Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Marino NT | Judge: Mollie Cowger
Value: Morality
Value Criterion:Util

Consequences first
Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.”
Here is my (consequentialist) starting point: …either in this world or the world to come. Even within religion, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values.
That outweighs:
a. Experience precludes: If it isn’t possible to experience the value from any ethical system then we would reject it
b. impossible for people to care about something that they cannot experience –

Second, if there’s even a risk of ethical uncertainty, we should always prioritize the survival of the human race to ensure future value.
Bostrom Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy (2012)
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests … do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose MM | Judge: Michael Harris
Text: The US Supreme Court will end all permanent disenfranchisement laws. I reserve the right to clarify.
Dilts 12 Andrew Dilts. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Loyola Marymount University. “Incurable Blackness: Criminal Disenfranchisement, Mental Disability, and the White Citizen.” Disability Studies Quarterly. Volume 32, No 3. 2012 AJ
In so far as disenfranchisement …essentializes, and fixes the boundaries of the polity.
Competition: Net benefits
Solvency:
The right to vote is key to solve racism.
Weatherspoon 07 (Floyd, expert in African-American males and the law, published in law journals and newspapers, associate dean for Alternative Dispute Resolution Programs, member of the National Bar Association and the American Bar Association, external Administrative Judge for the EEOC) “The Mass Incarceration of African-American Males: A Return to Institutionalized Slavery, Oppression, and Disenfranchisement of Constitutional Rights” 13 Texas Wesleyan Law Review 599 (2007) AT
The mass incarceration of African-American … them to a system of de facto slavery.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Citrus Valley AL | Judge: Tim Alderete
Federalism is on the brink now
Robb 13 Robert, “Obama and the Death of Federalism” February 20, 2013”
We are a long way from that…the energy efficiency of homes and businesses. 

CV violates the constitution-states rights.
Denniston 12 Lyle, “Constitution Check: Could voting be made mandatory?” Constitution Daily, 2/12/13
No doubt, a nationwide … and generally how elections are to be conducted.

Small decisions are the breaking point
Lebow 97 (Cynthia C., Associate Dir – RAND, U. Tennessee Law Review, Spring, n162
If Congress may do this, … nothing is left but a gutted shell." 

Federalism solves ethnic conflict
Lawoti 09- Professor of Political Science at Western Michigan University (Mahendra, “Federalism for Nepal”, Telegraph Nepal, 3/18, http://www.telegraphnepal.com/backup/telegraph/news_det.php?news_id=5041)
Cross-national studies covering … whereas unitary structure may foster population movement.

Wins the util debate risk and long term impact
World Policy Journal March 22, 1999
"The defining mode of conflict ... Ethnicity, it seems, is the new, dominant causality.

Outweighs extinction
Claudia 3 Claudia Card, Genocide and Social Death Card, Claudia. Hypatia, Volume 18, Number 1, Winter 2003, pp. 63-79 (Article) Published by Indiana University Press
Genocide is not simply unjust … producing a consequent meaninglessness of one's life and even of its termination.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose MM | Judge: Michael Harris
A. Interpretation: On the compulsory voting topic, the aff must defend that voting ought to be compulsory in at least 1 democracy that currently has voluntary voting.
B. Violation:
C. Standards: 

1. Definition of ought:
   2. Topic education:
   3. Topic Lit:.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Meadows LS | Judge: Naila Dharani
USFG should create an Office of Voter Registration
Halperin 2000 (Jason, united states attorney's office for the southern district of new york) LexisNexis Summary of “A Winner At The Polls: A Proposal For Mandatory Voter Registration” 3 New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 69 AT
As we have seen, the United States is unique in having a system …, the OVR bill should have a provision calling for financial incentives for states that adopt the new registration system.

Is mutual exclusive, it allows citizens not to vote.
Halperin 2000 (Jason, united states attorney's office for the southern district of new york) LexisNexis Summary of “A Winner At The Polls: A Proposal For Mandatory Voter Registration” 3 New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 69 AT
Finally, another crucial provision of the OVR bill must be that a… This opt-out clause should satisfy any concerns about invasion of privacy. n295

Solvency: CP raises turnout
Halperin 2000 (Jason, united states attorney's office for the southern district of new york) LexisNexis Summary of “A Winner At The Polls: A Proposal For Mandatory Voter Registration” 3 New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 69 AT
When he cast his vote, Wolf was 235 miles from Earth. ..., a mandatory voter registration law would increase voter turnout dramatically.

allows citizens not to vote.
Halperin 2000 (Jason, united states attorney's office for the southern district of new york) LexisNexis Summary of “A Winner At The Polls: A Proposal For Mandatory Voter Registration” 3 New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 69 AT
Finally, another crucial provision of the OVR bill must be that … This opt-out clause should satisfy any concerns about invasion of privacy. n295

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mission San Jose MM | Judge: Michael Harris
Interpretation
A. Interp – Voting is defined as
The Free Dictionary. “vote”
Compulsory voting must include compulsion to cast a ballot for a valid candidate. It doesn’t include an option to cast a ballot for no one.
B. Violation – You defend an option for none of the above – that’s not a vote for a candidate
Bleys 11 “2011 Submission to JSCEM (Joint Sitting Committee on Electoral Matters) Re ‘None of the Above’ Campaign AT
As per the explanation from the …choice appears below:
More evidence – CV means a vote for one candidate.
Krishna and Morgan 12 Vijay Krishna and John Morgan ‘12, Department of Economics, Penn State University, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. “Voluntary Voting: Costs and Benefits”, May 21, 2012
We begin by examining equilibrium voting … the usual model studied in the literature.

Standards
Next is standards

1. Ground:
   2. Topic lit: “None of the above” does not match the ideological basis of CV – the idea of CV is to force a vote, not to express discontent.
   Saunders 10 Ben Saunders. University of Oxford. “Increasing Turnout: A Compelling Case?” POLITICS: 2010 VOL 30(1), 70–77. Political Studies Association AJ
   It may be objected … church in the hope that some will pray (Lever, 2008, p. 64).
   And, the card proves my ground claim, since authors IN THE LIT use none of the above as a way to get out of normal objections.
   Topic lit is key to fairness since it’s the only predictable basis for pre-round prep. 

DROP THE DEBATER
D. Fairness:
Competing interps on T –
A) it’s important to get the best definition of the topic – tournaments early in the topic set norms for the round – we should set good norms – good isn’t good enough.
B) Leads to race to the bottom – it allows affs to get away with farther and farther away from the topic, kills fairness
Dropping the debater deters since the debater’s incentive is to win – there’s still strategic incentive to run abuse as a time-suck or in case it isn’t found out – so dropping the argument never solves.
And – Game theory models show that punishment creates a fairer game overall, especially when replicated.
Brandt 03. H. Brandt, C. Hauert, and K. Sigmund.  "Punishment and Reputation in Spatial Public Goods Games."  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Biological Sciences. 2003. 270 (1099-1104).
The previous scenarios assumed … that invading defectors are reliably punished and quickly eliminated.
Prefer this argument: 

1. Carded evidence is better than blippy analytics made by high school debaters because the authors have background in argumentation and game theory.
   2. My opponent makes empirical claims without empirical warrants. Game theory scenarios verify analytical claims.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Marino NT | Judge: Mollie Cowger
Republicans do side with Obama to avoid government shutdown
CNN 2013 CNN, and#34;Obama: Republicans privately ‘agree’ with me,and#34; 8/23, http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/08/23/obama-knocks-congress-calls-for-bipartisanship/
President Barack Obama argued some … to surpass the limit sometime between mid-October and mid-November.

Congress will always oppose CV, will cost massive capitol.
Beinart 89 Peter A, Yale University, and#34;The Real American Voting Problem,and#34; Polity, Vol. 22(1), Autumn, p. 152
The more important reason that voting reform …if you won the game...why increase the size of the ball field.and#34;

Political capital is stretched
Kilgore 9/5 (Ed Kilgore is a contributing writer to the Washington Monthly. He is managing editor for The Democratic Strategist and a senior fellow at the Progressive Policy Institute) Obama’s “Political Capital” Political Animal, Sept 5 AT
An even hoarier meme than the no-win-war complaint is naturally emerging in Washington as everyone recalibrates his or her assumptions about how the year will end: Obama’s limited “political capital” that …self-destruction when he can. But he has no “political capital” to spend. 

Government shutdown kills economy
Rich 11 Motoko Rich, staff reporter at The Wall Street Journal and NYT “Government Shutdown Would Have Wide Ripples” NYT Apr 7, 2011 AT
It’s not just an estimated 800,000 federal employees who .. is, if there is a shutdown, it won’t last very long. And the stock market should have bigger things to worry about.” 

Extinction
Royal 10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense) “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises” Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the … prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 1 | Opponent: ALL | Judge: ALL
Email me if you want cites from this tournament or message me on Facebook.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Citrus Valley AL | Judge: Tim Alderete
I value morality. The standard is maximizing well-being.  
First, only consequences are able to be experienced
Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.”
Here is my (consequentialist) starting…states remain the foundation of all values.
That outweighs:
a. Experience precludes: epistemology only
b. Motivations: citizens will only obey perceived political government 

Second, Ethical uncertainty means we minimize extinction risk
Bostrom Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy (2012)
These reflections on moral…any existential catastrophe.

Third, Universizability means everyone’s preferences have equal weight
R. M. Hare Whiteand#39;s Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford from 1966 until 1983. “Universal Prescriptivism.” Originally published in Peter Singer, A Companion to Ethics (Blackwell Publishers, 1991) AJ
A possible move for one who is…Kant and the utilitarians are well aware.

Tournament: VBT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Los Altos SD | Judge: Michael Harris
Interpretation – Resolved means the affirmative must defend the implementation of a policy action by a government
Parcher 1 (Jeff, Fmr. Debate Coach at Georgetown University, February, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html)
(1) Pardon me if I turn to a … of 'yes' or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question.
Environmental protection refers to policies
Black’s Law no date “What is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION?” The Law Dictionary Featuring Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. AT
What is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION? …(3) where possible, repairing damage and reversing trends.
Under my interpretation we can still have debates about intentions and abstract moral theories, but the aff must also defend implementation-based answers as well.
2 Standards –

1. Debability:
    Plan debate is key to ground division – the terms in the topic are vague and can refer to a whole range of policies so a whole rez debate causes massive confusion over ground.
   Babb 13 (Stephen, debate coach) “Topic Analysis by Stephen Babb” Victory Topic Analysis: Jan-Feb 2014 AT
   From a practical standpoint, … it’s hard to argue the alternative is comparatively better for debate.
   2. Limits – my interp doesn’t exclude any ground but it allows for policies – that is key since:
   A) Prep
   B) Policymaking
   Harwood 5 (Karey, associate professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies) “Teaching Bioethics through Participation and Policy-Making” Essays on Teaching Excellence Toward the Best in the Academy Vol. 16, No. 4, 2004-2005 A publication of The Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education AT
   Teaching bioethics to undergraduate students in the …. s in medicine and biotechnology offer an abundance of ethical issues to debate. Teaching bioethics in the undergraduate setting is about paying attention to these debates and having a stake in their outcome.
   Education outweighs fairness – it’s the only thing we take away from debate – fairness won’t matter after we leave the activity. Prefer my carded evidence to their blippy analytics.
   Specifically true on this topic – debating it in the abstract destroys important education
   Babb 13 (Stephen, debate coach) “Topic Analysis by Stephen Babb” Victory Topic Analysis: Jan-Feb 2014 AT
   Despite the difficulties associated …  is how everyone else follows suit. 

Psychological evidence proves that human moral reasoning was never rational. Even judgments that appear rational are really just post-hoc rationalizations of our evolutionarily driven intuitions.
Joshua Greene (John and Ruth Hazel Associate Professor of the Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Harvard University.) Chapter 38: “The secret joke of Kant’s soul.” Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Shaun Nichols. “Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings.” Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, John Wiley and Sons, Nov 1, 2010. Print AJ
There is a substantial and growing ….  implications, casting doubt on deontology as a school of normative moral thought.

Consequentialism escapes the dilemma of evolutionary debunking since it is driven by cognitive value aggregation, instead of split-second emotional responses like deontology.
Joshua Greene (John and Ruth Hazel Associate Professor of the Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Harvard University.) Chapter 38: “The secret joke of Kant’s soul.” Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Shaun Nichols. “Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings.” Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, John Wiley and Sons, Nov 1, 2010. Print AJ
This hypothesis raises a further question. Why just deontology? … , I argue, that consequentialism is inescapably “cognitive.”
The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Two more warrants.
Simple perception tells us that pleasure is good and pain is bad – to deny the value of such judgments undermines the basis for any system of reasoning.
Nagel – Thomas Nagel. “The View from Nowhere”. Oxford University Press. 1986. pg 156-157
I shall defend the unsurprising claim that sensory …  There can be no reason to reject the appearances here.
No act omission distinction for states since their implicit approvals of actions still entail moral responsibility
Sunstein and Vermuele Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule. The University of Chicago Law School. “Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life?Life Tradeoffs.” JOHN M. OLIN LAW and ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER NO. 239. The Chicago Working Paper Series. March 2005 AJ
In our view, both the argument …  adequately or fully discourage it.

Resource extraction key to local survival and poverty alleviation.
Thondhlana 13 Thondhlana, Gladman, and Edwin Muchapondwa. Dependence on Environmental Resources and Implications for Household Welfare: Evidence from the Kalahari Drylands, South Africa. No. 370. 2013 AJ
Overall, environmental resources provide more … linkages between parks and their surroundings.
Empirics
Empirics confirm
López-Feldman 07, Alejandro, Jorge Mora, and J. Edward Taylor. "Does natural resource extraction mitigate poverty and inequality? Evidence from rural Mexico and a Lacandona Rainforest Community." Environment and Development Economics 12.02 (2007): 251-269
Our findings highlight … reduces the Gini coefficient by 0.36 and 0.11, respectively.
Poverty kills millions and outweighs nuclear war
Abu-Jamal 98 – Mumia Abu-Jamal, prominent social activist and author, quotes James Gilligan, American psychiatrist and author, director of mental health for the Massachusetts prison system, President of the International Association for Forensic Psychotherapy. (“A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” Al-Ahram Online Sept 19 1998, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/400/in5.htm Accessed 7/10/13 AT)
We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree…  of every decade, throughout the world.

Tournament: VBT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Eastside DD | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all cases, Disads, counterplans, kritiks, and theory shells on the National Debate Coaches Association 2013-2014 LD wiki. Disclosure means uploading tags, citations for every outside piece of evidence, and a minimum of the first 3 and last 3 words of each card. The disclosure must occur 24 hours after the position is broken.
Violation: I have a screenshot of my opponent’s wiki. They competed at X tournament but didn’t disclose.
Standards:

1. Resource equity: Educational benefits
   a. Research: Disclosure creates a high incentive to do deeper and more focused research, since debaters quickly learn the stock arguments and can do specific research that they know will be useful.
   Nails 13 Jacob Nails (Debate Coach, Sacret Heart HS). “A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure).” NSDUpdate. October 10th, 2013. http://nsdupdate.com/2013/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/ AJ
   I fall squarely on the …  jeopardized research, backfiles and briefs would have done LD in a long time ago.
   b. Disclosure de-incentivizes anti-educational arguments like spikes and tricks since debaters will know about the tricks before they’re made, and they’ll have more time to prep them out instead of having to figure it all out in prep time.
   c. Academic honesty: Disclosure de-incentivizes miscutting or exaggerating evidence since opponents will recut your evidence and call you out. That outweighs other academic benefits since it creates habits of honesty and retains the intellectual integrity of the activity. 

DA
Foreign investment and imports are the driving force of the Chinese economy
Yao et al 13 Yao, Limin, Chaobo Bao, and Junliang Yu. "Research on Economic Development Stage and Marginal Effects of Trade and FDI on Economic Growth in China." International Journal of Economics and Finance 5.11 (2013) AJ
There has a lot of literatures about trade, …  for policy adjustments and more effectively promote regional economic growth.

China economy is on the brink
BBC 9/11BBC News. “ Li Keqiang: China economy at crucial stage.” 11 September 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24047426 AJ
At the World Economic Forum in the … measures to address it in an orderly fashion. Here I can say with certainty that the situation is, on the whole, safe and manageable."
Continued Chinese economic strength is key to global economic strength.
Lin 11 Justin Yifu Lin (World Bank's chief economist and senior vice president for Development Economics). “Viewpoint: China, the 'leading dragon' of the world economy.” BBC News. 11/23/11. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15861161 AJ
Whether we are on the verge of … in the Chinese economy; however, it is almost inevitable given the growing relative strength of China in the multi-polar world.
Global Nuclear war---our impact has a strong statistical basis
Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214

Less intuitive is how periods of …  to an increase in the use of force. 

CP
A. the gov of the China should work with local communities to devise restrictions against emissions

Only the CP solves
Baragona 12 (steve, journalist; cites Indiana University political science professor Elinor Ostrom) “Study: Giving Local Fishermen Control Prevents Overfishing” Voice of America April 05 AT
Saving threatened coral ... However, McClanahan says, there is more to the story.

Applies in other shared resources
Baragona 12 (steve, journalist; cites Indiana University political science professor Elinor Ostrom) “Study: Giving Local Fishermen Control Prevents Overfishing” Voice of America April 05 AT
Not a panacea The study backs … communities can do a better job than governments at managing a common resource.

Tournament: VBT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Miramonte AB | Judge: Monica Amestoy
OOO

For the affirmative, the world is a textual object, full of signifiers, narratives, and discourses – the 1AC sees the world as a blank screen for us to write on---this creates a focus on how human subjects relate to the world and renders objects invisible
Bryant 12 (Levi, prof of phil @ Collin College, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/rsi-discursivity-critique-and-politics/)
So in response to a previous post, … entities that must travel throughout populations).

View the world through a lens of flat ontology, which holds that all objects equally exist
Bryant 10 (Levi, prof of phil @ Collin College, Flat Ontology, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2010/02/24/flat-ontology-2/)
For DeLanda, then, flat  … irreducible to anything else” (Irreductions, 1.1.1).

This flat ontology pays respect to the world of objects – it’s the most open form of ethics and solves extinction—its a prerequisite to all other ethics
Bryant 12 (Levi, prof of philosophy @ Collin College, Flat Ontology/Flat Ethics, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/06/01/flat-ontologyflat-ethics/)
I think that Eileen Joy, in a comment … taking into account our relationship to nonhumans. 

Finally, the kritik is a huge case turn – real social change comes from engaging the material world of objects, not the academic world of textual discourse – only a focus on objects can solve the aff
Bryant 12 (Levi, prof of phil @ Collin College, McKenzie Wark: How Do You Occupy an Abstraction?, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/08/04/mckenzie-wark-how-do-you-occupy-an-abstraction/) this evidence has been modified and we don’t endorse gendered language
Here I’m also inclined to say …  you need to locate.  I guess this post will get Homeland Security after me.

Wilderson K

Environmental antiblack racism is poisoning people of color
Bullard 02(Robert D Bullard Ph.D, Poverty, Pollution, and Environmental Racism: Strategies for Building Healthy and Sustainable Communities,Environmental Justice Center, Clark Atlanta University, http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html)
The United States is the dominant … to provide benefits for the countries in the North while shifting costs to countries in the South. 4
State action and institutional ethics makes anti-blackness worse - erases the exploitation of the black body
Wilderson, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2003 (Frank B. III “Introduction: Unspeakable Ethics” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Strucure of U.S. Antagonisms, Pg 15-16) GG
Regarding the Black position…  at the gates of Columbia University awaits an answer.
The world writ large and civil society are preconditioned on the destruction of the black positionality
Wilderson, Professor UCI, 2003 (Frank B., “The Prison Slave as Hegemony’s (Silent) Scandal”, Soc Justice 30 no2 2003, Accessed 8-4-12, MR)
There is something organic …  Black civic obligation, are oxymorons.
Addressing Anti-Blackness is a prioiri – scandalizes ethicality and sets the stage for all violnece
Wilderson, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2003 (Frank B. III “Chapter One: The Ruse of Analogy” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms,) GG
Two tensions are at work here. … eyes of the white man” (110) or, more precisely, in the eyes of Humanity
The alternative is to reject the affirmative and reorient ourselves towards the world through an unflinching paradigmatic analysis
Wilderson 10 Frank B. III, Ph.D., Associate Professor at UC Irvine, former ANC member, “on some guerilla shit”, Red, White and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, pages ix-x, OG
STRANGE AS it might seem, this book … Andile Mngxitama, Prishani Naidoo, John Shai, and S'bu Zulu

Open Forum CP

Opening up discussion in a forum is the only way to increase involvement inside and outside of the debate community to foster improvement
Atchison and Panetta, 09 (Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)

In addition to coaches and debaters, …  in opposition to the activist program?

Attempting to create change within a debate round generate backlash
Atchison and Panetta, 09 (Jarrod Atchison, Phd Rhetoric University of Georgia, Assistant Professor and Director of debate at Wake Forest University, and Edward Panetta, Phd Rhetoric Associate Professor University of Pitt and Director of Debate at Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication, Historical Developments and Issues for the Future, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed. (Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc., 2009) p. 317-334)

If the debate community is .... Both extremes replicate the education versus competition tension that has been a part of the debate community

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Marino NT | Judge: Mollie Cowger
Counterplan Text: The USFG should remove the repeal on the Voting Rights Act.
Reily and Knafo 13Ryan J, C.-based reporter who covers the Justice Department and the Supreme Court for The Huffington Post. He has covered federal law enforcement and legal news since 2009, previously reporting for Talking Points Memo and MainJustice.com Saki General Assignment Writer, has written for The New York Times Magazine, New York Magazine, the Believer, GQ, Details, and Publishers Weekly. His work has appeared in two anthologies, Lost and Found: Stories from New York “North Carolina Voting Laws Could Hinge On Evidence Of Racism” 08/06/2013
The answer could determine the future of North Carolina’s voting laws. … a key provision of the landmark Voting Rights Act.