Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 9 | Opponent: Harker | Judge:
Only a constitutivist account of moral motivation provides agents with non-optional reasons for acting. Katsafanas:
 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC.  Boston University: 2011.

Enter a third...is an agent

Your Intent and your constitutive aim, not desire, provides the necessary unity of movement in an action. Rodl 2000 writes
Rödl, Sebastian. Self-Consciousness, Harvard University Press, 2000

Calculation from desire...be doing B

The Rest of the framework and the Contention are analytic.

Tournament: CPS | Round: 6 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Analytic framework.

Morality must be inescapable. Joyce:
Joyce, Richard. Myth of Morality. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p 31.

moral inescapability is...in later chapters

Evolution causes people to overconsume and damage the environment. Overconsumption of showy products is derived from the evolutionary impulse to be extravagant to attract mates. Penn 03:
Dustin J. Penn, Konrad Lorenz Institute of comparative Ethology, (September 2003), the Quarterly Review of Biology, THE EVOLUTIONARY ROOTS OF OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: TOWARD A DARWINIAN ECOLOGY, (http://web.mit.edu/jjay/Public/Penn-EvolutionaryRoots-QRB-Sep2003.pdf)

We humans especially...a mature science.

Tournament: CPS | Round: 3 | Opponent: many | Judge: many
Only a constitutivist account of moral motivation provides agents with non-optional reasons for acting. Katsafanas:
 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC.  Boston University: 2011.

Enter a third...is an agent

A right to ourselves necessarily includes a right to property. Locke :
Locke, John. Chapter 5 On Property. Two Treatises on Government (16-8-1690).  http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/locke/loc-205.htm

Though the earth...common for others.

Environmental protection is inconsistent with property rights. Feser:
 http://www.iep.utm.edu/nozick/#SH2a EdwardFeserEmail: edwardfeser@hotmail.comPasadena City College U. S. A.

So far this...their own property

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cameron Cohen | Judge:
First, the affirmative presumes agency on the part of the state itself. The state is only a metaphysical collection of phenomena. The law is just a structural effect under the subheading of the state and the state which has no determinate agency and is not actual actor that could execute the ought of the resolution. Mitchell 91:
Mitchell, Timothy. “The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics” from The American Political Science Review, Vol. 85, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 77-96
The state needs...these structural effects.

Second, considering the law as the product of determinate and reasoned agency masks its real creation and creates a pathological preference for more law all the time. The affirmative mandates more law based on the presumption of agency washed of reality and misapplies agency to the state. Schlag 98:
Schlag 98 (Pierre Schlag, Byron White Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Colorado School of Law, 1998, "The Enchantment of Reason")
In this habit...official legal apparatus).

Third, the criminal justice system is incoherent – there are too many individual actors with too many motivations.  Frase 1:
Frase, Richard S. and Robert R. Weidner http://law.jrank.org/pages/858/Criminal-Justice-System.html Criminal Justice System - Structural And Theoretical Components Of Criminal Justice Systems, The Systems In Operation, The Importance Of Viewing Criminal Justice As A System
The notion of...revocation, prison discipline, etc.)

Fourth, the statement that the state can figure out what is true or not gives the state agency since it gives it the ability to determine what is true and what is not. The ability to determine the truth necessitates agency.

Fifth, misapplying agency to the state legitimates all violent encounters of the state, including those the AC tries to prevent.  I control the root cause to everything the AC tries to mitigate.  Bleiker 2k:
Bleiker 00 (Roland Bleiker, Professor of International Relations at University of Queensland, Australia, 2000, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, "Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics")
To expand the...for violent encounters.

Sixth, this is part of a larger regime that creates the violent arrangements in the affirmative impacts. They engage in the legitimating process of state violence, and their mistake makes the calculus of agency impossible and false. McKenna 92:
McKenna 92, Andrew J. Violence and Difference: Girard, Derrida, and Deconstruction. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1992. Print. 161-162
In a prize-winning...instructional and constabulary.

Seventh, genocide goes beyond physical death to destroy the very fabric of social existence that makes life worth living and death bearable—social death outweighs. Card 03:
Emma Card, Goldman Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, 2003 Claudia, "Genocide and Social Death,"  Hypatia 18.1 (2003) 63-79, project muse
Genocide is not...of its termination.

Eighth is the role of the ballot.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 7 | Opponent: Srikar | Judge:
Constituvism is true.
  Geach, P.T. “Good and Evil.”

this sort of...or the like

the way of referring to an agent determines the relevant ethic under constituvism.

Robertson, Teresa, "Essential vs. Accidental Properties", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), 

the added phrase...taller than whom

Analytic contention

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Increased coherence implies better justification and higher probability of truth—the witness case proves. Murphy:
Murphy, Peter (University of Indianapolis). Coherentism in Epistemology. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. October 15, 2006. http://www.iep.utm.edu/coherent/

In an analysis...produce justified beliefs

Util’s most coherent. We all value happiness. Sayre McCord writes
  Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey, “Mill's "Proof" of the Principle of Utility: A More than Half-Hearted Defense.” UNC/Chapel Hill: Social Philosophy and Policy, vol. 18, no. 2; Spring 2001, p. 330-360.

According to the...all the rest

Moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first even under non-consequentalist ethical frameworks.
Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University  Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor

These reflections on...lot of value

Util is most specific to the government’s obligations. Woller 97:
Gary Woller, June 1997 (BYU Prof.), “An Overview by Gary Woller”, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, pg. 10/

Appeals to a...in a democracy

Our court system is perceived as legitimate now
Rosenberg, 09
(Gerald N. Rosenberg, Prof. of Political Science and law, University of Chicago, “CAN COURTS GENERATE SOCIAL CHANGE?” 2009  epstein.law.northwestern.edu/research/supctLawRosenberg.doc)
Underlying this question. . . pricking powerful consciences.”...

 To prioritize truth-seeking over ACP would require a court decision, as ACP is considered a substantive right. But ACP has been the precedent for hundreds of years—it has been treated as a foundational right of the accused by common law and the Supreme Court, which means the aff would make our legal system look absurd.
Bondi ’10 (Bradley J. counsel to a commissioner at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law Center and George Mason University School of Law, “No Secrets Allowed: Congress’s Treatment and Mistreatment of the Attorney-Client Privilege and the Work-Product Protection in Congressional Investigations and Contempt Proceedings”, Journal of Law and Politics, March 8 2010, http://www.cadwalader.com/uploads/books/3013d7d8852bb88ae77028a9bc31cb5c.pdf)
The attorney-client privilege . . . half his case.”16  

C) Overturning precedent politicizes the court, crushing legitimacy
Yoo ‘1 (Yoo 2k1, James, Professor, Law at University of California, berkely, and bush’s Lapdog, “In Defense of the Courts’ Legitimacy, 68 U Chi. L. Rev. 775, Proquest, http://www.lexisnexis.com:80/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=trueandrisb=21_T6897594105andformat=GNBFIandsort=nullandstartDocNo=1andresultsUrlKey=29_T6897594116andcisb=22_T6897594115andtreeMax=trueandtreeWidth=0andcsi=7358anddocNo=1)
How does the. . . follow principled rules.

D) Transitions are coming now and other nations look to the US as a model—US Court legitimacy is the critical factor in ensuring these nations grow into democracies
Suto ‘11, Research Associate at Tahrir Institute and J.D.  
07/15/11, Ryan Suto is a Research Associate at Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, has degrees in degrees in law, post-conflict reconstruction, international relations and public relations from Syracuse Law, “Judicial Diplomacy: The International Impact of the Supreme Court”, http://jurist.org/dateline/2011/07/ryan-suto-judicial-diplomacy.php
The Court is. . . not be wasted.

E) Democracy is key to prevent nuclear war, eco-system collapse, and extinction.
Diamond ‘95
(Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution senior fellow, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, December 1995, A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm)
OTHER THREATS This . . . can be built.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Taylor NY | Judge: Scoggin
A: Uniqueness:

Nuclear power is spreading worldwide. Daly 13:
John Daly, chief analyst for Oilprice.com, Dr. Daly received his Ph.D. in 1986 from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. While at the Central Asia-CaucasusInstitute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, where he is currently a non-resident scholar, in 199 he founded The Cyber-Caravan, which continues today under the title,The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst. He subsequently served as Director of Programs at the Middle East Institute in Washington DC before joining UPI as International Correspondent, Dr. Daly’s work has appeared in appeared in Jamestown's Spotlight on Terror, Eurasia Daily Monitor, China Brief and Terrorism Monitor, along with Jane's Defense Group's Intelligence Watch Report, Jane's Intelligence Review, Terrorism Watch Report, Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor and Islamic Affairs Analyst, Caspian Crossroads, ISN and the Christian Science Monitor. During 2003=-2006 Dr. Daly was a contributing editor for Vanity Fair on terrorism.  Dr. Daly has been a commentator on current events for CNN, the Hudson Institute, the Middle East Institute, National Public Radio, Al-Arabiya, Press TV and Radio Free Asia, among others, Daly is currently President and CEO of U.S.-Central Asia Biofuels Ltd, (October 18, 2013), Oilprice.com, Despite Fukushima, Global Nuclear Power on the Rise, (http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Despite-Fukushima-Global-Nuclear-Power-on-the-Rise.html)

Despite Fukushima global...plants as well

B: The Link:

Niger’s production is key to the world uranium supplies. UIN 13:
Uranium Investing News, (December 16, 2013), Uranium Hot Spots: South Africa, Niger, Namibia and Tanzania, (http://uraniuminvestingnews.com/16902/uranium-hot-spots-south-africa-niger-namibia-and-tanzania.html)

Uranium mining in...Air mountain range

Nuclear Power comes from uranium. World Nuclear Association 12:
World Nuclear Association, (December 2012), What is Uranium?, How does it work, (http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Introduction/What-is-Uranium~-~-How-Does-it-Work-/)

The nucleus of...to produce electricity

C. The Internal Link:

Nuclear power solves warming. Kharecha and Hansen 13:
Pushker Kharecha, James Hansen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, (March 15, 2013), Environmental Science and Technology, Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power, (http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es3051197)

We calculate that...240 by 500

D: The Impact

Runaway warming causes extinction.
Oliver Tickell, British journalist, author and campaigner on health and environment issues, and author of the Kyoto climate initiative, 8/11/2008, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange
We need to...already under way

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 3 | Opponent: Satvir Saggi | Judge:
A. Counter Plan Text: Developing countries should prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection when the two are in conflict and directly distribute the revenue from resource extraction to their citizens. Diamond and Mosbacher  ’13
Larry Diamond and Jack Mosbacher, “Petroleum to the People:Africa’s Coming Resource Curse—and How to Avoid It”. Foreign Affairs, September October 2013. Quals: LARRY DIAMOND is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, where he directs the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. JACK MOSBACHER is a Research Associate at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139647/larry-diamond-and-jack-mosbacher/petroleum-to-the-people.

Given that reality...ownership of it

B: The Competition

1. Its mutually exclusive.

2. Its net beneficial.

C. Solvency:

1. The Counter-Plan solves the resource curse better than the aff by creating  accountability and a tax base for economic growth. Diamond and Mosbacher 2

The oil-to-cash approach...state is spending

2 CP solves political corruption, which incentivizes rulers to change their policies and empowers citizens. A risk of solvency accesses the aff. Diamond and Mosbacher 3

But nine of...of oil wealth

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
All moral reasons are premised on desires.
Heathwood, Chris. “Desire-Based Theories of Reasons, Pleasure, and Welfare.” Oxford Studies In Meta-ethics Volume 6. Ed. Russ Shafer-Landau
The answer is...theories of reasons.

This means contractarianism.  
Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print.
Moral principles are...in their affairs

S=Consistency with a contractarian system of restraint

First, contractarianism requires parties to be equal when entering contracts.
Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print.
But the strengths...rationally grounded morality.

Second, citizens wouldn’t contract to a costly violation of freedom as shown by invalid votes.
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, (March 21, 2012), Compulsory Voting, (http://www.idea.int/vt/compulsory_voting.cfm)
The leading argument...compulsory voting laws

Tournament: Voices | Round: 5 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Republicans will win the House in 2014.
Jeffrey Bartash, reporter for the Wall Street Journal, (October 8, 2013), the Wall Street Journal, Why House Republicans aren’t sweating the 2014 election, (http://blogs.marketwatch.com/capitolreport/2013/10/08/why-house-republicans-arent-sweating-the-2014-election/)
Yet as both...handling the dispute.

Compulsory voting increases Democratic vote shares by 8.7—means Democrats win 68 of Congressional elections.
de Leon 13, (Fernanda L L de Leon, Assistant Professor, School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Adding Ideology to the Equation: New Predictions for Election Results under Compulsory Voting, April 15, 2013, http://www.uea.ac.uk/menu/depts/eco/research/RePEc/uea/papers_pdf/UEA-AFE-044.pdf)
Turning to the ... of the electorate.15

Democrat wins will cut the defense budget, risking nuclear war.
(Zbigniew, defense analyst with 6 years of experience in the field, specializing in the defense budget, nuclear weapons strategy, and missile defense. I also have B.A. and M.A. degrees in history “Stop the Democrats’ unilateral cuts in the US nuclear deterrent!” Conservative Daily News Jun 13, 2013
The Left never ... the nuclear triad.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Pragmatism.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking - William James 1907. Print
If I am...in this way.

Moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first even under non-consequentalist ethical frameworks.
Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University  Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor.
These reflections on...lot of value.

Util is most specific to the government’s obligations.
Gary Woller, June 1997 (BYU Prof.), “An Overview by Gary Woller”, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, pg. 10
Appeals to a...in a democracy

Because the resolution uses the term “ought to be” in the passive voice without an agent, it is a comparison of two possibilities.
Stephen Finlay, associate professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California, Justin Sendegar, Ph.D candidate in philosophy at the University of Southern California, (2012), Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, One Ought too many, (http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~finlay/OOTM.pdf)
‘Ought’ sentences seem...and explain them.

S=Maximizing Expected Well-Being

India’s government is pursuing economic reforms, but they are unpopular.
The Economist, (August 18, 2013), Through the keyhole, (http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2013/08/india-s-financial-crisis)
Fourth, as the...of corruption scams

Compulsory voting makes governments more accountable to their populations.
William Galston, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, (November 5, 2011), the New York Times, Telling Americans to vote, or else, (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/opinion/sunday/telling-americans-to-vote-or-else.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)
The second argument...a traffic ticket.

Fossil fuel subsidies exists to redistribute income.
David Victor, professor at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at UC San Diego, (2009), International Institute for Sustainable Development, the Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies, (http://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/politics_ffs.pdf)
These political facts...as environmental degradation

Compulsory voting reduces income inequality.
Alberto Chong, from the Inter-American Development Bank, Mauricio Olivera, from George Mason University, (May 2005), On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries, (http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=788345)
This analysis suggests...in the region.

First, fossil fuel subsidies harm the environment.
Christopher Holton, (September 2012), University of Nottingham, What are the effects of fossil-fuel subsidies on growth, the environment, and inequality?, (http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/economics/documents/current-students/holton.pdf)
The second question...with the subsidies

Runaway warming causes extinction.
Oliver Tickell, British journalist, author and campaigner on health and environment issues, and author of the Kyoto climate initiative, 8/11/2008, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction,” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange
We need to...already under way

Second, fuel subsidies have increased budget deficits, increasing poverty in India.
The Economist, (September 14, 2012), A Welcome Boldness, (http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/09/indian-economic-reforms)
On september 13...the poor most

Poverty causes nuclear war.
Joseph George Caldwell, PhD, The End of the World, and the New World Order, (2003), www.foundation.bw/TheEndOfTheWorld.htm.
It would appear...to higher levels

Tournament: Voices, St Marks | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Varun | Judge: Many
Presume neg

Since society is compromised of many different pluralistic groups, it is wrong and impossible to use a single moral theory to unite all beliefs and communities.
John Rawls.  Philosophy, Harvard (deceased).  Political Liberalism (Columbia: NYC, 1992) 37.

A second and...to remain so

All arguments only function within a particular framework. Frameworks determine what counts as evidence or rationality, making it impossible to rationally debate between frameworks.
Joyce, Richard. Myth of Morality. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p 45-47.

The distinction between...or the other

Jehovah’s Witnesses are against political involvement and don’t believe in voting in elections. 

  Leibenluft, Jacob. “Why Don’t Jehovah’s Witnesses Vote?”, Slate, 6/26/08.

Because of John...registered to vote

Tournament: Stanford | Round: Quads | Opponent: Satvir | Judge:
The interpretation is that Resource extraction means the removal of petroleum, natural gas, or other gaseous substances, not timber, water, or renewable resources.
Almance County Board of Commissioners 11 (no author, October 3, 2011, Almance County Board of Commissioners, ““ALAMANCE COUNTY HEAVY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE”)

“Resource Extraction means...any renewable resource.”

Tournament: golden desert | Round: 8 | Opponent: Harker | Judge:
There are high rates of poverty in Ecuador. Wiser 14:
Daniel Wiser, staff writer for the Washington Free Beacon, (January 13, 2014,), The Five Worst Things about Ecuador, (http://freebeacon.com/the-five-worst-things-about-ecuador/)

Observers wondering who...the country's government

Oil drilling in Yasuni is key to poverty reduction in Ecuador. Poverty also turns case because it leads to more deforestation. Puig 13:
Juan Falconi Puig, Ecuadorian ambassador to the UK, (September 19, 2013), the Guardian, The world failed Ecuador on its Yasuní initiative, (http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/sep/19/world-failed-ecuador-yasuni-initiative)

Without international political...needed human development

Poverty causes nuclear war. Caldwell 03:
Joseph George Caldwell, PhD, The End of the World, and the New World Order, (2003), www.foundation.bw/TheEndOfTheWorld.htm.

It would appear..higher levels

Nuclear war causes human extinction. PHILLIPS 2000
(Dr. Allen, Peace Activist, Nuclear Winter Revisited, October, http://www.peace.ca/nuclearwinterrevisited.htm)

Those of us...a radioactive environment

1. War leads to direct environmental damage. Partow 09:
   Partow, ’09 (Hassan, Senior Environmental Expert at UN Environmental Programme's Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, “Environmental Impact of Wars and Conflicts,” p. 163, http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport/english/book12.pdf, bgm)

Scientific assessment of...Iraq, Sudan, and lebanon

2. War means countries ignore environmental regulations. Partow 2:
Partow, ’09 (Hassan, Senior Environmental Expert at UN Environmental Programme's Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, “Environmental Impact of Wars and Conflicts,” p. 171, http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport/english/book12.pdf, bgm)

post-conflict countries...equitable benefit sharing

3. Nuclear war destroys the environment. Nissani 92:
Nissani, ’92 (Moti, Professor at Wayne State, Lives in the Balance:  The Cold War and American Politics 1945-1991, http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/pagepub/CH2.html)

There will be...a few years