Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: IDK | Judge:
The value is morality. Our obligation as debaters is to act in a way that mirrors the decision of policy makers. This allows us to engage in policy-making role-playing, which is the most educational part of debate.

Shaw writes, PEDAGOGY IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Using Role-Play Scenarios in the IR Classroom: An Examination of Exercises on Peacekeeping Operations and Foreign Policy Decision Making CAROLYN M. SHAW Wichita State University

The use of role-playing … is in our ‘‘national interest.’’

Since policy-makers cannot be obligated to act in a manner that is inadvisable, public policy must look at the consequences first
and act as a collective body. 

Goodin 1995 Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7

The great adventure of utilitarianism … argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.

Since the resolution specifies a democracy, the issues discussed in the round should be sensitive to the utilitarian constraints of a democratic body, like the government. 

Contention One is Compulsory Voting is key to Civic Engagement

1. Voter Turnout is catastrophically low – only compulsory voting will solve

Dean, 2003 – former Counsel to the President of the United States John Is It Time To Consider Mandatory Voting Laws? Worsening Voting Statistics Make A Strong Case Feb. 28 http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20030228.html

Voter turnout in the United … one solution: mandatory voting laws.

2. Compulsory voting increases civic engagement – three warrants: It increases voting in new demographic groups, it focuses campaigns on substance, and it fosters a sense of civic duty that spills over

Dean, 2003 – former Counsel to the President of the United States John Is It Time To Consider Mandatory Voting Laws? Worsening Voting Statistics Make A Strong Case Feb. 28 http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20030228.html

Based on studies from countries … short, they become better citizens.

3. Compulsory voting solves civic engagement – it increases voter awareness, it makes politics more relevant to people and it transforms American political culture

Harvard Law Review 2007 The Case for Compulsory Voting in the United States , Vol. 121, No. 2 (Dec., 2007), pp. 591- JSTOR

This is one reason why … be left to personal choice.

4. Compulsory voting solves voter turnout – the best studies and foreign examples prove

Harvard Law Review 2007 The Case for Compulsory Voting in the United States , Vol. 121, No. 2 (Dec., 2007), pp. 591- JSTOR

Voter turnout in the United … knowledge and sophistication among voters?

Contention Two – Civic Engagement is key to survival

1. The Status Quo inevitably causes disengagement which threatens extinction – Only a renewed commitment to civic engagement necessary to regain control of the public sphere to combat global challenges of exploitation, disease and environmental collapse 

Small 06 (Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition,  “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment,  Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)

What will be the challenges … seeks to do just that.

2. Political disengagement doesn’t means the political sphere goes away – the public sphere will be dominated by the far-right and collapse into fascism, causing wars and tyranny – This turns the alternative’s solvency 

Rorty 98 (Richard, Stanford Philosophy Professor, Achieving Our Country, pp. 87-94)

If the formation of hereditary … and insistent as a resourceful spook."10

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola MG | Judge: Kris Wright
Part 1 is Reject Patriarchy. 

The patriarchal domination of women is intertwined with the patriarchal domination of nature. Both are relationships of power that rely on control and ownership in order to satisfy masculinist desires. Deconstructing gender relations and other forms of oppression requires understanding these relationships. Warren and Erkal:
Karen Warren (Former professor and chair of philosophy at Macalester College), Nisvan Erkal (Doctor of philosophy, University of Maryland). Ecofeminism: Women, culture, nature. Indiana University Press, 1997.
"Qualities in both...is also true."

The ideology behind resource extraction is one of power and domination.

First, Extraction presupposes that humans are inherently superior to nature and own resources to use for their benefit, which mirrors the gendered view of women that men are superior and can have power over them. This is also how issues of class, race, and gender intersect due to this notion of power. Bookchin:
Bookchin, Murray. Toward an ecological society. Vol. 30. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1980.
"In this quantitative...to our time."

Second, this idea of ownership and domination over resources harms the environment. Downey:
Downey 2010 - associate professor of sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Liam with Eric Bonds doctoral student at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Katherine Clark graduate student in environmental studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, "Natural Resource Extraction, Armed Violence, and Environmental Degradation", Organic Environ. 2010 December, vol. 23(4):417-445.
"Moreover, because natural...of natural resources."

The discourse used when discussing natural resources is gendered, and domination over nature disproportionally affects minority women. Goldman and Schurman:
Michael Goldman and Rachel A. Schurman. "Closing the "Great Divide": New Social Theory on Society and Nature. Department of Sociology, University of Illinois. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 26:563-84 2000.
"An important strand...to effect change"

And, addressing issues of oppression requires taking an intersectional approach, which means recognizing how different forms of oppression are interrelated. Women in transitioning nations are caught in a double bind that Western feminism doesn't address. Charlesworth:
Hilary Charlesworth, Senior lecturer, University of Melbourne Law School. Christine Chinkin, Senior lecturer at University of Sydney Law School. Shelley Wright, Lecturer at University of Sydney Law School. "Feminist Approaches to International Law." The American Journal International Law, 613. 1991
"These conflicting historical...most women's voices."

Part 2 is the impacts. 

The ideology of domination over women manifests itself into unending violence and environmental destruction. Warren and Cady:
Warren and Cady 94—Warren is the Chair of the Philosophy Department at Macalester College and Cady is Professor of Philosophy at Hamline University (Karen and Duane, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections”, p. 16, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3810167.pdf, JB)
"Operationalized, the evidence...and global contexts."

Part 3 is the Alternative
Prioritizing environmental protection allows us to examine resource extraction in transitioning nations through a critical feminist lens which reverses the ideology of gendered human power over nature. It is not enough to criticize extraction – the Lens through which I criticize it is important, because the gendered lens exposes the assumptions behind the domination of nature and women, which reinforce patriarchal and environmental violence. 

First, Acceptance of the ideology of power over nature as truth is ecologically unsustainable and creates a feedback loop that guarantees human domination over both the earth's resources and over minority groups. Only restructuring our discourses can solve for the environment and oppression by creating a peaceful coexistence between humans and nature. Merchant:
Carolyn Merchant. "The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution." 1990.
"The mechanistic view...are to survive."

Second, Deconstructing patriarchal notions requires changing our epistemology and recognizing the harms we create by relying on patriarchal ideologies when discussing the environment. This new epistemology that examines how social relations intertwine with human-nature relations. Thus, ethical approaches to the environment are key to prevent marginalization and oppression. Mellor:
Mary Mellor, Professor of Social Science at Northumbria University and Chair of its Sustainable Cities Research Institute. "Ethics and the Environment." Feminism and Environmental Ethics: A Materialist Perspective. Indiana University Press, JSTOR. 107-123. 2000.
"The limitation of...of these relations. "

Part 4 is the framework.
The standard is rejecting patriarchy. In order to break down existing gender relations we must examine how language and discourses operate to reinforce power structures in society. These oppressive discourses are what allow injustice and structural violence to occur. Thus, only a critical feminist approach can reverse these oppressions. Elshtain:
Elshtain, 1982 Jean Berthke Elshtain, writer of the Feminist Discourse and it’s discontents: Language, Power and Meaning, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173857?seq=1, 1982
"The feminist thinker...ones in power"

Thus, the role of the ballot is to examine the dialogue engaging gender relations. Debate should be a process through which young people learn the value of social criticism, not a game of fiat where our assumptions never go unquestioned. Examining discourses and power relations are critical in educational settings. Toh:
Glenn Toh. (2012). Critical Analysis of Discourse in Educational Settings. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics.
"Critical analyses of...have these exposed."