Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Clements RG | Judge: Bietz, Mike
Definitions

CV:
Quintelier Ellen, Marc Hooghe, and Sofie Marien. "The effect of compulsory voting on turnout stratification patterns: A cross-national analysis." International Political Science Review 32.4 (2011): 396-416. 

"Although the term...a (valid) vote"

Democracy: 

Larry Diamond, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, and founding co-editor of the Journal of Democracy.What is Democracy? Lecture at Hilla University for Humanistic Studies (January 21, 2004) defines democracy with four points. 

“First, A political...to all citizens.”

V: Morality 

Std: promoting inclusion in political processes

1. Demo derives legitimacy from inclusion 

Young, Iris Marion. Inclusion and Democracy pp 119-120, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000

"a democratic decision...opportunity to speak"

2. democracy’s moral obligations are therefore the moral obligations of its constituents. 

a. duty to promote an ethic of care 

Bergmark, Ulrika and Alerby, Eva. “Ethics of Care– a dilemma or a challenge in education?”  Australian Association for Research in Education National Conference (AARE), Adelaide, Australia, 27-30 November, 2006

"all humans have ...give and receive care."

b. Our duty of care for the other allows us to become aware of our being

Sherman, Glen L. “Compelling Each Toward the Other: The Ethics of Emmanuel Levinas” 2008

"the self’s ...any reflective awareness."

Cropsey, History of Political Philosophy 1987 p. 891

"The question of... and authentic freedom"

Contention 1: compulsory voting prevents marginalization of the socioeconomically disadvantaged.

  Frederick Solt (Southern Illinois University). “Does Economic Inequality Depress Electoral Participation? Testing the Schattschneider Hypothesis”.  Political Behavior  Volume 32, Issue 2 , pp 285-30. January 21, 2010

"inequality in... by the general public"

Kim Quaile Hill and Jan E. Leighley (both professors at Texas AandM). “The Policy Consequences of Class Bias in State Electorates”. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 36, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 351-365

"the existence of ... of our condition"

Engelen, Bart. “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy” Acta Politica 2007 Vol 42 pp (23-29)

"compare turnout levels...voting raises turnout"

"compulsory voting...easier to interpret"

Contention two: Compulsory voting encourages the participation of the disabled. 

Earle, Thomas H., and Kristi M. Bushner. "Effective Participation or Exclusion: The Voting Rights of People with Disabilities." Temp. Pol. and Civ. Rts. L. Rev. 11 (2001): 327.

"for most disabled ...attempting to vote "

Baker, Paul. "(E) voting for people with disabilities and the aging: a survey of technological, social and process barriers to participation." American Political Science Association, 2006.

"millions of Americans ...remains lower"

Compulsory voting empowers and encourages the disabled who are distanced from the polls, incentivizing them to vote by asserting that their participation is important. 

O’Gorman, Katherine. “25 Ideas for Election Reform: Compulsory Voting” Policy Studies Journal
Volume 36, Issue 4, pages 646–706, November 2008

"Minorities are ...to their issues."

Further, Lacroix explains that even liberal democracy supports compulsory voting on the basis that when equality cannot be achieve realistically, a democracy sacrifices some equality to protect the disadvantaged.
Lacroix, Justine. "A liberal defence of compulsory voting." Politics 27.3 (2007): 190-195.

"the only ...the most powerful"