Gersh Aff

I affirm. The standard is upholding democracy as required by the resolution. Democracy is best understood as a norm of decision-making by inclusive deliberation rather than a set of institutions. This conception of democracy is preferable for 4 reasons.

(A) Deliberative democracy is strongly linked to just outcomes because it best accounts for the interests of all those affected by political decisions. Young 2000:
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).
We can now...compatible with justice.

(B) Deliberative democracy is most consistent with the norm of self-determination. Young 2000 :
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).
Self-determination, the...to democratic participation.

(C) A robust public sphere cultivates social capital that lubricates the vital functioning of day to day governance. Putnam 2000 :
Robert D. Putnam Prof. of Public Policy, Harvard, Bowling Alone, New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks (2000).
Social connections are...a complex society.
(D) Deliberative democracy holds elites accountable by forcing them to justify their decisions in public deliberations. Young 2000 :
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).
Political practice guided...of their injustices.

Thus the affirmative burden is to show that compulsory voting best upholds deliberative democracy.

Contention 1: Compulsory voting reduces socio-economic inequality.

Multiple cross-national studies show that compulsory voting increases voter turnout. Jackman 2001 :
Simon Jackman 01, Assitant Professor and Victoria Schuck Faculty Scholar, Department of Political Science, Stanford Unviersity, "Compulsory Voting", Internet Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001. http://jackman.stanford.edu/papers/cv.pdf
Even a casual...ostensibly have CV.

And, high rates of voter turnout are associated with stronger measures of socioeconomic equality. Birch 2009 :
Sarah Birch Reader in Politics at the University of Essex, “The case for compulsory voting,” Public Policy Research, March-May (2009), pp. 21-27.
One of the...the wealth gap. 

Moreover, compulsory voting has been shown to increase expenditure on social welfare. Chong and Olivera ‘08:
Alberto Chong and Mauricio Olivera. “Does Compulsory Voting Help Equalize Incomes?” Economics and Politics. Volume 20. The Authors Journal compilation r 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
For all the...eliminated in 1993.

Impact: Structural inequalities undermine democracy by giving privileged groups disproportionate influence. Young 2000 :
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).
No existing democracy...influence of others.

And, social inequality undermines democratic citizenship. Sandel 2009 :
Michael Sandel Prof. of Government, Harvard University, “Justice: What’s the right thing to do?” New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux (2009).
But there is...democratic citizenship depends.

Cultivating an active public sphere is the best way to deepen democracy. Young 2000 :
Iris M. Young Prof. of Political Science, University of Chicago, Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press (2000).
This chapter has...by their members.