrongful Conviction: Perceptions of Criminal Justice Professionals Regarding the Frequency of Wrongful Conviction and the Extent of System Errors”, Crime Delinquency 2007; 53; 436 DOI: 10.1177/0011128706286554The online version of this article can be found at: http://cad.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/53/3/436 AG
Third, wrongful conviction... criminal justice process.

Public confidence is necessary for the CJS to function
Paul Robinson. “Mercy, Crime Control and Moral Credibility” Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series Research Paper No. #10-32
Perhaps the greatest utility ... it has suf?cient credibility.

B Deterrence—the protection of innocents is deterrence
John Danaher ‘11 “The Problem of Punishing the Innocent”, Wednesday, November 23, 2011 Akhil
Granting that assumption, ...kinds of act.

Rules of justice have to be enforceable or there's no reason for a system of Justice

C Justice is giving each their due and punishing someone who’s innocent is definitionally not giving them their due and thus is unjust

My advocacy is that when in conflict, the precedence of the CJS should shift from ACP to truth seeking.The United States should adopt legislation in all jurisdictions allowing attorneys to disclose privileged information he/she believes necessary to prevent the wrongful execution or incarceration of another.
Moliterno ’11  “Rectifying Wrongful Convictions: May a Lawyer Reveal Her Client’s Confidences to Rectify the Wrongful Conviction of Another?”, 2011  AG
May a lawyer reveal... the objectively reasonable standard.

A ACP only benefits the guilty. It makes it harder for clients who have nothing to hide to distinguish themselves from guilty clients
Daniel R. Fischel ‘98, received his JD cum laude from the Law School in 1977. He was Comment Editor of the Law Review and was elected to the Order of the Coif. Following his graduation, he clerked for Thomas E. Fairchild, chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and then for Justice Potter Stewart of the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1980, he became a professor of law at the Northwestern University School of Law. After serving as a visiting professor at the University of Chicago Law School during the 1982–83 academic year, he joined the faculty permanently in January 1984. Mr. Fischel served as Dean of the Law School from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Fischel graduated from Cornell University in 1972 and received his MA in American history from Brown University in 1974. His chief interests include corporations, corporate finance, and the regulation of financial markets. He is the author of numerous articles in these fields. “Lawyers and Confidentiality”, University of Chicago Law School, Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship, 1998 AG
That clients benefit from... society as a whole. 

Attorney Client Privilege is counter productive in finding the truth
Daniel Northrop ‘09, Fordham University School of Law and member of the Bar in New York “The Attorney-Client Privilege and Information Disclosed to an Attorney with the Intention That the Attorney Draft a Document To Be Released to Third Parties: Public Policy Calls for at Least the Strictest Application of the Attorney-Client Privilege”. Fordham Law Review, Volume 78, Issue 3, Article 14. 2009 AG
Privilege should be eliminated¶.. by revealing¶ the truth.

B Lawyers are expensive—the costs mean corporations win
William J. Prest ‘11 “Problems with and Critique of the American Justice System”, February 11, 2011 AG
To have a lawyers .. too dissimilar sort.

Empirically, corporations have tried to use ACP to avoid punishment
MYRON LEVIN ‘91 “Pipeline Spills Aren't Only Problems to Plague Mobil”, July 18, 1991 AG
Mobil Oil Corp. has taken... which was dismissed.

C Most client don’t understand or use ACP—it doesn’t help with finding the truth
Daniel Northrop ‘09, Fordham University School of Law and member of the Bar in New York “The Attorney-Client Privilege and Information Disclosed to an Attorney with the Intention That the Attorney Draft a Document To Be Released to Third Parties: Public Policy Calls for at Least the Strictest Application of the Attorney-Client Privilege”. Fordham Law Review, Volume 78, Issue 3, Article 14. 2009 AG
a. Statistical Evidence Demonstrates...percentage of clients.

Crime fraud exception doesn’t solve
Thomas E. Spahn ‘88 “The Attorney-Client Privilege”, 3-15-1988, Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary AG
On first consideration, ... the discussion in secrecy.

Tournament: Spring Woods | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: Chris Castillo
Generic util aff 

Advantages: 

terrorism
- ACP = open
- terrorists take advantage of the openness

oil spills
- historically oil companies hide stuff with ACP
- TS means we can deal with spills faster

Extinction first

All the cards used in the contention level were recut from other debaters wiki pages.
Email akhilg24@gmail.com for more specificity. Note: this will not be read at the Glenbrooks, or really ever again.

Tournament: toc | Round: 1 | Opponent: University SJ | Judge: Mark Gorthey
Because the resolutional agents are state actors, we should use consequentialism.
LILIYA ‘04 ABRAMCHAYEV,A SOCIAL CONTRACT ARGUMENT FOR ¶ THE STATE’S DUTY TO PROTECT FROM ¶ PRIVATE VIOLENCE AG
Social contract theory originated…for their governmental ¶ forms.21
Impact calculus:
Actor specificity
Epistemology
Inevitability
People default to consequentialism so disproving their standard means you presume mine
Walter Sinott-Armstrong ‘11 "Consequentialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011 AG
Even if consequentialists can … as consequentialists claim.
We should act according to rules that promote good consequences. This solves all indicts to framework.  
Weekes ‘9 (Jeanine A. Weekes, 11/14/2009, “JOHN STUART MILL’S UTILITARIANISM”, NM)
Mill says that the calculations …difficult calculations all the time.
I advocate that developing countries should accept the Precautionary Principal when environmental protection and resource extraction conflict.
CONTENTION ONE: WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
The PP conflicts with WTO trade agreements. Full reconciliation is impossible.
Borjeson 7 Natasja Borjeson (Sodertorn University College, Department of Life Sciences). “WTO, GMO, and the Precautionary Principle – the conflict between trade liberalization and environmental protection.” 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:15723/FULLTEXT01.pdf
The Precautionary Principle is one … extent be discussed within this study.
The Precautionary Principle challenges WTO authority over environmental issues. This is key to generating momentum to shut down the WTO.
 Russell Mokhiber ‘99 (editor of Corporate Crime Reporter) and Robert Weissman (editor of Multinational Monitor) “Top 10 Reasons to Shutter the WTO.” Mother Jones. November 24th, 1999. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1999/11/top-10-reasons-shutter-wto
The WTO eviscerates the Precautionary … to close down the WTO.
The WTO is using its trade authority to challenge environmental protection and prioritize resource extraction.
Global Exchange ‘11 (international human rights organization dedicated to promoting social, economic and environmental justice around the world) “Top Reasons to Oppose the WTO.” 2011
5. The WTO Is Destroying the … of these natural resources.
Two impacts: A armed conflict
Gilles Carbonniera and Natascha Wagnerb ‘13, Development Studies Section; The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Avenue de la Paix 11A, 1202 Genève, Switzerland. ?International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518AX The Hague, The Netherlands “Resource Dependence and Armed Violence: Impact on Sustainability in Developing Countries”, 2013, Taylor and Francis Online AG
We seek to uncover the relationship between …with previous findings (Buckland, 2006).
B WTO manipulation of developing countries causes disease, hunger, and income inequality
Global Exchange ‘11 (international human rights organization dedicated to promoting social, economic and environmental justice around the world) “Top Reasons to Oppose the WTO.” 2011
 6. The WTO is Killing People The WTO’s … caused the talks to collapse!
CONTENTION TWO: IMPACT CALC
A Conflict, hunger and malnutrition make up the terminal impact. I outweigh on magnitude and probability.
World Hunger E ‘13ducation Service  “2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics”, 2013, http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world20hunger20facts202002.htm#Progress_in_reducing_the_number_of_hungry_people_ AG
Number of hungry people in … shortages bring down civilization?
B Systemic impacts should come first – the alternative is policy paralysis  
Rescher 83 Nicholas Rescher, University of Pittsburgh Professor of Philosophy, “Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management” 1983
The stakes are high, the potential benefits …security is absolute stultification.
C Indicts to util have to be in context of the advocacy.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Finals | Opponent: Chloe Naguib | Judge: Jared Woods
First, “Ought” in the resolution is used in a passive voice without specifying an agent, implying an evaluation of end states rather than moral obligations
Stephen Finlay ‘12 and Justin Snedegar, Associate Professor of Philosophy at USC, PhD candidate in philosophy at USC “One Ought Too Many”, 2012, Blackwell Publishing, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~finlay/OOTM.pdf AG

‘Ought’ sentences seem …accommodate and explain them.
The U.S. is a democracy
Kim Ann Zimmermann ‘12 “What is Democracy? Definition, Types and History”, June 12, 2012 09:17pm ET AG
Compared to dictatorships, oligarchies, …, the House of Representatives.

I value a just democracy because it’s the resolutional context. The citizens of a democracy all have the capacity for autonomy and thus should be treated as moral equals.    
Richard J. Arneson “WHAT, IF ANYTHING, RENDERS ALL HUMANS MORALLY EQUAL?” published in Peter Singer and His Critics ed. by Dale Jamieson (Oxford:1999) AG
What Kant learned from … person to make choices.

All persons have autonomy and the ability to set ends for themselves. In a democracy, this entails having an equal voice in governmental decisions.  
Sidney Verba, Harvard University “THOUGHTS ABOUT POLITICAL EQUALITY WHAT IS IT? WHY DO WE WANT IT?” AG
Of the various ways … key to that equal consideration.

VC: promoting political participation
Promoting political participation is essential to a just democracy.
Thomas Christiano, Philosophy, University of Arizona “The Authority of Democracy”, The Journal of Political Philosophy: Volume 11, Number 2, 2003 A.G. 7-3
¶ The institutions of … problem of pervasive disagreement.

My advocacy is that the United States should implement the Australian system of compulsory voting.
Peter Orszag, Jun 19, 2012. Orszag is vice chairman of global banking at Citigroup Inc. and a former director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Obama administration. “Make Voting Mandatory.” Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/voting-should-be-mandatory.htmlNMS
The U.S. prides itself …advanced democracies worldwide.”

This is best for increasing political participation:
A CV Increases turnout—international analysis proves
Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
Even a casual inspection … those countries that¶ ostensibly have CV.

CV is enforced in my system—this provides motivation to vote
Costas Panagopoulos, Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Electoral Politics and Democracy Political Behavior , Vol. 30, No. 4 (Dec., 2008), pp. 455-467garimasingh
To illustrate the …and enforcement (67.81 compared to 43.12, respectively).

Increasing turnout is key political participation and good for democracy
Quintelier, et al, 2011. Ellen Quintelier is a postdoctoral researcher of the Research Foundation and an Invited Scholar at the University of Mannheim. he holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Master in Political Science and Advanced Master in Quantitative Analysis in the Social Sciences. The Effect of Compulsory Voting on Turnout Stratification Patterns. A Cross-National Analysis. International Political Science Review; http://www.partirep.eu/sites/default/files/publication/file/59.pdfNMS
There are three … at an aggregate level

B Exclusion—resources and voter suppression all function to exclude groups from polls
Kevin Lanning ‘09, Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University “Democracy, voting, and disenfranchisement in the United States: A social psychological perspective”, 2009 AG
Four explanations for … would be a waste of time.

Low voter turnout underrepresents low socioeconomic groups.
Arend Lijphart, world renowned political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics Unequal Participation: Democracyand#39;s Unresolved Dilemma, The American Political Science Review , Vol. 91, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1-14garimasingh
First of all, as already …and sometimes even negative.

Compulsory voting solves
Bart Engelen ‘07,  Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics¶ and Ethics – Institute of Philosophy (K.U.Leuven), Centre for Economics and¶ Ethics – K.U.Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium.¶ E-mail: bart.engelen@econ.kuleuven.be “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy”, 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07, http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ AG
¶ Proponents of compulsory … everybody’s interests’ (Hill, 2002b, 88 

Increased turnout takes out the class bias
Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
To gauge the … socioeconomic ‘‘biases’’ in turnout.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Arjun Tambe | Judge: Ryan Fink, Amyn Kassam
“Ought to be” means end states
Stephen Finlay ‘12 and Justin Snedegar, Associate Professor of Philosophy at USC, PhD candidate in philosophy at USC “One Ought Too Many”, 2012, Blackwell Publishing, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~finlay/OOTM.pdf AG
‘Ought’ sentences seem … and explain them.

V: Consistency with democratic principles.

High voter turnout is good for the democracy as a whole.
Quintelier, et al, 2011. Ellen Quintelier is a postdoctoral researcher of the Research Foundation and an Invited Scholar at the University of Mannheim. he holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Master in Political Science and Advanced Master in Quantitative Analysis in the Social Sciences. The Effect of Compulsory Voting on Turnout Stratification Patterns. A Cross-National Analysis. International Political Science Review; http://www.partirep.eu/sites/default/files/publication/file/59.pdfNMS
There are three main … at an aggregate level

Increasing voter turnout is essential to a democracy.
Ben Brewster ‘05 “The Importance of Voting to Democracy”, 2005 AG
Voting isn’t just important to Democracy. Voting is Democracy. You can’t have a successfully run democratic …taken advantage of.
Democracy is premised on equality
Thomas Christiano, Philosophy, University of Arizona “Democracy As Equality”, pages 1-11. No given date AG
It is an elementary …anyoneand#39;s interests unequally

The principle of equality implies increasing turnout
Thomas Christiano ‘03, Philosophy, University of Arizona “The Authority of Democracy”, The Journal of Political Philosophy: Volume 11, Number 2, 2003 AG
¶ The institutions of the society … of pervasive disagreement.

Morality is shaped by our intuitions—we can’t make universal moral statements
Kevin M. Carlsmith and John M. Darley, Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 “Psychological Aspects of Retributive Justice”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 40, ISSN 0065-2601, DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00004-4, 2008 Elsevier Inc. AG
Increasingly, the evidence …Haidt’s moral dumbfounding work.

This is empirically verified
Leiter, Brian ‘10 (Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Chicago Law School). “Moral Skepticism and Moral Disagreement: Developing an Argument from Nietzsche.” On the Human, sponsored by the National Humanities Center. March 25th, 2010. http://onthehuman.org/2010/03/moral-skepticism-and-moral-disagreement-developing-an-argument-from-nietzsche/
With respect to very particularized … irrationality, or partiality?

My advocacy is the U.S. should implement the Australian system of compulsory voting. Contention One: CV Increases turnout.
Peter Orszag, Jun 19, 2012. Orszag is vice chairman of global banking at Citigroup Inc. and a former director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Obama administration. “Make Voting Mandatory.” Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/voting-should-be-mandatory.htmlNMS
The U.S. prides itself …advanced democracies worldwide.”

International analysis proves
Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
Even a casual inspection … those countries that¶ ostensibly have CV.

CV makes the voting process easier
Bart Engelen ‘07,  Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics¶ and Ethics – Institute of Philosophy (K.U.Leuven), Centre for Economics and¶ Ethics – K.U.Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium.¶ E-mail: bart.engelen@econ.kuleuven.be “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy”, 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07, http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ AG
¶ Proponents of compulsory … to protect everybody’s interests’ (Hill, 2002b, 88 

Contention two: put your autonomy NC’s away
Korsgaard ‘08, Christine M. 2008. Taking the law into our own hands: Kant on the right to revolution. In The Constitution of Agency, 233-262. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published in Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for John Rawls, eds. Andrews Reath, Barbara Herman, and Christine M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Why is it permissible for … our executive authority to a government. 

You’re not forced to vote
Anthony Fowler ‘13, Department of Government, Harvard University “Electoral and Policy Consequences of¶ ¶ Voter Turnout: Evidence from¶ ¶ Compulsory Voting in Australia”, Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2013, 8: 159–182 AG
Compulsory voting worked … to pay the fine.

Claims to absolute autonomy are incompatible with democracy
Jason Brennan ‘11, Assistant Professor of Strategy, Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy at Georgetown University, where he teaches courses in ethics, economics, entrepreneurship, and public policy. He was formerly Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Research, at Brown University. “The Ethics of Voting”, 2011, Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691144818 AG
It is not just that I … of their autonomy.

Underview: neg must defend a competitive post fiat policy action. This also means comparative worlds.
Adam F. Nelson ‘08, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.
And the truth-statement … and the world we live in.¶ 

“Resolved” means a policy.
Words and Phrases ‘64 Permanent Edition. “Resolved”. 1964.
Definition of the … establish by law”.

Tournament: Greenhil | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows MS | Judge: Robbie Dillard
V: Consistency with democratic principles
Reject moral frameworks because they’re irresolvable
Leiter, Brian ‘10 (Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Chicago Law School). “Moral Skepticism and Moral Disagreement: Developing an Argument from Nietzsche.” On the Human, sponsored by the National Humanities Center. March 25th, 2010. http://onthehuman.org/2010/03/moral-skepticism-and-moral-disagreement-developing-an-argument-from-nietzsche/
With respect to very … irrationality, or partiality?
Any system of deliberation must be based on equality
Thomas Christiano, Philosophy, University of Arizona “Democracy As Equality”, pages 1-11. No given date AG 

It is an elementary …anyoneand#39;s interests unequally
VC: Promoting equal access to political participation

1. Definitionally consistent
   2. It’s necessary for democracy to exist
   Ben Brewster ‘05 “The Importance of Voting to Democracy”, 2005 AG
   Voting isn’t just important … taken advantage of.
   Contention one: harms—barriers to voting exist in the squo
   Kevin Lanning ‘09, Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University “Democracy, voting, and disenfranchisement in the United States: A social psychological perspective”, 2009 AG
   Four explanations for … would be a waste of time.
   Empirically proven
   Sarah Birch and Guy Lodge; Sarah Birch is a Reader in politics and Essex University. Guy Lodge is the Associate Director for Politics and Power; “The case for compulsory voting”; sourced New Statesman; 28 Apr 2012; http://www.ippr.org/articles/56/9056/the-case-for-compulsory-voting
   Electoral participation is falling … going to older people preserved?
   Contention two: CV solves. A CV increases turnout
   Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
   Even a casual inspection … countries that¶ ostensibly have CV.
   Solves for equal turnout
   Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG

To gauge the … ‘‘biases’’ in turnout.

Independently key to equality
Quintelier, et al, 2011. Ellen Quintelier is a postdoctoral researcher of the Research Foundation and an Invited Scholar at the University of Mannheim. he holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Master in Political Science and Advanced Master in Quantitative Analysis in the Social Sciences. The Effect of Compulsory Voting on Turnout Stratification Patterns. A Cross-National Analysis. International Political Science Review; http://www.partirep.eu/sites/default/files/publication/file/59.pdfNMS
There are three … at an aggregate level
Maximizing turnout outweighs or people get locked in a cycle of not voting
Sarah Birch and Guy Lodge; Sarah Birch is a Reader in politics and Essex University. Guy Lodge is the Associate Director for Politics and Power; “The case for compulsory voting”; sourced New Statesman; 28 Apr 2012; http://www.ippr.org/articles/56/9056/the-case-for-compulsory-voting
As it currently stands many non-voters do not believe political leaders are responsive to their wants and grievances, and the sad thing is they are right. Politicians have little incentive to cater to the views of groups which are known to have low rates of participation. The result is a cycle of disaffection and under-representation which can only be broken by radical means. Adding a small measure of compulsion to our electoral process could go a long way toward putting our political institutions back on an even keel and addressing the problem of growing political inequality
This does change policy outcomes
Arend Lijphart 4, world renowned political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics Unequal Participation: Democracyand#39;s Unresolved Dilemma, The American Political Science Review , Vol. 91, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1-14garimasingh
There are, however, several … of representative de-mocracy.
B CV makes politicians more accountable for citizens and motivates them to make the voting process easier.
Bart Engelen ‘07,  Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics¶ and Ethics – Institute of Philosophy (K.U.Leuven), Centre for Economics and¶ Ethics – K.U.Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium.¶ E-mail: bart.engelen@econ.kuleuven.be “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy”, 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07, http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ AG

¶ Proponents of compulsory voting … governments to protect everybody’s interests’ (Hill, 2002b, 88
CV provides a legal check against discriminatory voting laws. Counter-plans can’t solve this.
Birch ‘09, Sarah (reader in politics at U of Essex). “Full Participation: A Comparative Study of Compulsory Voting.” Published by United Nations. 26 February 2009.
Compulsory voting is … participation is required by law).
Contention three: put your autonomy NC’s away
Korsgaard ‘08, Christine M. 2008. Taking the law into our own hands: Kant on the right to revolution. In The Constitution of Agency, 233-262. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published in Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for John Rawls, eds. Andrews Reath, Barbara Herman, and Christine M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Why is it permissible for others to force or coerce you to conform to the duties of justice? The Universal Principle of Justice in effect says that the only restriction … executive authority to a government.
You’re not forced to vote
Anthony Fowler ‘13, Department of Government, Harvard University “Electoral and Policy Consequences of¶ ¶ Voter Turnout: Evidence from¶ ¶ Compulsory Voting in Australia”, Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2013, 8: 159–182 AG
Compulsory voting worked …asked to pay the fine.
Claims to absolute autonomy are incompatible with democracy
Jason Brennan ‘11, Assistant Professor of Strategy, Economics, Ethics, and Public Policy at Georgetown University, where he teaches courses in ethics, economics, entrepreneurship, and public policy. He was formerly Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Research, at Brown University. “The Ethics of Voting”, 2011, Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691144818 AG
It is not just that …of their autonomy.