Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Travis AS | Judge: Catherine Tarsney
Congress will successfully avert a government shutdown now, but time is super tight
Fox News, 9-11-2013, “House pulls spending bill amid backlash as government shutdown looms,” http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/09/11/house-leaders-pull-temporary-spending-bill-after-conservative-backlash/
House Republican leaders … to thwart terrorism.

The plan would trade off with Congress’s ability to avert the shutdown - GOP has momentum and will, but they need literally every hour to get it done
Frank James, 9-13-2013, “Congress Searches For A Shutdown-Free Future,” NPR, http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2013/09/13/221809062/congress-searches-for-a-shutdown-free-future
The only thing … let you know."

Republicans would hate compulsory voting specifically
Liu 8-21 Should Voting Be Mandatory? Eric Liu, 8-21-12
Another critique claims … Republicans could benefit. 

Shutdown wrecks the economy
Yi Wu, 8-27-2013, “Government Shutdown 2013: Still a Terrible Idea,” PolicyMic, http://www.policymic.com/articles/60837/government-shutdown-2013-still-a-terrible-idea
Around a third … a year before.

Global nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Of course, the … more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner SO | Judge: Daniel Imas
Debt will narrowly pass—Obama’s leverage is key
Kapur, 9/9 --- TPM’s senior congressional reporter and Supreme Court correspondent
(9/9/2013, Sahil, “Is House GOP Backing Down In Debt Limit Fight?” http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2013/09/house-gop-cantor-memo-debt-ceiling-cr-sequester-immigration.php)

House Republicans are … of discretionary spending.”

There’s universal, bipartisan opposition to any increase in voter registration or participation.
Halperin 2k, (Jason P.W. Halperin, New York University School of Law, A WINNER AT THE POLLS: A PROPOSAL FOR MANDATORY VOTER REGISTRATION, JOURNAL OF LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY, Vol. 3, 2000, http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/nyulpp3andsection=16)

Finally, make no…on election day.325

Republicans would hate compulsory voting specifically
Liu 8-21
Should Voting Be Mandatory? Eric Liu, 8-21-12
Another critique claims … Republicans could benefit.

Entertaining GOP negotiating demands will drag the process out and trigger economic collapse
Lobello, 8/27 --- business editor at TheWeek.com (Carmel, 8/27/2013, “How the looming debt ceiling fight could screw up the U.S. economy; Yup, this is happening — again,” http://theweek.com/article/index/248775/how-the-looming-debt-ceiling-fight-could-screw-up-the-us-economy))

Ready for more … the American economy."

Economic collapse causes nuclear war – economic collapse causes military drawdown, leads to nuclear weapons use.
Harris 09, Cambridge Ph.D, and Burrows, NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, ‘9
(Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf, Date Accessed:7/20)
Increased Potential for … more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harrison DD | Judge: Tyler Cook

Ethical Framework

All ethics must presume the principle of original appropriation, i.e. absolute autonomy.

A. Argumentum a contrario

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
“The first, initially outlined by Rothbard, proceeds via an argumentum a contrario
AND
is left. It fulfills the universalization requirement and it is praxeologically possible.

B. Performative contradiction

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
The second argument, first advanced by this author i.e., Hans
AND
ethical principle without running thereby into performative contradictions.” (200-202)

Contention 1

Compulsory voting violates one’s freedom to choose.

Schäfer 11: Republican Liberty and Compulsory Voting Armin Schäfer (research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne.) 2011
Normative arguments against compulsory voting revolve around four themes
AND
interfere with their choices as long as they are not harmful to others.

Contention 2

Link

Democracy turns everyone against each other and ensures the worst candidates gain control

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
Free competition in the productions of goods is good, but free competition in the
AND
temporary and interchangeable caretakers they will only rarely be assassinated. (87) 

Impact – Welfare State Collapse

The government is a state caretaker and thus only cares about it as long as the President’s in office. This inevitably means higher taxes, inflation and the creation of a welfare state.

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
“For as a government’s caretaker (not owner) it
AND
state will become increasingly transformed into a “welfare state”” (29)

Continual support of the current system makes economic collapse inevitable.

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
“And while it is undeniably true that after more than
AND
regions will continue to rise, even beyond its current level.” (289-90)

Alternative

The alternative is that the U.S. dissolve itself and individuals peacefully secede to create small independent pockets of resistance. The free city model is proven effective and can spur a worldwide movement for freedom.

Hoppe 04 Hans-Hermann, Econ prof at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed
“Rather, a modern liberal-libertarian strategy of secession should take its cues
AND
to provide an example to the rest of the world.” (292)

Role of the Ballot

The judge should endorse a personal secession from the state. This is the only effective policy of social revolution.  This must be part of an ideological campaign of delegitimizing the institution of democratic government among the public, and it must start with the intellectual elite. That elite must communicate its ideas to the public for a systematic struggle against democracy.

Hoppe 04
Hans-Hermann, Professor of Economics at UNLV, 2004, Democracy:  The God that Failed, pp. 90-93
However, if the power of every government rests only on opinion and consensual cooperation
AND
the very idea of government itself (and of democratic government in particular).

And, the role of the ballot is to critically confront power. For any argument to be effective at real world change, it must promote anti-state resistance and recognize that the window is rapidly closing. The aff blinds us to activist possibilities.

Holmes 07
Brian Holmes, cultural theories, art critic, founder of Universete Tangente, prolific author. Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations, Collective Theorization, p. 42-43
Because of the transverse nature of global flows, it is possible
AND
downward spiral of human coexistence at the outset of the 21st century.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A) Interpretation: The agent of the aff advocacy must only be one of the BRIC countries, that is, Brazil, Russia, India, or China.
B) Violation: The aff defends X country which is not a BRIC country
C)
1) Predictable Limits.
2) Division of Ground.
a. The BRIC nations are key to the best aff advantage - effective climate change.  Leal-Arcas 13
Leal-Arcas, Rafael.  “The BRICS and Climate Change.”  International Affairs Forum.  7 August 2013.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23258020.2013.824246
The Kyoto Protocol …of the West.

b. Economic impact. BRIC nations are huge economic powers.  Economist 10
The Economist.  “The BRICS: The Trillion Dollar Club.”  April 15, 2010.  http://www.economist.com/node/15912964
The BRICs matter … of the IMF.

D) Fairness

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Travis AS | Judge: Catherine Tarsney
Text: US ought to institute an opt-out voting system a week from now.
Pitts 11: OPT-OUT VOTING Michael J. Pitts* Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Law–Indianapolis. http://law.hofstra.edu/pdf/academics/journals/lawreview/lrv_issues_v39n04_cc-3-pitts-final.pdf  2011. Hofstra Law
Opt-out voting‘s basic…in several ways:

Best to encourage people to vote.
Pitts 11: OPT-OUT VOTING Michael J. Pitts* Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Law–Indianapolis. http://law.hofstra.edu/pdf/academics/journals/lawreview/lrv_issues_v39n04_cc-3-pitts-final.pdf  2011. Hofstra Law
Review. However, nudging … fit the bill.

Solves the aff
Pitts 11: OPT-OUT VOTING Michael J. Pitts* Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Law–Indianapolis. http://law.hofstra.edu/pdf/academics/journals/lawreview/lrv_issues_v39n04_cc-3-pitts-final.pdf  2011. Hofstra Law
In short, the … the ?right? person.

Net benefit is more informed voting
Pitts 11: OPT-OUT VOTING Michael J. Pitts* Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Law–Indianapolis. http://law.hofstra.edu/pdf/academics/journals/lawreview/lrv_issues_v39n04_cc-3-pitts-final.pdf  2011. Hofstra Law
Compulsory voting has … voting might not.79

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner SO | Judge: Daniel Imas
The only way to determine what is true is to determine whether it is true in a specific context.  
Brendel and Jager 04 Elke Brendel and Christoph Jäger.  “Contextualist Approaches to Epistemology: Problems and Prospects.”  2004.  http://www.jstor.org/stable/20013285
One theory of … are cleverly disguised

There is no stable conception of personhood over time, implies that we can only base moral principles on specific contexts.  
Shultz 86 (Persons, Selves, and Utilitarianism. Bart Shultz.)
Furthermore, since on … sense, be indeterminate.

Contextual epistemology implies pragmatism.
Hookaway 11 (Christopher.  “JAMES’S EPISTEMOLOGY AND THE WILL TO BELIEVE.”  2011.  http://lnx.journalofpragmatism.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Hookway.pdf)
l examine some … for casual reflection.

Pragmatism is util.  
Durkheim 83 (Durkheim, Emile. Pragmatism and Sociology publ. by Cambridge University Press, 1983. marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/durkheim.htm)

Given this variability …a logical utilitarianism.

Thus, the standard is util.

The only principles people could accept are optimific, utilitarian ones.  
Ross n.d. (Jacob Ross, phil pf @ USC, “Derek Parfit.”)
The Kantian Contractualist … on rule-consequentialist principles.