Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kent Denver ZN | Judge: Monica Amestoy
Part 1 is The Great Divide.
The patriarchal domination of women is intertwined with the patriarchal domination of nature. Both are relationships of power that rely on control and ownership in order to satisfy masculinist desires. Deconstructing gender relations and other forms of oppression requires understanding these relationships. Warren and Erkal:
Karen Warren (Former professor and chair of philosophy at Macalester College), Nisvan Erkal (Doctor of philosophy, University of Maryland). Ecofeminism: Women, culture, nature. Indiana University Press, 1997.
 
Qualities in both ...is also true.

The ideology behind resource extraction is one of power and domination.

First, Extraction presupposes... to our time.

Second, this idea of ownership and domination over resources harms the environment. Downey: 

Downey 2010 - associate professor of sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Liam with Eric Bonds doctoral student at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Katherine Clark graduate student in environmental studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, "Natural Resource Extraction, Armed Violence, and Environmental Degradation", Organic Environ. 2010 December, vol. 23(4):417-445. 

Moreover, because natural ... of natural resources.

The discourse used when discussing natural resources is gendered, and domination over nature disproportionally affects minority women. Goldman and Schurman:
Michael Goldman and Rachel A. Schurman. "Closing the "Great Divide": New Social Theory on Society and Nature. Department of Sociology, University of Illinois. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 26:563-84 2000.

An important strand ... to effect change (Jackson 1994).

And, addressing issues of oppression requires taking an intersectional approach, which means recognizing how different forms of oppression are interrelated and reinforce each other. Women in transitioning nations are caught in a double bind that Western feminism doesn't address. Charlesworth:
Hilary Charlesworth, Senior lecturer, University of Melbourne Law School. Christine Chinkin, Senior lecturer at University of Sydney Law School. Shelley Wright, Lecturer at University of Sydney Law School. "Feminist Approaches to International Law." The American Journal International Law, 613. 1991 

These conflicting historical ... most women's voices. 

Part 2 is the impacts. 

The ideology of domination over women manifests itself into unending violence and environmental destruction
Warren and Cady 94—Warren is the Chair of the Philosophy Department at Macalester College and Cady is Professor of Philosophy at Hamline University (Karen and Duane, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections”, p. 16, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3810167.pdf, JB) 

Operationalized, the evidence ... and global contexts. 

Part 3 is the Alternative
Prioritizing environmental protection allows us to examine resource extraction in transitioning nations through a critical feminist lens which reverses the ideology of gendered human power over nature. It is not enough to criticize extraction – the Lens through which I criticize it is important, because the gendered lens exposes the assumptions behind the domination of nature and women, which reinforce patriarchal and environmental violence. 

First, Acceptance of the ideology of power over nature as truth is ecologically unsustainable and creates a feedback loop that guarantees human domination over both the earth's resources and over minority groups. Only restructuring our discourses can solve for the environment and oppression by creating a peaceful coexistence between humans and nature. Merchant:
Carolyn Merchant. "The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution." 1990.
The mechanistic view ... are to survive.

Second, Deconstructing patriarchal notions requires changing our epistemology and recognizing the harms we create by relying on patriarchal ideologies when discussing the environment. This new epistemology that examines how social relations intertwine with human-nature relations. Thus, ethical approaches to the environment are key to prevent marginalization and oppression. Mellor:
Mary Mellor, Professor of Social Science at Northumbria University and Chair of its Sustainable Cities Research Institute. "Ethics and the Environment." Feminism and Environmental Ethics: A Materialist Perspective. Indiana University Press, JSTOR. 107-123. 2000.
The limitation of ... of these relations. 

Part 4 is the framework.
The standard is rejecting patriarchy. In order to break down existing gender relations we must examine how language and discourses operate to reinforce power structures in society. These oppressive discourses are what allow injustice and structural violence to occur. Thus, only a critical feminist approach can reverse these oppressions.

Elshtain, 1982 Jean Berthke Elshtain, writer of the Feminist Discourse and it’s discontents: Language, Power and Meaning, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173857?seq=1, 1982 

The feminist thinker ... ones in power

Thus, the role of the ballot is to examine the dialogue engaging gender relations. Debate should be a process through which young people learn the value of social criticism, not a game of fiat where our assumptions never go unquestioned. Examining discourses and power relations are critical in educational settings. Toh:
Glenn Toh. (2012). Critical Analysis of Discourse in Educational Settings. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics.

Critical analyses of ... have these exposed.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: WDM GS | Judge: Josh You
My standard is a rejection of genocide - Genocide should be considered first among ethical concerns because it is universal to value life. Harf-Gurr 1

Barbara Harf-Gurr, Professor at Northwestern University, 81 Humanitarian Intervention as a Remedy for Genocide p 40)

One of the ...a universal concern.

Prefer my standard for three reasons:

First - Genocide is the most important utilitarian concern, because it is intentional and potentially universal. Harf-Gurr 2

Barbara Harf-Gurr, Professor at Northwestern University, 81 Humanitarian Intervention as a Remedy for Genocide p 37)

Nobody disagrees that ...deadly to humanity.

Second – Genocide subsumes all consequential and moral concerns – it strips all life of dignity and meaning – no other values are possible. Card:

Card 2003 - Senior-Fellow at the Institute for Research in the Humanities Claudia, prof of philosophy (Ph.D from Harvard), , “Genocide and Social Death,” Hypatia, vol. 18, no. 1, Winter Strong

Genocide is not ... of its termination.

Third – Personal responsibility – genocide creates an environment of chaos and violence that is internalized by all of society – how we react to it determines our identity. Hirsch:

Hirsch 1995, - prof of gov’t at Virginia Commonwealth University Herbert “GENOCIDE and the Politics of Memory,”, p 135

Terrence Des Pres, whose ... identity is formed. 

Contention One – Oil Extraction in Nigeria is a form of genocide

Oil production in Nigeria has devastated the Niger Delta environment – water, soil and air pollution have created an environmental apocalypse for the Ogoni people who live there. Badmus:

Badmus, 2010 – prof of Social Sciences at University of New England Isiaka Alani Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences ( 2010) Vol 2, No 1,323- 363 323 Oiling the Guns and Gunning for Oil: Oil Violence, Arms Proliferation and the Destruction of Nigeria’s Niger-Delta JSTOR

Oil extraction has ... faring in the region).

Environmental destruction of the Delta has caused civil and ethnic conflicts that have engulfed the region – indigenous peoples have been forced to fight against petro-exploitation. Saliu 1:

Saliu, 2007 – prof at University of Ilorin H.A. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 9, No.4, 2007) Environmental Degradation, Rising Poverty And Conflict: Towards An Explanation Of The Niger-Delta Crisis JSTOR

It is no ... degradation in the region.

The environmental destruction of the Delta is a genocide of the people living there – it has created health and living conditions that are unbearable. Saliu 2:

Saliu, 2007 – prof at University of Ilorin H.A. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 9, No.4, 2007) Environmental Degradation, Rising Poverty And Conflict: Towards An Explanation Of The Niger-Delta Crisis JSTOR

Ironically the region... its inhabitants die (Saro-Wiwa, 1992: 42-48).

Oil companies have contributed to the genocide of the Ogoni people – they have demanded and funded brutal oppression of ethnic groups who oppose extraction, and oil pollution will cause the extinction of the Ogoni people. Donovan:

Donovan, 2012 - the National Union of Ogoni Students John Http://Royaldutchshellplc.Com/2012/02/27/Shell-Oil-Company-Culpable/ Royal Dutch Shell Plc .Com Rotating Header Image Shell Oil Company Culpable Feb 27th, 2012 Statement Issued By National Union Of Ogoni Students, Usa

The corporate human... activities in Ogoni.

Shell has committed neo-liberal genocide in Nigeria – they have sought to eliminate the Ogoni people for the profits of extraction – spreading education about Nigeria is essential to hold Shell Responsible

Report of the Niger Delta Human and Environmental Rescue Organization 2005 SHELL GENOCIDE 01/16/05 . http://www.dawodu.net/shell1.htm

Remember that Shell ...against Shell international.

Only environmental protection can reverse the destruction of the Niger Delta and its people. Nigeria must embrace protection. Saliu 3:

Saliu, 2007 – prof at University of Ilorin H.A. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 9, No.4, 2007) Environmental Degradation, Rising Poverty And Conflict: Towards An Explanation Of The Niger-Delta Crisis JSTOR

Recommendations and Conclusion ... the Niger Delta.

Underview: Affirmative Focus Key

A) Interpretation: The affirmative should defend an example of the resolution

1.Key to education-
a.  Affirmative Focus creates more in depth discussions over a single topic as opposed to a broad, resolution focus
b.  Research- affirmative focus limits the topic to more targeted research – the resolution specifies “when in conflict” – I am required to examine those examples of conflict.

2.Key to fairness
a.  Creative arguments- Affirmative Focus allows the aff to construct innovative cases based on the resolution
b. Ground- There is a Neg Bias in debate with 2 neg blocks- Affirmative Focus allows the aff to gain ground.