Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Law Magnet DD | Judge: Neil Conrad
The value is morality because ought entails a moral obligations. 

Moral judgment cannot be guided by empathy; a flaw util misses Bloom writes, 

“The Baby in the Well” Paul Bloom (Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University) May 20th, 2013 http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2013/05/20/130520crat_atlarge_bloom?printable=trueandcurrentPage=all#ixzz2ca5pp3qJ D.L. 

This enthusiasm may...have a future.

The standard is maximizing the protection rights defined as ends not means prefer it

1) All policy-makers must regulate third party action
) Consequentialism is the only non-arbitrary ethical system
3) Prefer util on a theoretical level
4) Policy-making must be ends-based since side constraints make it impossible to weigh the tradeoffs 

Advantage  1 is Voter Turnout. 

A. Compulsory voting increases voter turnout Brookie 8, 

James Harrison Brookie August 2008 “THE EFFECT OF COMPULSORY VOTING LAWS ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING” Pages 1-30 8/17/13 SH

Lijphart goes into...the compulsory law.

B. Low Voter turnout has 5 impacts, Lijphart
Lijphart, Arend (Research Professor of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA). “Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 91, No. 1. Pp 1-14. March 1997
Low voter turnout...objections to it. 

Advantage 2 is Soft Power 

A. US soft power on decline we need high voter turnout to get the house in order this functions as uniqueness and link Neu 

Richard Neu  Richard Neu is a senior economist at RAND. He served for three years as the founding director of the RAND-Qatar Policy Institute, in Doha, Qatar B.S. in economics, California Institute of Technology; Ph.D. in economics, Harvard University; M.A. in economics, Harvard University February 8, 2013“U.S. 'Soft Power' Abroad Is Losing Its Punch” US News 9/4/13 SH
The way America...decline yet further.
.
Low voter turnout is seen poorly around the world where as high voter turnout and a vibrant democracy has the highest global status Ernst and Young 12, 

Ernst and Young Ernst and Young is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services “Rapid –growth  Markets  Soft Power Index” Spring 2012 http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Rapid-growth_markets_soft_power_index:_Spring_2012/$FILE/softpowerindex.pdf Page 8 SH 9/4/13

Voter turnout is...soft power areas

AND, the brink is now.  Our voter turnout has been on a slow decline, but if other nations saw our off-year turnout, those kind of low numbers are what are shamed and rejected on the international arena like through Egypt, Brookie,
James Harrison Brookie August 2008 “THE EFFECT OF COMPULSORY VOTING LAWS ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING” Pages 1-30 8/17/13 SH

The second problem...in the 1990’s (Lijphart, 1997 

C. Soft Power is key to manage global crises Harme 7,
CSIS COMMISSION ON SMART POWER:A smarter, more secure America, 2007. Forward: restoring America’s Inspirational Leadership, by John J. Hamre. http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4156/type,1/

Of course, we...certain to arise. 

D. The lack of a strong US presence will cause power conflicts that escalate into nuclear wars. Kagan 7, Kagan, 7 (Robert, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Policy Review, August/Sept, “End of Dreams, Return of History”)

If the world...an easier path.

E.  Any use of nuclear weapons will escalate and cause extinction Larry
Founder of NZ Nuclear-Free Peacemaking Association  Larry, “RACING TOWARD EXTINCTION,” Dec 10, http://nuclearfree.lynx.co.nz/racing.htm  

We have greatly...escalation would follow. 

Contention 3 is Homicides 

A. Socio-economic status indicates how you vote, the least well off don’t get a voice,  Lipheart
Arend Lijphart, University of California @ San Diego, 1997, "Unequal Participation: Democracy's Unresolved Dilemma," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 91 (1), March, p. 1

Political equality and...and blocking traffic (Marsh and Kaase 1979, 100, 112-26).

B. Compulsory voting closes the SES gap, it is empirically verified, Hill 4,

Lisa Hill   Senior Research Fellow, Politics Discipline, School of History and Politics, University of Adelaide.   2004 “ COMPULSORY VOTING IN AUSTRALIA: A BASIS FOR A 'BEST PRACTICE' REGIME “Federal Law Review Volume 32 Page 480-495 SH 8/19/13

Aside from its...Liberal-National Coalition.37 

C. A large income gap has empirically been shown to correlate with an increase in homicide. Kawachi ‘99

The present analysis...cities or counties

D. As unequal distribution becomes worse, homicide rate increase worldwide Johnson ‘12
The results were...are inextricably tied. 

AD 4 Global Warming

Global Warming happening now—greenhouse gases prove. Mulvaney 13,
KIERAN MULVANEY, WRITER FOR DISCOVERY CHANNEL, “10 Signs Climate Change Is Already Happening” 4/22/13

There is no...thus enhancing warming.

If turnout increases, so does the politically left votes. Lijphart 98,

Arend Lijphart, political science professor at the University of California, “The Problem of Low and Unequal Voter Turnout – and What We Can Do About It” 1998

The strongest evidence...increase in turnout. 

Increased turnout means working class votes—Australia proves. Fowler last month, 

Fowler, Anthony. Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. “Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout: Evidence from Compulsory Voting in Australia” Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2013, 8: 159–182. http://conferences.wcfia.harvard.edu/files/westminster_model_democracy/files/fowler_compulsoryvoting.pdf

Democracy’s unresolved dilemma...the political process.

Democrats platform key to solve climate change and global warming—Republicans are vehemently against it. Huffington Post 2012,
The Huffington Post, “Democratic Party Platform: Climate Change Challenges And Other Environmental Issues Addressed” 2012 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/04/democratic-party-platform-climate-change-environment_n_1854579.html

In addressing foreign....to foreign aggression."

Gap between Republicans and Democrats is wide on the issue of global warming. Watts 11,
Anthony Watts, citing Aaron M. McCright sociology professor at MSU, “Democrats and Republicans increasingly divided over global warming”2011

EAST LANSING, Mich. — Despite the....problems of our time.”

Warming from fossil fuels causes extinction. Tickell 08,
Tickell 8 (Oliver, Environmental Researcher, The Guardian, August 11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange, accessed 6-23-11)

We need to get...similar hothouse Earth

Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Travis Chen | Judge: Boyd, Evnen
Moral judgment cannot be guided by empathy; a flaw consequentialism misses Bloom writes, 

“The Baby in the Well” Paul Bloom (Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University) May 20th, 2013 http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2013/05/20/130520crat_atlarge_bloom?printable=trueandcurrentPage=all#ixzz2ca5pp3qJ D.L.

This enthusiasm may...to have a future.

Moreover, Consequentialism is the only non-arbitrary ethical system because all others wrongly prioritize one’s good over the good of others. Lillehammer,  

Lilliehammer 11. Hallvard, Faculty of Philosophy Cambridge University, “Consequentialism and global ethics.” Forthcoming in M. Boylan, Ed., Global Morality and Justice: A Reader, Westview Press, Online, http://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/teaching_staff/lillehammer/Consequentialism_and_Global_Ethics-1-2.pdf

Contemporary discussions of...with those principles.

Compulsory voting and the question of resolution resonates on the idea of what promotes most utility, Hill 

Lisa Hill Australian National University “On the Reasonableness of Compelling Citizens to ‘Vote’: the Australian Case” POLITICAL STUDIES: 2002 VOL 50, 80–101 SH 8/19/13

An important effect of...are securely in place.
Advantage 1 is voter turnout.

A. Compulsory voting increases voter turnout about 10, Brookie 8,
James Harrison Brookie August 2008 “THE EFFECT OF COMPULSORY VOTING LAWS ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING” Pages 1-30 8/17/13 SH

Lijphart goes into detail...of the compulsory law.

B. Comparatively, compulsion violating personal freedom is outweighed by the increase of other important ideals increase with Compulsory Voting, which are central to a democracy, Hill 2,
Lisa Hill Australian National University “On the Reasonableness of Compelling Citizens to ‘Vote’: the Australian Case” POLITICAL STUDIES: 2002 VOL 50, 80–101 SH 8/19/13
It must be acknowledged...whether or not to participate.

C. Only if we ensure that we are a true democracy will we be able to stop mass human rights abuses.  The promotion of democracy through compulsory voting will increase legitimacy in governments. Diamond :

Nuclear, chemical and...of their environments. 

Advantage 2 is Soft power
A. US soft power is on the decline, and the way to solve it is to get our house in order and solving inequality by increasing voter turnout, the best way to ensure equality of all and a legitimate house, this functions as both uniqueness and a link, Neu 2/8,
Richard Neu  Richard Neu is a senior economist at RAND. He served for three years as the founding director of the RAND-Qatar Policy Institute, in Doha, Qatar B.S. in economics, California Institute of Technology; Ph.D. in economics, Harvard University; M.A. in economics, Harvard University February 8, 2013“U.S. 'Soft Power' Abroad Is Losing Its Punch” US News 9/4/13 SH
The way America flexes it economic muscle around the world is changing dramatically—and not necessarily for the better.  In 1997, facing a wave of sovereign debt defaults, the International Monetary Fund asked its member states to pledge lines of credit to support Fund rescue efforts.
decline yet further.

B. Low voter turnout is seen poorly in the eyes of the international arena whereas high voter turnout and a vibrant democracy has the highest global status and integrity, Ernst and Young 12,

Ernst and Young Ernst and Young is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and advisory services “Rapid –growth  Markets  Soft Power Index” Spring 2012 http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Rapid-growth_markets_soft_power_index:_Spring_2012/$FILE/softpowerindex.pdf Page 8 SH 9/4/13

Voter turnout is...soft power areas.

AND, the brink is now.  Our voter turnout has been on a slow decline, but if other nations saw our off-year turnout, those kind of low numbers are what are shamed and rejected on the international arena like through Egypt, Brookie,
James Harrison Brookie August 2008 “THE EFFECT OF COMPULSORY VOTING LAWS ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING” Pages 1-30 8/17/13 SH
The second problem...1990’s (Lijphart, 1997 

C. Soft Power is key to manage global crises Harme 7,
CSIS COMMISSION ON SMART POWER:A smarter, more secure America, 2007. Forward: restoring America’s Inspirational Leadership, by John J. Hamre. http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4156/type,1/

Of course, we...almost certain to arise

nuclear wars. Kagan 7, Kagan, 7 (Robert, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Policy Review, August/Sept, “End of Dreams, Return of History”)
If the world...an easier path.

E.  Any use of nuclear weapons will escalate and cause extinction.
Founder of NZ Nuclear-Free Peacemaking Association  Larry, “RACING TOWARD EXTINCTION,” Dec 10, http://nuclearfree.lynx.co.nz/racing.htm  
We have greatly...escalation would follow. 

Advantage 3 is homicides.
A. Socio-economic status indicates how you vote, the least well off don’t get a voice,  Lipheart
Arend Lijphart, University of California @ San Diego, 1997, "Unequal Participation: Democracy's Unresolved Dilemma," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 91 (1), March, p. 1
Political equality and...blocking traffic (Marsh and Kaase 1979, 100, 112-26).

B. Compulsory voting closes the SES gap, it is empirically verified, Hill 4,

Lisa Hill   Senior Research Fellow, Politics Discipline, School of History and Politics, University of Adelaide.   2004 “ COMPULSORY VOTING IN AUSTRALIA: A BASIS FOR A 'BEST PRACTICE' REGIME “Federal Law Review Volume 32 Page 480-495 SH 8/19/13

Aside from its ability 

C. A large income gap has empirically been shown to correlate with an increase in homicide. Kawachi ‘99

The present analysis failed....cities or counties.

D. As unequal distribution becomes worse, homicide rate increase worldwide Johnson ‘12
The results were...are inextricably tied.

Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Rebecca Gelfer | Judge: Fink, Kassam
Ethics devolve to the individual perspective since people constantly gain new knowledge, making their perspective the most indicative of truth

Anker, (Michael Anker, PhD Dissertation “The Ethics of Uncertainty: Aporetic Openings”, Atropos Press, 2009. Pg 25)

As mentioned and...uncertainty of an  indeterminate 

And, disagreement plagues objectivist systems of morality or justice since there’s no way to resolve differences, so evaluation devolves to the first person

McGrath, (Sarah McGrath, Moral Disagreement and Moral Expertise, http://www.princeton.edu/~smcgrath/moraldisagreement.pdf)

In some ways,...as obviously correct. 

In order to reconcile our subjective beliefs, we must look towards community desires. In a first person world, community is epistemologically most likely to be true and key to identity construction.

Christiano, (Thomas Christiano. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Jul 27, 2006. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democracy/#NonInsVal Democracy)

Two kinds of... and unreflective subjects.

the standard is consistency with communal norms

I advocate only continuing compulsory voting in Australia and will only defend disadvantages to Australia. 

Australians like compulsory voting a lot Harvard Law Review
“The Case for Compulsory Voting in the United States” Harvard Law Review Vol. 121 No. 2 (Dec., 2007) pp.591-612, The Harvard Law Review Association, D.L. 

Australia has the... showed 74 per cent

First, presume aff
Second CX checks
Third RVIs
Fourth Converse 

Next, A. Interpretation: The negative must concede that standard and debate under it.

Tournament: berk | Round: 2 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
Because we should do moral things, I value morality. However, morality is vague, there is no single conception of what is good, MacIntyre explains:

“For I am neve
inhabits these roles
Everyone is different and has a different conception of good; for instance, what I think is good may be radically different from what they or you yourselves enjoy doing. These goods are all contingent on our identity, which is derivative of our community, MacIntyre 2:

“As such, I
would otherwise do.”
Second, resource extraction is an integral part of a community’s history, Reed:

Darryl Reed, “Resource Extraction Industries in Developing Countries,” Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 39, No. 3, Sep., 2002

“Resource extraction industries
industrial revolution).”

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Neel Yernai | Judge: Overing, Trippe, Bietz
Analysis: Are India and Pakistan headed for war?
Jason OverdorfAugust 15, 2013 09:24 http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/war/conflict-zones/130814/analysis-are-india-and-pakistan-headed-war

NEW DELHI, India —
concern about further escalation, both Washington and the UN have appealed for calm.

Compulsory voting key to meaningful democratic transition. Yamin writes, 

Saira Yamin, writer for International Herald Tribune, “The case for compulsory voting” 2012

In Pakistan, voter
its interests well.

Ensuring high voter turnout and a more stable democracy will improve Indo-Pakistani relations, Ahmad and Elbert 13,
Ishtiaq Ahmad and Hannes Ebert June 19, 2013 “Democracy and Foreign Policy Persistence: Why Pakistan’s India strategy under Nawaz Sharif may not see a paradigm shift” http://politicsinspires.org/democracy-and-foreign-policy-persistence-why-pakistans-india-strategy-under-nawaz-sharif-may-not-cause-a-paradigm-shift/ 9/20/13 SH

Pakistan’s current domestic
army’s tacit approval.

Indo-Pakistan war goes nuclear.
Weitz 10 Richard, writes a weekly column on Asia-Pacific strategic and security issues. He is director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis and a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute, The Diplomat, South Asia’s Nuclear War Risk
July 12, 2010, http://the-diplomat.com/2010/07/12/south-asiae28099s-nuclear-war-risk/4/?print=yes

Yet even setting
perhaps nuclear war.

Tournament: berk | Round: 1 | Opponent: harker | Judge: -
Morality is about our reasons for action, and utilitarianism is entailed by the very definition of a reason. Smith
Michael Smith Professor of Philosophy, Princeton, “Two Kinds of Consequentialism,” Philosophical Issues 19 (2009).
The first part
guess as to why not.   
Although, General utilitarianism is prone to abuse since there may be unjustifiable interpretation of what constitutes “the good,” especially in terms of the law. Rawls

John Rawls  writes:

On the other
not be justified
Thus, the AC framework is a pre-req because it is specific to political philosophy as the actor of the resolution is the state, and has to think of its citizens. The remaining question is which goods we ought to promote. Whatever our conception of the good, we ought to promote freedom as non-domination. Thus making it the best rule Pettit writes,
Philip Pettit Professor of Politics, Princeton, Republicanism, Oxford 1997.
This point is easily
a primary good
Thus, the standard is maximizing the conception of the good as non-domination to promote freedom, which comes before all other standards Petro,
Sylvester Petro, professor of law at Wake Forest, Spring 1974, Toledo Law Review, p480

However, one may
with undying spirit
First is state corruption.
.  Colgan writes, 

Colgan, Jeff. Petro Aggression: When Oil Causes War. N.p.: Cambridge, 2013. Print.
Corruption is endemic
their won pockets.
B) Empirically verified
Colgan 2,
Colgan, Jeff. Petro Aggression: When Oil Causes War. N.p.: Cambridge, 2013. Print.
The mix of
Rummel,

Rummel, RJ. “Power Kills: Genocide and Mass Murder.”  "Power, Genocide and Mass Murder," Journal of Peace Research 31 (no.1, 1994): 1-10. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/POWER.ART.HTM#.

This is a report
power kills absolutely
Second, is democracy.
A. Currently, developing countries that are either dependent on resources or are rich in resources are empirically proven to be less democractic, multiple warrants. Prefer this evidence because it’s empirical, Humphreys et al, 

Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz  “Introduction  What Is the Problem with Natural Resource Wealth?” http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/erc01.pdf 12/5/13 SH

The adverse political
for democratization elsewhere.
B. Is the link. The repression effect leads states to be authoritarian. Multiple warrants for why resource-rich states decrease their democratic values and others.  Ross, 

MICHAEL L. ROSS*  “DOES OIL HINDER DEMOCRACY? “ Project Muse http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/exed/sites/ldf/Academic/Ross20-20Does20Oil20Hinder20Democracy.pdf 12/5/13 SH
A close reading of case
civil war more likely
And, Environment and democracies are inextricably tied, multiple warrants. Walker, 

P.A. Walker Department of Geography, University of Oregon,  Political Geography 18 (1999) 257–284 http://geography.uoregon.edu/walker/Democracy20and20Environment.pdf 12/29/13 SH

frequently identified. First
C. is the impact  Democracy is key non domination, it opposes things that have a dominate mindset like terrorism, and authoritarian governments Diamond writes, 

(Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution senior fellow, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, December 1995, A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm)

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. In the former Yugoslavia nationalist aggression tears at the stability of Europe and could easily spread. The flow of illegal drugs intensifies through increasingly powerful international crime syndicates that have made common cause with authoritarian regimes and have utterly corrupted the institutions of tenuous, de
prosperity can be built.
Next, is the underview. First, presume aff
Permissibility flows aff

Tournament: berk | Round: 4 | Opponent: harker | Judge: Aaron, Timmons

1. Naturalism. 

A. Normative statements are constrained by context – our context is facts of the natural world.  Naturalism, therefore is the only standard acceptable to generate ethics. Smith.

Smith, Michael.  Ethics and the A Priori: Selected Essays on Moral Psychology And Meta-Ethics. Cambridge University Press. Michael Smith is Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. 2004.
Torturing babies is
of empirical science

B.  The mental states of pleasure and pain are objective goods that should be respectively maximized and minimized, because any view that rejects their intrinsic worth would be a rejection of our subjective experience. Thomas Nagel writes,

Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere, HUP, 1986: 156-168.
I shall defend the unsurprising clai
reject the appearances here.
.  Diamond extraction fuels civil wars and gross human rights abuses, this functions as both uniqueness as well as a link, Gerstein and Grossberg 1,
Beth Gerstein and Eric Grossberg “Violence” http://www.brilliantearth.com/confict-diamond-trade/ 12/6/13 SH
Diamonds are supposed
not officially at war.
And, it’s not just limited to diamonds, rebels use “conflict minerals” to fuel more wars.  This means the aff solves the issues of any resource being used to fuel wars, Armstrong 1,
Paul Armstrong, May 16, 2012 “How diamonds fuel Africa's conflicts” http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/26/world/africa/blood-diamonds/ 12/6/13 SH
No. According to Global Witness
this rogue trade.

And, environmental concerns and diamond mining are in conflict. Environmental policies would shut down mining,  Gerstein and Grossberg 2,
Beth Gerstein and Eric Grossberg “Violence” http://www.brilliantearth.com/confict-diamond-trade/ 12/6/13 SH
Due to inadequate planning
water-borne diseases.

?
Diamonds Advantage (2/2)
B. Even a small number of wars ended or prevented outweighs the AC because of the magnitude of deaths from civil war. Thyne,
“Cheap Signals with Costly Consequences: THE EFFECT OF INTERSTATE RELATIONS ON CIVILWAR.” Clayton Thyne Department of Political Science, University of Iowa. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 50, No. 6 (Dec., 2006), pp. 937-961. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27638532.

The terrible consequences
relations, if any, matter
And, civil war causes long term humanitarian impacts. Russett et al write,

“Civil Wars Kill and Maim People—Long after the Shooting Stops.” Hazem Ghobarah, Harvard University; Paul Huth, University of Michigan; Bruce Russett, Yale University. American Political Science Review, 2003. Google Scholar. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=onlineandaid=152166.

Civil wars kill and maim people. That is hardly surprising. But it is not simply a matter of direct war casualties during the conflict. Civil
economic growth (Murdoch and Sandler 2002).
Finally, war invigorates the very foundation of violence in society, threatening the end of civilization. Also the root cause to all of your impacts, Levy and Sidel

Levy, Barry (Adjunct Prof. Community Health at Tufts U School of Medicine, former medical epidemiologist for the Centers for Disease Control) and Victor Sidel (Prof. of Social Medicine at the Albert Einstein Medical College, epidemiology and biostatistics at Harvard Medical School). “War and Public Health.” 2007. p. ix.  

War accounts for
of our civilization
A. East Asia is on the brink of war. Nakamura 12/4,
David Nakamura David Nakamura , was part of a team that uncovered high levels of lead contamination in D.C. tap water, a series that won the 2005 Selden Ring Award for investigative reporting. He has reported from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Japan. Dec 4, 2013  “Biden opens visit to China aimed at easing tensions in Northeast Asia” WashPost http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/biden-opens-visit-to-china-aimed-at-easing-tensions-in-northeast-asia/2013/12/04/b9466ec2-5cbf-11e3-bc56-c6ca94801fac_story.html 12/28/13 SH
BEIJING — Vice President Biden
in the region,” Biden said
B. China/Japan conflicts are fueled by rare earth metals, Klabin.
?Roy Klabin, “The Coming Resource Wars Between America, China, and Japan”. Policy Mic, March 28, 2013 http://www.policymic.com/articles/31361/the-coming-resource-wars-between-america-china-and-japan. ?

While China’s sociopathic
of energy for the country.
C. War is extremely likely over which country has access to seaboard resources. Hsiung.
James C. Hsiung, Professor, New York University.  “Sea Power, Law of the Sea, and China-Japan East China Sea "Resource War"”. Forum on China and the Sea Institute of Sustainable Development? Macao University of Science and Technology October 9-11, 2005.
Fourth, in the age
times (since the 16th century).
D. The push for environmental protection alleviates the winner-loser scenario between China/Japan.  Affirming solves any chance of conflict, Weston
Stephanie A. Weston Professor, Faculty of Law, Fukuoka University “Sino-Japanese Environmental Cooperation towards a New Constructive Partnership” 12/28/13 SH

Finally, China and
to the next level
E. War goes nuclear and the brink is now, Goldstein.
Avery Goldstein, David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations and Director of the Center for the Study of Contemporary China at the University of Pennsylvania.  “China’s Real and Present Danger: Now Is the Time for Washington to Worry”. High Beam Business http://business.highbeam.com/409744/article-1G1-348568634/china-real-and-present-danger-now-time-washington-worry  12/28/13 SH
Much of the debate
administration's "pivot,"
And, I outweigh on probability, more brink evidence, Moss.
1Trefor Moss 17 January, 2013 “High-stakes stand-off between Japan and China won't come to war” http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1129510/high-stakes-stand-between-japan-and-china-wont-come-war?page=all 12/28/13 SH
Let's spare a moment
just melted down.
Advantage 3 is Afghan mining
A. Resource extraction exacerbates Afghan instability; it causes conflict and corruption. Empirically proven, Behzan.
Frud Bezhan , “Mineral Wealth Could Harm, Not Aid, Afghanistan's Future”. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, October 2, 2013. http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan-mining-industry-oil-resources-economy/25124104.html. 

But the country's
contract there's room
space for corruption."

B. Prioritizing environmental protection solves- pacifies local conflicts and minimizes corruption. Brown and Blankenship,?
Oli Brown and Erin Blankenship , “Natural Resource Management and Peacebuilding in Afghanistan”. United Nations Environment Programme, May 2013. http://www.unep.org/disastersandconflicts/portals/155/countries/Afghanistan/pdf/UNEP_Afghanistan_NRM.pdf.
Mining is tied to, and can impact, many of the nat- ural resource challenges already discussed in this report, particularly those relating to land and water . Mining, a
represent their own concerns
C. Afghanistan instability creates nuclear war. Starr.

?Starr, 1 (December 13, Chair of Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at John Hopkins University, “The War Against Terrorism and U.S. Bilateral Relations with the Nations of Central Asia,” Testimony before Senate Subcommittee on Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus)?

All of the Central
the U.S. cannot ignore