Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: GreenhillSW | Judge: Paul Gravley
‘Ought’ sentences seem …accommodate and explain them.
The U.S. is a democracy
Kim Ann Zimmermann ‘12 “What is Democracy? Definition, Types and History”, June 12, 2012 09:17pm ET AG
Compared to dictatorships, oligarchies, …, the House of Representatives.

I value a just democracy because it’s the resolutional context. The citizens of a democracy all have the capacity for autonomy and thus should be treated as moral equals.    
Richard J. Arneson “WHAT, IF ANYTHING, RENDERS ALL HUMANS MORALLY EQUAL?” published in Peter Singer and His Critics ed. by Dale Jamieson (Oxford:1999) AG
What Kant learned from … person to make choices.

All persons have autonomy and the ability to set ends for themselves. In a democracy, this entails having an equal voice in governmental decisions.  
Sidney Verba, Harvard University “THOUGHTS ABOUT POLITICAL EQUALITY WHAT IS IT? WHY DO WE WANT IT?” AG
Of the various ways … key to that equal consideration.

VC: promoting political participation
Promoting political participation is essential to a just democracy.
Thomas Christiano, Philosophy, University of Arizona “The Authority of Democracy”, The Journal of Political Philosophy: Volume 11, Number 2, 2003 A.G. 7-3
¶ The institutions of … problem of pervasive disagreement.

My advocacy is that the United States should implement the Australian system of compulsory voting.
Peter Orszag, Jun 19, 2012. Orszag is vice chairman of global banking at Citigroup Inc. and a former director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Obama administration. “Make Voting Mandatory.” Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-19/voting-should-be-mandatory.htmlNMS
The U.S. prides itself …advanced democracies worldwide.”

This is best for increasing political participation:
A CV Increases turnout—international analysis proves
Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
Even a casual inspection … those countries that¶ ostensibly have CV.

CV is enforced in my system—this provides motivation to vote
Costas Panagopoulos, Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Electoral Politics and Democracy Political Behavior , Vol. 30, No. 4 (Dec., 2008), pp. 455-467garimasingh
To illustrate the …and enforcement (67.81 compared to 43.12, respectively).

Increasing turnout is key political participation and good for democracy
Quintelier, et al, 2011. Ellen Quintelier is a postdoctoral researcher of the Research Foundation and an Invited Scholar at the University of Mannheim. he holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Master in Political Science and Advanced Master in Quantitative Analysis in the Social Sciences. The Effect of Compulsory Voting on Turnout Stratification Patterns. A Cross-National Analysis. International Political Science Review; http://www.partirep.eu/sites/default/files/publication/file/59.pdfNMS
There are three … at an aggregate level

B Exclusion—resources and voter suppression all function to exclude groups from polls
Kevin Lanning ‘09, Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University “Democracy, voting, and disenfranchisement in the United States: A social psychological perspective”, 2009 AG
Four explanations for … would be a waste of time.

Low voter turnout underrepresents low socioeconomic groups.
Arend Lijphart, world renowned political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics Unequal Participation: Democracyand#39;s Unresolved Dilemma, The American Political Science Review , Vol. 91, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1-14garimasingh
First of all, as already …and sometimes even negative.

Compulsory voting solves
Bart Engelen ‘07,  Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics¶ and Ethics – Institute of Philosophy (K.U.Leuven), Centre for Economics and¶ Ethics – K.U.Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium.¶ E-mail: bart.engelen@econ.kuleuven.be “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy”, 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07, http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ AG
¶ Proponents of compulsory … everybody’s interests’ (Hill, 2002b, 88 

Increased turnout takes out the class bias
Simon Jackman ‘01, Assistant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science,¶ Stanford University “Compulsory Voting”, to appear in the¶ International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 AG
To gauge the … socioeconomic ‘‘biases’’ in turnout.