Tournament: VBT | Round: 3 | Opponent: James Zheng | Judge: Ryan Fink
Shahjahan 2011 Riyad Ahmed, Assistant Professor of Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education (HALE) at Michigan State University. Ph.D. at the OISE/University of Toronto in Higher Education. “Decolonizing the evidence-based education and policy movement: revealing the colonial vestiges in educational policy, research, and neoliberal reform” Online publication date: 22 March 201, Journal of Education Policy, 26: 2, 181 — 206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2010.508176
Revisiting histories of…. And transnational capital.

Harzenski 2003 – professor of law at Temple Law School sharon, post-colonial studies: terrorism, a history, stage two, temple international and comparative law journal, fall, 2003, 17 temp. Int'l and comp. L.j. 351,
Michael Foucault tells…. Been speaking about. 

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
The ideological framework… demanding physical environment.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
Walter Rodney’s work… Jarret, and Davidson.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
In his discussion… Kenya and Tanzania.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
Because Kenya and… Africa and worldwide.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
What has the…. Produced grain unprofitable.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
British mismanagement of…. “Northern” imperialism today.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
A number of… the colonial era.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
The departing colonial… in East Africa.

O’Neil, Patrick H. “Cases in Comparative Politics.” W. W. Norton and Company. New York, 2010.
The misfortune of… are clearly connected.

“Facts About Conflict Diamonds.” Brilliant Earth. Brilliant Earth Inc, 2013.
In just the… will last generations.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
Another aspect of… impoverished and degraded.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
Throughout the… are diametrically opposed.

Emmons, Gavin. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADATION AND IMPOVERISHMENT: Neocolonialism and the Crisis of People and the Environment in East Africa. Diss. Lewis and Clark College, 1996. JI
Ultimately though, any… choice is ours.

Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: unknown | Judge: Annie Kors
I affirm. The standard is upholding democracy as required by the resolution. 

(A) Deliberative democracy is strongly linked to just outcomes because it best accounts for the interests of all those affected by political decisions. Young 20001:
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).AT
"We can now...compatible with justice."

(B) Deliberative democracy is most consistent with the norm of self-determination. Young 2002:
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).AT
"Self-determination, the...to democratic participation."

(C) A robust public sphere cultivates social capital that lubricates the vital functioning of day to day governance.
Robert D. Putnam Prof. of Public Policy, Harvard, Bowling Alone, New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks (2000).
"Social connections are...a complex society."

(D) Deliberative democracy holds elites accountable by forcing them to justify their decisions in public deliberations.
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).AT
"Political practice guided ...of their injustices."

Thus the affirmative burden is to show that compulsory voting best upholds deliberative democracy.
Contention 1: Compulsory voting reduces socio-economic inequality.

Multiple cross-national studies show that compulsory voting increases voter turnout.
Simon Jackman 01, Assitant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science, Stanford Unviersity, "Compulsory Voting", Internet Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001. http://jackman.stanford.edu/papers/cv.pdf
"Even a casual... ostensibly have CV."

And, high rates of voter turnout are associated with stronger measures of socioeconomic equality.
Sarah Birch Reader in Politics at the University of Essex, “The case for compulsory voting,” Public Policy Research, March-May (2009), pp. 21-27.
"One of the ...the wealth gap."

Moreover, compulsory voting has been shown to increase expenditure on social welfare.
Alberto Chong and Mauricio Olivera. “Does Compulsory Voting Help Equalize Incomes?” Economics and Politics. Volume 20. The Authors Journal compilation r 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
"For all the...eliminated in 1993."

Impact: Structural inequalities undermine democracy by giving privileged groups disproportionate influence.
ris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000). AT
"No existing democracy... influence of others."

And, social inequality undermines democratic citizenship.
Michael Sandel Prof. of Government, Harvard University, “Justice: What’s the right thing to do?” New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux (2009).
But there is... democratic citizenship depends.

Cultivating an active public sphere is the best way to deepen democracy.
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).AT
"This chapter has... by their members."

Furthermore, CV lessens the influence of corporations and special interests in government.
Big corporations and special interests have undermined political participation and thus CV is the best way to counter corporate domination.
Boggs, Carl. The end of politics: Corporate power and the decline of the public sphere. Guilford Press, 2001.
"While the era ...electronic monitoring devices."

Fundamental principles of democracy are violated when special interest groups cloud the will of the electorate.
Amitai Etzioni. “SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS VERSUS CONSTITUENCY REPRESENTATION.” Researching Social Movements, Conflicts and Change. Vol. 8, pages171-195. Copyright @ 1985by JAI Press Inc.
"For many decades... will, as undemocratic."

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Coronado | Judge: Katie
I affirm. The Value is Maintaining a Well-Ordered Society. American society is characterized by a diversity of fundamental worldviews. A well-ordered society is effectively regulated by a public conception of justice acceptable to all on the basis of publicly accessible reasons. Rawls 1971 :

At the beginning (§1)… not at all.

The only way to determine principles of justice to which all can consent is to remove people from their subjective social position and instead decide the principles of justice from the Original Position. Rawls :

I shall consider… with these restrictions.

The CRITERION is Protecting a System of Equal Basic Liberties. These are foundational liberties like freedom of conscience, political participation, and bodily integrity. A well-ordered society would make equal basic liberties the first priority for three reasons.

A. Respect for basic liberties reflects equal respect for the moral personhood of fellow citizens in a well-ordered society. Rawls 1971 :

Let us begin by… the basic liberties.

B. Respect for basic liberty is the means by which society protects the individual’s need for self-respect. Rawls 1971 :

Of course, it..  be firmly maintained.

c. Behind the veil of ignorance, parties would choose criminal justice norms which maximize their security and personal integrity. Dolovich 2004 :

Yet where the… and economic benefits.143

PART I IS THE ADVOCACY

A. Only two states allow disclosure of client confidences to avoid wrongful conviction. The remaining jurisdictions should expand their interpretation of the substantial bodily harm exception to allow lawyers to disclose client confidences when doing so is necessary to prevent the conviction of a third-party. Hasbani 2010 :

Perhaps one of… incarceration of another."76 

B. The wrongful conviction exception is accompanied by a use immunity that prevents the disclosed information from being used against the lawyer’s client in a criminal prosecution. Hasbani 2 :

In order to… use immunity's protection.  

PART III IS SOLVENCY: Allowing disclosure of client confidences to avoid wrongful conviction of third-parties is essential to avoiding unjust punishment.

A. A wrongful conviction exception for attorney-client privilege reflects society’s view that freedom of the innocent is the top priority and that nobody should be subjected to arbitrary physical violence. Hasbani 3 :

Legislatures should adopt… freedom of the innocent.

B. The rule exception would attract public attention or lead the prosecution to reexamine cases, thus preventing wrongful convictions before prosecutions are even initiated. Joy and McMunigal ‘08 

In response to the… reexamine a case.

C. Failure to remedy wrongful convictions, which are becoming more prominent, can undermine public confidence in the criminal justice system and in lawyers, thus harming the rule of law. Joy and McMunigal ‘08 

Perhaps the most… criminal justice system.

D. Wrongful conviction is rampant in the Criminal Justice System. The time to act is now. Zalman 2012 :
The ultimate question is… professionalism in the justice system.

PART IV IS IMPACTS

Impact 1: Rule of Law

A. Rule of law is essential to maintaining the most extensive possible system of equal liberty. Rawls 1971 :

Now the connection… rule of law maintained.

() The rule of law requires that similar cases be treated similarly. This principle is violated by wrongful convictions because people the guilty occasionally go free and the innocent suffer punishment. Rawls 1971 :

The rule of… announced verdict suffices.

Impact 2: Minimizing wrongful conviction protects the citizens against arbitrary disadvantages in the criminal justice system.

Behind the veil of ignorance people have to consider the prospect that they may be wrongfully convicted for membership in a socially marginal group. Dolovich 2004 :

First, under the conditions of… higher-order interests.

Therefore, behind the veil of ignorance citizens would condemn wrongful conviction. Dolovich 2004 :

In cases where… strains of commitment.

UNDERVIEW: A basic requirement for individual freedom is the restriction of government’s ability to inflict cruelty on its citizens. Even in the absence of other normative bases for rules about government restricting government cruelty is an inescapable maxim. Shklar 

Systematic fear is… choose between them.

  John Rawls James B. conant University Professor, Harvard University, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press (1972).
  John Rawls Professor of Philosophy, Harvard. Theory of Justice. 1971. Oxford University Press.
  John Rawls James B. Conant University Professor, Harvard University, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press (1972).
  John Rawls James B. Conant University Professor, Harvard University, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press (1972).
  Sharon Dolovich Acting Prof. of Law, UCLA Law School, “Legitimate Punishment in Liberal Democracy,” Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (January 2004), pp. 307-442
  Inbal Hasbani J.D. Northwestern University School of Law, “When the Law Preserves Injustice: Issues Raised by a Wronful Incarceration Exception to Attorney-Client Confidentiality,” 100 J. Crim. L. and Criminology 277 (2010)
  Inbal Hasbani J.D. Northwestern University School of Law, “When the Law Preserves Injustice: Issues Raised by a Wronful Incarceration Exception to Attorney-Client Confidentiality,” 100 J. Crim. L. and Criminology 277 (2010)
  Inbal Hasbani J.D. Northwestern University School of Law, “When the Law Preserves Injustice: Issues Raised by a Wronful Incarceration Exception to Attorney-Client Confidentiality,” 100 J. Crim. L. and Criminology 277 (2010)
  Peter A. Joy and Kevin C. McMunigal “Confidentiality and Wrongful Incarceration” Criminal Justice, Volume 23. Number 2, Summer 2008. © 2008 American Bar Association
  Peter A. Joy and Kevin C. McMunigal “Confidentiality and Wrongful Incarceration” Criminal Justice, Volume 23. Number 2, Summer 2008. © 2008 American Bar Association
  Zalman, Marvin. "Criminal Justice System Reform and Wrongful Conviction A Research Agenda." Criminal Justice Policy Review 17.4 (2006): 468-492.
  John Rawls James B. conant University Professor, Harvard University, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press (1972).
  John Rawls James B. conant University Professor, Harvard University, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press (1972).
  Sharon Dolovich Acting Prof. of Law, UCLA Law School, “Legitimate Punishment in Liberal Democracy,” Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (January 2004), pp. 307-442
  Sharon Dolovich Acting Prof. of Law, UCLA Law School, “Legitimate Punishment in Liberal Democracy,” Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (January 2004), pp. 307-442
  Shklar, Judith political theorist, professor of government. "The liberalism of fear." Political Liberalism: Variations on a Theme (1989): 149-166.