Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Not sure | Judge: Not sure
Presume neg
Constituitivism
(1) Needed to explain obligations
(2) Necessitated from the meaning of moral language. Geach
Peter T. Geach. "Good and Evil" Also reprinted in Foot, Philippa (ed.) (1967). Theories of Ethics United States: Oxford University Press. pp. 64–73.
The way of referring to an agent determines which constitutive standard is being appealed to. Robertson
Robertson, Teresa, "Essential vs. Accidental Properties", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/essential-accidental/.
Standard is acting to increase development
Only intent matters
John McDowell, “Anscombe on Bodily Self-Knowledge,” Essays on Anscombe’s Intention, 146.
Countries intend to develop through resource extraction
A Bhardwaj - ?2002. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07012002-110048/unrestricted/MAJORPAPERFINAL.pdf