Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Part 1 is the Framework

I value morality and the standard is utilitarianism.

First, Morality must be a universal rule, this means util. Pettit 2k    
Phillip Pettit. “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability.” 2000.

Every prescription as …  in similar circumstances. 

And, Non-consequentialist theories fail since they require maximization to be universalizeable. Pettit 2k  
Phillip Pettit. “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability.” 2000.

The upshot is … of their commitment.

Second, Determinism is true and moral decisions are controlled by cognition, study proves. Newell 09
Indiana Undergraduate Journal of Cognitive Science 4 (2009) 54-64. Can Neuroscience Inform the Free Will Debate? Brandi Jo Newell. Psychology Wellesley College.

For example, by … of free will.

Determinism means util. Greene and Cohen 04
Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen – 2004 Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, “For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc.Lond. B, November 2004. The Royal Society.

Even if there… sphere: see below.).

Third, neuroscience proves util is supported by controlled cognition. Greene 09
Joshua D. Greene Department of Psychology at Harvard University “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Moral Judgment”. 2009. The Cognitive Neurosciences IV. http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~jgreene/GreeneWJH/Greene-CogNeuroIV-09.pdf

Four others studies …  by current theory.

Adopt a parliamentary model to account for moral uncertainty. This entails minimizing existential risks. Bostrom 9
Bostrom, Nick (Existentialist of a different sort). “Moral uncertainty – toward a solution?” 1 January 2009. http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/01/moral-uncertainty-towards-a-solution.html 

It seems people …  deem centrally important.

And, the neg burden is to defend a competitive, post-fiat China policy. Offense-defense is key to fairness and real world education. This means no skep or presumption. Nelson 8
Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.

And the truth-statement… world we live in.

Aff gets AFC. Key to clash. O’Donnell 4 writes
Timothy M. O’Donnell (Director of Debate University of Mary Washington) “And the Twain Shall Meet: Affirmative Framework Choice and the Future of Debate”  2004.

AFC preserves the … be debating about. 

Part 2 is the Plan

China development harms environment, shifting from resource extraction key. Yongjie 13
Chen Yongjie Deputy Secretary General China International Center For Economic And Technical Exchanges; CICETE is a specialized international assistance executing agency of Ministry of Commerce promoting multilateral and bilateral economic and technical exchanges and international cooperation to support China’s economic and social development and the achievement of all-round Xiao Kang Society and Millennium Development Goals. The Only Way To End China's Pollution Disaster Is To Slow Down The Economy.  April 6, 2013. Translated by Laura Lin @
http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/the-only-way-to-end-china-039-s-pollution-disaster-is-to-slow-down-the-economy/chinese-economy-xi-jinping-development-pollution-green/c9s11345/#.UqzeMPTRWSp Original: http://www.eeo.com.cn/2013/0403/242142.shtml

BEIJING - Recently the … the world as well.

Thus the plan text: The People’s Republic of China should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. 

Part 3 is Advantage One

Chinese demand for resources causes Amazon deforestation. Rocha 13
Jan Rocha Jan Rocha is a reporter in the Latin American bureau of the Climate News Network. June 16, 2013. “China's environmental impact in the Amazon”. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/6211-China-s-environmental-impact-in-the-Amazon

The Amazon basin … the Xingu River.

Chinese mining and logging cause massive deforestation in Congo Basin. Kaye 12
BY MELATI KAYE.  Deforestation from mining in the Congo mre than ‘a hole in the canopy’. 16 JUL 2012. http://blog.cifor.org/10221/deforestation-from-mining-in-the-congo-more-than-a-hole-in-the-canopy#.UrXAavTRWSo

BOGOR, Indonesia (16 …  more spread out.” 

Deforestation Causes warming. Howden 7
Daniel, 5/14/2007, The Independent, “Deforestation: The hidden cause of global warming”, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/deforestation-the-hidden-cause-of-global-warming-448734.html

The accelerating destruction … take the hit."  

Destruction of the Congo River Basin forests ensures planetary extinction. Boukongou, 05 (Jean Didier, Professor – Central African Catholic University (Cameroon), “The Protection of the Congo basin: A Multilateral Challenge", www.african-geopolitics.org/show.aspx?ArticleId=3836#_ftn1)

This is not … preserving biologic diversity.

Tournament: UPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gig Harbor Otto | Judge: Bentley
Part 1 is the Framework

I value morality and the standard is utilitarianism. 

First, Morality must be a universal rule, this means util. Pettit 2k    
Phillip Pettit. “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability.” 2000.

Every prescription as …  in similar circumstances. 

And, Non-consequentialist theories fail since they require maximization to be universalizeable. Pettit 2k  
Phillip Pettit. “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability.” 2000.

The upshot is … of their commitment.

Second, Determinism is true and moral decisions are controlled by cognition, study proves. Newell 09
Indiana Undergraduate Journal of Cognitive Science 4 (2009) 54-64. Can Neuroscience Inform the Free Will Debate? Brandi Jo Newell. Psychology Wellesley College.

For example, by … of free will.

Determinism means util. Greene and Cohen 04
Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen – 2004 Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, “For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc.Lond. B, November 2004. The Royal Society.

Even if there… sphere: see below.).

Third, neuroscience proves util is supported by controlled cognition. Greene 09
Joshua D. Greene Department of Psychology at Harvard University “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Moral Judgment”. 2009. The Cognitive Neurosciences IV. http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~jgreene/GreeneWJH/Greene-CogNeuroIV-09.pdf

Four others studies …  by current theory.

Adopt a parliamentary model to account for moral uncertainty. This entails minimizing existential risks. Bostrom 9
Bostrom, Nick (Existentialist of a different sort). “Moral uncertainty – toward a solution?” 1 January 2009. http://www.overcomingbias.com/2009/01/moral-uncertainty-towards-a-solution.html 

It seems people …  deem centrally important.

And, the neg burden is to defend a competitive, post-fiat China policy. Offense-defense is key to fairness and real world education. This means no skep or presumption. Nelson 8
Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.

And the truth-statement… world we live in.

Aff gets AFC. Key to clash. O’Donnell 4 writes
Timothy M. O’Donnell (Director of Debate University of Mary Washington) “And the Twain Shall Meet: Affirmative Framework Choice and the Future of Debate”  2004.

AFC preserves the … be debating about. 

Part 2 is the Plan

China development harms environment, shifting from resource extraction key. Yongjie 13
Chen Yongjie Deputy Secretary General China International Center For Economic And Technical Exchanges; CICETE is a specialized international assistance executing agency of Ministry of Commerce promoting multilateral and bilateral economic and technical exchanges and international cooperation to support China’s economic and social development and the achievement of all-round Xiao Kang Society and Millennium Development Goals. The Only Way To End China's Pollution Disaster Is To Slow Down The Economy.  April 6, 2013. Translated by Laura Lin @
http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/the-only-way-to-end-china-039-s-pollution-disaster-is-to-slow-down-the-economy/chinese-economy-xi-jinping-development-pollution-green/c9s11345/#.UqzeMPTRWSp Original: http://www.eeo.com.cn/2013/0403/242142.shtml

BEIJING - Recently the … the world as well.

Thus the plan text: The People’s Republic of China should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. 

Part 3 is Advantage One

Chinese demand for resources causes Amazon deforestation. Rocha 13
Jan Rocha Jan Rocha is a reporter in the Latin American bureau of the Climate News Network. June 16, 2013. “China's environmental impact in the Amazon”. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/6211-China-s-environmental-impact-in-the-Amazon

The Amazon basin … the Xingu River.

Chinese mining and logging cause massive deforestation in Congo Basin. Kaye 12
BY MELATI KAYE.  Deforestation from mining in the Congo mre than ‘a hole in the canopy’. 16 JUL 2012. http://blog.cifor.org/10221/deforestation-from-mining-in-the-congo-more-than-a-hole-in-the-canopy#.UrXAavTRWSo

BOGOR, Indonesia (16 …  more spread out.” 

Deforestation Causes warming. Howden 7
Daniel, 5/14/2007, The Independent, “Deforestation: The hidden cause of global warming”, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/deforestation-the-hidden-cause-of-global-warming-448734.html

The accelerating destruction … take the hit."  

Destruction of the Congo River Basin forests ensures planetary extinction. Boukongou, 05 (Jean Didier, Professor – Central African Catholic University (Cameroon), “The Protection of the Congo basin: A Multilateral Challenge", www.african-geopolitics.org/show.aspx?ArticleId=3836#_ftn1)

This is not … preserving biologic diversity.

Advantage Two

East Asia on the brink of war. Nicholas and Page 13
PETER NICHOLAS and JEREMY PAGE, “Biden's Trip to Beijing Leaves China Air-Zone Rift Open”. Wall Street Journal, Dec. 4, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303497804579237681498592514.

Vice President Joe Biden a…planes that enter its zone. 

Rare earth metals fuel China-Japan conflict, affirming means letting go of the issue. Klabin  13
Roy Klabin   , “The Coming Resource Wars Between America, China, and Japan”. Policy Mic, March 28, 2013 http://www.policymic.com/articles/31361/the-coming-resource-wars-between-america-china-and-japan.

While China’s sociopathic …energy for the country.

War likely due to conflict over seaboard resources. Hsiung  05
James C. Hsiung, “Sea Power, Law of the Sea, and China-Japan East China Sea "Resource War"”. Forum on China and the Sea Institute of Sustainable Development
Macao University of Science and Technology October 9-11, 2005. Quals: Professor, New York University.

Fourth, in the … (since the 16th century).

Chinese environmental protection solves resource extraction conflict. Weston  06
Stephanie A. Weston, ‘Towards a Constructive Sino Japanese Relationship in
the New Millennium”. Current Politics and Economics of Asia, 15:3, 2006,
pp. 191-211

Another issue that … China Sea area. 

War goes nuclear. Goldstein  13
Avery Goldstein, “China’s Real and Present Danger: Now Is the Time for Washington to Worry”. Foreign Affairs Magazine, Sept/Oct 2013 Issue. Quals: AVERY GOLDSTEIN is David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations and Director of the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania.

Much of the … order to avoid detection.

Tournament: UPS | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bainbridge Maltman | Judge: Carroll
China development harms environment, shifting from resource extraction key. Yongjie 13
Chen Yongjie Deputy Secretary General China International Center For Economic And Technical Exchanges; CICETE is a specialized international assistance executing agency of Ministry of Commerce promoting multilateral and bilateral economic and technical exchanges and international cooperation to support China’s economic and social development and the achievement of all-round Xiao Kang Society and Millennium Development Goals. The Only Way To End China's Pollution Disaster Is To Slow Down The Economy.  April 6, 2013. Translated by Laura Lin @
http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/the-only-way-to-end-china-039-s-pollution-disaster-is-to-slow-down-the-economy/chinese-economy-xi-jinping-development-pollution-green/c9s11345/#.UqzeMPTRWSp Original: http://www.eeo.com.cn/2013/0403/242142.shtml

BEIJING - Recently the haze … the world as well.

Thus the plan text: The People’s Republic of China should end the extraction of minerals, oil, and natural gas that causes pollution. Funding guaranteed. Done through normal means. I reserve the right to clarify in cx.

 Advantage One

Chinese mining and logging causes massive deforestation in the Congo Basin. Kaye 12
BY MELATI KAYE.  Deforestation from mining in the Congo mre than ‘a hole in the canopy’. 16 JUL 2012. http://blog.cifor.org/10221/deforestation-from-mining-in-the-congo-more-than-a-hole-in-the-canopy#.UrXAavTRWSo

BOGOR, Indonesia (16 July 2012)_...that are more spread out.” 

Chinese demand for resources causes Amazon deforestation. Rocha 13
Jan Rocha Jan Rocha is a reporter in the Latin American bureau of the Climate News Network. June 16, 2013. “China's environmental impact in the Amazon”. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/6211-China-s-environmental-impact-in-the-Amazon

The Amazon basin … on the Xingu River.

Deforestation in these areas causes warming. Howden 7
Daniel, 5/14/2007, The Independent, “Deforestation: The hidden cause of global warming”, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/deforestation-the-hidden-cause-of-global-warming-448734.html

The accelerating destruction…forest will take the hit."  

Ocean studies prove warming causes extinction. Sify 10
Citing Ove Hoegh-Gulberg, Professor @ University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute AND Citing John Bruno, Associate Professor of Marine Science @ UNC (Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?,” June 19th, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html

Sydney: Scientists have …fail', he added. 

Advantage two

Destruction of the Congo River Basin forests ensures extinction . Boukongou 05  
(Jean Didier, Professor – Central African Catholic University (Cameroon), “The Protection of the Congo basin: A Multilateral Challenge", www.african-geopolitics.org/show.aspx?ArticleId=3836#_ftn1)

This is not a revival …preserving biologic diversity.

Biodiversity is key to preventing extinction. Madgoluis 96
  (Richard Margoluis, Biodiversity Support Program, 1996, http://www.bsponline.org/publications/showhtml.php3?10)

Biodiversity not only … our own survival.

Biodiversity loss outweighs all impacts since it is not repairable. Tobin 90
  (Richard Tobin, THE EXPENDABLE FUTURE, 1990, p. 22 )

Norman Meyers observes, …of natural habitats.  

 Advantage Three

East Asia on the brink of war. Nicholas and Page 13
PETER NICHOLAS and JEREMY PAGE, “Biden's Trip to Beijing Leaves China Air-Zone Rift Open”. Wall Street Journal, Dec. 4, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303497804579237681498592514.

Vice President Joe Biden a…planes that enter its zone. 

Rare earth metals fuel China-Japan conflict, affirming means letting go of the issue. Klabin  13
Roy Klabin   , “The Coming Resource Wars Between America, China, and Japan”. Policy Mic, March 28, 2013 http://www.policymic.com/articles/31361/the-coming-resource-wars-between-america-china-and-japan.

While China’s sociopathic …energy for the country.

War likely due to conflict over seaboard resources. Hsiung  05
James C. Hsiung, “Sea Power, Law of the Sea, and China-Japan East China Sea "Resource War"”. Forum on China and the Sea Institute of Sustainable Development
Macao University of Science and Technology October 9-11, 2005. Quals: Professor, New York University.

Fourth, in the … (since the 16th century).

Chinese environmental protection solves resource extraction conflict. Weston  06
Stephanie A. Weston, ‘Towards a Constructive Sino Japanese Relationship in
the New Millennium”. Current Politics and Economics of Asia, 15:3, 2006,
pp. 191-211

Another issue that … China Sea area. 

War goes nuclear. Goldstein  13
Avery Goldstein, “China’s Real and Present Danger: Now Is the Time for Washington to Worry”. Foreign Affairs Magazine, Sept/Oct 2013 Issue. Quals: AVERY GOLDSTEIN is David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations and Director of the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania.

Much of the … order to avoid detection.

Advantage Four

Backsliding on environmental reforms undermines the credibility of Chinese president Xi Jinping. Hilton 11-19
Isabel Hilton (founder of www.chinadialogue.net, a bilingual Chinese English news site devoted to building a shared approach on environmental issues with China). “China: President Xi Jinping's one-year report card.” CNN. 19 November 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/19/opinion/china-xi-report-card/

There was not … controlled environmental NGOs. 

Xi’s polcap is waning now, but he needs every ounce to pass economic reforms which avert multiple scenarios for Chinese economic crisis. McElveen and Li 13
Ryan McElveen (researcher at the Brookings Institute, focusing on the Chinese Communist Part) and Cheng Li (director of research and a senior fellow at the John L. Thornton China Center in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, and a director of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations.) “Can Xi Jinping's Governing Strategy Succeed?” Brookings Institute. 26 September 2013. http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/09/26-xi-jinping-china-governing-strategy-li-mcelveen

When Xi Jinping …may take shape. 

Chinese economic downturn causes World War III. Plate 3
Tom Plate, professor of Policy and Communication Studies at UCLA where he founded the Asia Pacific Media Network, “WHY NOT INVADE CHINA? With allies like the neo-cons, Bush scarcely needs enemies”, June 30, 2003, http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)

But imagine a … seems to prefer.

Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
The plan text: The People’s Republic of China should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict.

Tournament: All Sept-Oct | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Plan text: The USFG will make voting compulsory with a small fine for not voting and a “none of the above” option on the ballot.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
First, since all people are morally equal that means decision makers default to util. Rakowski  93
Eric Rakowski ,“Taking and Saving Lives,” Columbia Law Review, Vol. 93, No. 5, (Jun., 1993) pp. 1063-1156 Published by: Columbia Law Review Association, Inc.
On one side ... to do so.

Second, util is the only moral system available to policy-makers. Goodin 90
Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2
My larger argument ... rules or conduct.

Third, if neg’s framework is not overwhelmingly certain, default to util. Sinnot-Armstrong  11
(Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, "Consequentialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/consequentialism/.)
Even if consequentialists ... as consequentialists claim.

Fourth, democratic policy is utilitarian. Riley  90
Jonathan Riley. “Utilitarian Ethics and Democratic Government.” 1990. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381000
John Hart Ely ... by how much."

Thus the Plan text: The USFG will make voting compulsory with a small fine for not voting and a “none of the above” option on the ballot. Done through normal means. I reserve the right to clarify the plan in CX, so no theory violations unless they check. 

Matsler  3 clarifies the plan.
Sean Matsler Class of 2003, University of Southern California Law School; B.A. 1999, University of California at Berkeley. “COMPULSORY VOTING IN AMERICA.” South California Law Review. 2002. http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/076404.pdf
What to do? ... against compulsory voting.

Income eq adv

CV decreases income inequality by increasing redistribution programs for the poor. Chong and Olivera  5
Alberto Chong Inter-American Development Bank AND Mauricio Olivera George Mason University. May 2005. On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries.http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1818733
As explained above...levels is typical (Powell, 1986). 

Income inequality is the root cause of economic crisis. Harkinson 11
Josh Harkinson (staff reporter). “Study: Income Inequality Kills Economic Growth.” Mother Jones. October 4th, 2011. http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2011/10/study-income-inequality-kills-economic-growth
Corporate chieftains often ... the hard way." 

There’s a growing credit bubble which is set to burst. It will collapse the global economy and cause massive political corruption which turns any democracy NC. Asia Times 9-23 writes
Asia Times News. “CREDIT BUBBLE BULLETIN The Fed goes too far.” 23 September 2013. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GECON-01-230913.html
Credit is inherently ... an endeavor implies.

Economic collapse causes global nuclear war. Freidberg and Schonfeld  8
Aaron Freidberg and Gabriel Schonfeld *Professor of Politics and IR at Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School, AND senior editor of Commentary and a visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, 10/21/2008, “The Dangers of a Diminished America”, Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
With the global ...  continued American leadership.

Warming Adv

Compulsory voting raises turnout by up to 16. HLR   7
Harvard Law Review (no author). “The Case for Compulsory Voting in the United States.” Harvard Law Review, Vol. 121, No. 2 (December 2007), pp. 591-612
Voter turnout in ... adopted compulsory voting.11 

Increased voter turnout increases left wing support. Lijphart 98
Arend Lijphart, political science professor at the University of California, “The Problem of Low and Unequal Voter Turnout – and What We Can Do About It” 1998
The strongest evidence ...  increase in turnout.

Democratic platform is key to solve climate change and global warming—Republicans are against it. Huffington Post 12
The Huffington Post, “Democratic Party Platform: Climate Change Challenges And Other Environmental Issues Addressed” 2012 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/04/democratic-party-platform-climate-change-environment_n_1854579.html
In addressing foreign ... to foreign aggression."

Ocean studies prove warming causes extinction. Sify 10
Citing Ove Hoegh-Gulberg, Professor @ University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute AND Citing John Bruno, Associate Professor of Marine Science @ UNC (Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?,” June 19th, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html
Sydney: Scientists have ... fail', he added. 

Underview

Moral uncertainty means minimizing existential risk, which precludes all other ethical concerns. Bostrom  11
Nick Bostrom (Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford), “THE CONCEPT OF EXISTENTIAL RISK”, 2011 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html
These reflections on ... any existential catastrophe.

Moral uncertainty is high now, but there’s room for improvement. Parfit  84
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). P. 453.
Some people believe ... the least advanced.

No theory is so absolute that extinction is irrelevant. Even deon has a threshold. Korsgaard 02 writes
Christine M. Korsgaard (Professor of Philosophy at Harvard). Internalism and the Sources of Normativity. Constructions of Practical Reason: Interviews on Moral and Political Philosophy, edited by Herlinde Pauer-Studer (Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 2002) http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~korsgaar/CPR.CMK.Interview.pdf
But actions are ... Right to Revolution.” 4

Cost-benefit analysis is feasible. Ignore any util calc indicts. Hardin 90
Hardin, Russell (Helen Gould Shepard Professor in the Social Sciences @ NYU). May 1990. Morality within the Limits of Reason. University Of Chicago Press. pp. 4. ISBN 978-0226316208.
One of the ... discussions of academics.