Tournament: Scarsdale Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: any | Judge: any
Discussions of representations are a prerequisite to argumentation.
CRAWFORD 02
Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at Boston University, “Argument and Change in World Politics”, p. 19-21
Coherent arguments are...a meta-argument

Their calls to protect the environment is the rhetoric that is used to justify the development programs he criticizes.
SACHS 10
Wolfgang Sachs, author and research director at the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, in Germany, Chair of the board of Greenpeace Germany, a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “The Development Dictionary: a guide to knowledge as power – Environment” Second edition.
The same ambivalence...the old-established family.

IMPACT: The Aff creates flawed representations that eliminate identity and differences.
NAZ 2
FARZANA NAZ, 2006 “ARTURO ESCOBAR AND THE DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE: AN OVERVIEW” ASIAN AFFAIRS
Another central feature...through this discourse. 

The ALTERNATIVE is to embrace the paradigmatic framework of Buen Vivir in order to overcome Western development.
GUDYNAS 11 clarifies the alternative:
Eduardo Gudynas, Eduardo Gudynas is a senior researcher at the Latin American Center of Social Ecology (CLAES), based in Uruguay. His expertise is on sustainable development and alternatives to development., “Buen Vivir: Today’s tomorrow”, Society for International Development, 2011, DDA
Buen Vivir or...and ecological setting. 

Buen Vivir and a complete rejection of development discourse provide the only mechanism to move beyond Western development.
GUDYNAS 2
The classical Western...a pluricultural setting.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any
See Lex PC

Tournament: Bump | Round: 1 | Opponent: Regis CK | Judge: Rachelle Walker
I value morality as implied by the resolution.

To be moral, humans must be treated as ends in themselves because they have an intrinsic worth, and because human ends give values.
Rachels, 1986, (James, American philosopher who specialized in ethics and animal rights,“Kantian Theory: The Idea of Human Dignity”, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, http://public.callutheran.edu/~chenxi/phil345_022.pdf)
Act so that...of anything else.

Thus, the standard is protecting human autonomy by allowing them to be ends in themselves.

I contend that Attorney-Client privilege is key to protecting the autonomy of individuals.

1.) ACP allows the client to “run the show”, whereas in a world without ACP, the lawyer can and must disclose information outside of the control of the client, taking the client’s destiny out of his own hands.
McChrystal
http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1289andcontext=elders
A key aspect... the client's autonomy.

Tournament: Bump | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science EF | Judge: Benjamin Koh
I negate. Ought implies moral obligation.

Obligations are determined by the constitution proper and amendments.
The AC burden is to show the Constituion obligates the U.S. to value truth-seeking over attorney-client privilege in the CJS.

I contend that I best respect the Constitution by following it explicitly.
Failure to provide the ACP is unconstitutional as it denies the possibility of a fair trial.
DASHJIAN 1
Michael B. Dashjian, “People v. Meredith: The Attorney-Client Privilege and the Criminal Defendant’s Constitutional Rights” California Law Review, Vol. 70, No. 4. July 1982
If a state ... against their clients

Violation of the ACP is unconstitutional and denies the client the right to effective counsel.
DASHJIAN 2
Michael B. Dashjian, “People v. Meredith: The Attorney-Client Privilege and the Criminal Defendant’s Constitutional Rights” California Law Review, Vol. 70, No. 4. July 1982
The denial of...assistance of counsel

Abolishing the ACP is unconstitutional; it violates the accused’s right to counsel and against self-incrimination.
HAZARD 78
Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., “An Historical Perspective on the Attorney-Client Privilege”, 66 Cal. L. Rev. 1061 (1978).
In present day ... in substantial agreement.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: multiple | Judge:
I value morality as implied by the resolution.

1. Velleman justifies reasoning as the source of action.
   David J. Velleman, professor of philosophy at NYU, Self to Self
   To ask "Why ... of requirements altogether."

2. All rational agents must be able to come to a universal truth.
ENGSTROM
Stephen Engstrom, professor at University of Pittsburgh, Universal Legislation as a Form of Practical Knowledge, print
As I mentioned... and practical knowledge.

3. It is impossible to universalize denying someone’s freedom.
ENGSTROM
Now on the ... of the same.

Thus the standard protecting individual outer freedom.

1.) CV violates the right to freedom because it doesn’t grant the right to abstain.
LEVER 09
Annabelle Lever, 2009. Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method London School of Economics and Political Science “Compulsory voting: a critical perspective” LSE Research Online
The idea that ... on their interests.

2.) CV hurts freedom because people are coerced and may even go to jail
ROVENSKY
Jan Rovensky, 2008. LUISS School of Government, Voting: A Citizen’s Right, or Duty? The Case against Compulsory Voting LUISS ONLINE
A common reservation ... they are forced.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
See Lexington PC