Tournament: Newark and Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Same Util Framework as JagaJaga AC

China currently reevaluating their policies on EP and extraction.  Stanway 13 "China will steer .. sources of instability"

David Stanway.  Reuters. “To Tackle Pollution, China to drop pursuit of growth at all costs.” November 18th, 2013.

Thus the plan: China will revise its policy initiatives to prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict.

Advantage one is war in East Asia.

China is on the brink of war. Nicholas 13, "Joe Biden and ... Mr. Biden's requests."

PETER NICHOLAS and JEREMY PAGE, “Biden's Trip to Beijing Leaves China Air-Zone Rift Open”. Wall Street Journal, Dec. 4, 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303497804579237681498592514

Rare-earth metals fuel conflict between China and Japan.  Klabin 13, "Amid disputed Chinese ... the tech industries."

Roy Klabin   , “The Coming Resource Wars Between America, China, and Japan”. Policy Mic, March 28, 2013 http://www.policymic.com/articles/31361/the-coming-resource-wars-between-america-china-and-japan.

War is likely over sea bed resources.  Hsiung 05, "Fourth, in the ... to the sea."

James C. Hsiung, “Sea Power, Law of the Sea, and China-Japan East China Sea "Resource War"”. Forum on China and the Sea Institute of Sustainable Development. October 2005.

Chinese environmental protection solves.  Weston 06, "Another issue that ... for natural resources."

Stephanie A. Weston, ‘Towards a Constructive Sino Japanese Relationship in the New Millennium”. Current Politics and Economics of Asia, 15:3, 2006, pp. 191-211. 

UNDERVIEW:

1.  Theory is a RVI.  Time skew. Reciprocity.

2.  No word Pics.

3.  Extinction first.  Any arguments for discounting the value of future lives would have to achieve an impossibly justified high credence level to overwhelm magnitude of risk of extinction.  Bostrom, "These reflections on ... lot of value."

Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University  Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor.  Do you honestly need this cite?

4.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 6 | Opponent: DuPont Manual KG | Judge: Gichan
A is the link. The neg advocacy is a façade - a fake image of progress.  Arrigo and Williams , “The entrenched ... postmodern thought."
Christopher R. Williams. (PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University). Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, “The (Im)Possibility of Democratic Justice and the ‘Gift’ of the Majority,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2000, pgs. 321-343). 2000.

Her narrative only fuels the link.  She talks about the three-tier process but she cannot speak for the minorities and black body when a. she is white and b. she speaks from a standpoint of privilege.

B is the Impact. This narcissistic reinforcement of power and control turns the case.
Arrigo and Williams 2, “Reciprocation on ... the advantaged.”
Ibid.

C is the alternative.  If the neg's arguments about rejecting racism come first, you must vote aff because the neg is right; racism is bad, but the neg must become the Dark Knight – to achieve true change you must understand the position of those you claim to help.  McGowan, "In contrast to Batman ... that we fight.
(Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, “The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight,” Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)

Tournament: Scarsdale | Round: Semis | Opponent: Hunter College DL | Judge: Heizelman, Gellen, Berruti
Thus the standard is consistency with ILAW.

Randolph RN also has this AC.

Tournament: Yale and Bronx All Prelims | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
I affirm.  Engelen  defines compulsory voting, “If citizens are ... compulsory turnout’(Keaney and Rogers, 2006, 26) is more accurate.”
Bart Engelen. “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy.” 2007.

And, the round is an issue of comparative worlds.  Nelson , “Such a model ... as a whole.”
Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.

And comparing worlds implies util since there are defined concepts to weigh under i.e. magnitude or probability so the judge can easily compare impacts minimizing judge intervention.

I value Morality. Epistemology comes before all other ethical foundations because labeling things moral or immoral is just a function of our knowledge. We need to know how we know what right and wrong are before we can pick the best definition.
And, experiential reason is inevitable—all moral deliberations are based on previous dispositions. Blackburn, “But nothing on this earth ... concern and care.”
Simon Blackburn. “Ruling Passions.” Oxford University Press. 1999. 

Next, all humans experience the badness of pain and the goodness of pleasure and recognize its importance. Nagel, “Almost everyone ... on a hot stove.,”
Thomas Nagel. The View From Nowhere, HUP, 1986: 156-168.
Geoffrey Sayre-McCord. “Mill's "Proof" of the Principle of Utility: A More than Half-Hearted Defense.” Spring 2001.

Thus, because each agent values their own pleasure, they must also value the pleasure of others. Sayre-McCord , “According to ... the value of all the rest.”
James Rachels. “Killing and Letting Die.” http://www.jamesrachels.org/killing.pdf

Therefore, since we have no non-arbitrary reason to value our own pleasure over the pleasure of others, the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer this standard:

1. The act-omission distinction doesn’t exist—every inaction is an action itself, so we’re equally responsible for omissions. Rachels , “So what ... very rapidly.”
   If there is no act-omission distinction, then we are fully complicit with any harms we allow, so actions are moral if they minimize harm.

2. Absolute Side Constraints are incoherent since they produce irresolvable conflicts.  Debts.

ADVOCACY TEXT

I will defend Australia’s compulsory voting system.  AEC , “Yes, voting is compulsory for every Australian citizen aged 18 years or older. If you do not vote and do not have a valid and sufficient reason for failing to vote, a penalty is imposed. For further information see Compulsory Voting.  Initially the Australian Electoral Commission will write to all apparent non-voters requesting that they either provide a reason for their failure to vote or pay a $20 penalty.”
Australian Electoral Commission. August 11, 2013. “Voting Within Australia – Frequently Asked Questions.

Prefer this interp because;

1. Specificity is necessary on this topic because compulsory voting is different across countries that practice it.  There are different types of compulsory voting so to have a stable advocacy it is necessary to specify what system I defend.

2. Topic Literature – Australia is the core of the topic lit.  Do a Google  search for “Compulsory voting” and the first 20 articles talk about Australia.  If you know nothing about Australia, you have not done any research.  This has several implications:
”http:www.google.com/#fp=f365ddd7b11e50e0andq=compulsory+voting."

a. Ground – I don’t eliminate any key neg ground because the main arguments criticizing compulsion, criticize Australia in the process.  My interp also ensures your offense is applicable as I am bound to the one system making it much harder to shift out of links whereas with a holistic approach there is a lot more flexibility.

b. Clash – If you did any work, you will have prep about Australia.  By focusing on Australia we can maximize clash in this round because we can do lots of comparison as to why this system is good or bad.  This is key to both depth and breadth of education.

ADVANTAGE ONE (POVERTY)
Advantage one is poverty.  Compulsion increased voter turnout significantly in Australia.  Orszag 12 , “Be

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Feel free to email me with any questions at nachanacho@aol.com or message me on facebook.  If I fail to disclose on time, chances are I've just been busy so if you email me, I will disclose whatever you need.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: University DB | Judge: Honda Wang
Check Timothy Christian (Daniel Lutfy's) wiki for all cites and cards.

Tournament: Bronx  Yale | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Walt Whitman DM  Christopher Columbus NA | Judge: Yi, Lonam, Liu  Massey, Reiter, Ditzian
I affirm.  Engelen  defines compulsory voting, “If citizens are ... compulsory turnout’(Keaney and Rogers, 2006, 26) is more accurate.”
Bart Engelen. “Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy.” 2007

And the actor is a democracy.  A.  It’s specified by the resolution.  B.  Compulsory voting is a state policy measure, not an action for individuals.  C.  Countries that currently practice compulsory voting in the squo are democracies.

The term ought can be grounded in the notion of proper function or on abstract morality. Anscombe,   “The terms “should” or “ought” ... "intellectual.""
Elizabeth Anscombe. “Modern Moral Philosophy.” January 1958.

3 analytical reasons to prefer.

2 Reasons why individual function don't make sense.

The purpose of a democracy is tied to respect for all public opinion.  Rawls, “The essential ... democratic societies.”
John Rawls. “Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical.” Summer 1985.
Charles M. Grigg and James W. Prothro. “Fundamental Principles of Democracy: Bases of Agreement and Disagreement.” The Journal of Politics, Volume 22, Issue 2 (May, 1960), 276-294. 

Also, democratic action is inevitably based on a consensus of all opinions.  Grigg, “Other theorists ... differences appear.”

Definitionally state looks to VP.

However, even if ought was fixed in a moral context, democracies have a moral obligation to uphold value pluralism.

First, we can never make objective claims and only value pluralism can produce moral judgments applicable to all agents.  Nietzsche , “The falsity ... whatever.”
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche.  “Human, All Too Human.” 1996. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Second, finititude of human logic.

Third, everyone’s existence is different and I can only base my moral evaluations on my own conception of the world, requiring respect for individual development. Webster,  “While one ... developed.”
Scott Webster. “Existentialism: Providing an ideal framework for educational research in times of uncertainty.” http://www.aare.edu.au/02pap/web02086.htm. 2002.

AFC

Thus the standard is consistency with state pluralism, defined as the ability for agents to express their own views about how the state should function.

I contend that state pluralism obligates democracies to endorse compulsory voting.

First, the intent and result of compulsory voting solves for low and unequal opinion representation through increased turnout.  Lever , “If the first ... lessen these, too.”
Annabelle Lever. “Is Compulsory Voting Justified?” 2009.

Also, arguments indicting the uneducated don’t link because pluralism is not contingent on education, all opinions matter and compulsory voting ensures all opinions are expressed.

And, compulsory voting best allows for the voices of the discontented to be heard.  Engelen 2, “Abstainers stay at ... be heard.”
Ibid.

Underview: Theory is a RVI.