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Cites
Entry
Date
Jan-Feb Asian Identity Politics K
Tournament: TOC | Round: Octas | Opponent: Newark Science CQ | Judge: Niemi, Nails, Wheeler A. Links: The Black-White binary is grounded in African-American sociohistorical experience- it perpetuates racial exclusion of nationalities lumped under Asian-American-discussions of identity politics must account for unique historical patterns and policies that shape identity. Junn and Masuoka ‘08 Jane Junn and Natalie Masuoka , “Asian American Identity: Shared Racial Status and Political Context”. Perspectives on Politics, Dec. 2008, American Political Science Association. Quals: Associate Professor of Political Science, Rutgers and Tufs, respectively. RP 3/2/14 In today’s diverse environment… and racial tropes.
B. Impacts: His criticism masks the term “Asian-American” which homogenizes a diverse group the categorization is perpetuated in state immigration policies that classifies acceptable social categories- our method of assimilation and epistemological viewpoint is distinct from the Black or Europeans- you must endorse this criticism to recognize a diversity of population and reject racial tropes. Junn and Masuoka 2 Scholars of black politics point ... minority while remaining forever foreigner.
C. Alternative: Reject the methods and discourse of the 1NC- the model minority myth and homogenous culture allows for infinite structural violence against the oppressed because culture becomes a tool for political agendas- the only way to solve racism and collective Asian problems is to embrace Asian Americans as dynamic and diverse. Wu ‘14 Ellen D. Wu, “Asian Americans and the 'model minority' myth”. LA Times, January 23, 2014. Quals: history professor at Indiana University. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/commentary/la-oe-0123-wu-chua-model-minority-chinese-20140123,0,849364.story#ixzz2upZfKqSt. RP 3/2/13
Previews of Amy Chua's forthcoming … than one-dimensional stereotypes.
5/2/14
Jan-Feb China DA
Tournament: Blake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Valley GS | Judge: McClung, Harris, Stuttgen A. UQ: China’s economy is stable now but upcoming reforms threaten collapse- maintain production key. Weil 12/18 Dan Weil , “Greenspan: Bubbles Surfacing in China's Economy:. Money News, December 18, 2013, http://www.moneynews.com/StreetTalk/Greenspan-bubbles-brewing-Chinas/2013/12/18/id/542695. RP 12/19/13 Bubbles are surfacing …significantly increase productivity."
B. Links Natural resources key to Chinese economy. Camus et al ‘13 Juan Andres Camus, Jane LePham, Roshan Shankar, and Kenny White, “Strictly Business? An Examination of China’s Natural- Resource Acquisition Strategy in Latin America”. SIEPR (Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research), April 2013 http://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/system/files/strictlybusinesssieprpolicybrief.pdf. RP 11/2/13
In 2011, China…its resource acquisition strategy.
C. Internal Links Collapse goes global. Shenkar ‘04 Oded Shenkar, Ford Motor Company Chair in Global Business Management at the Fisher College of Business, “The Chinese Century” October 13th 2004, pages 172-3 A Doomsday scenario … not seen since the 1930’s.
D. Impact- Economic decline results in global nuclear war. Bearden Do you even need this cite?: Lt Col. Beardon, PhD, 2000 http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/04250020-20modified.htm Lt. Col Thomas E. Bearden (retd.) PhD, MS (nuclear engineering), BS (mathematics - minor electronic engineering) Co-inventor - the 2002 Motionless Electromagnetic Generator - a replicated overunity EM generator Listed in Marquis' Who'sWho in America, 2004 The Tom Bearden Website From: Tom Bearden To: (Correspondent) Subj: Zero-Point Energy Date: Original Tue, 25 Apr 2000 12:36:29 -0500 Modified and somewhat updated Dec. 29, 2000.
History bears out that …at least for many decades.
1/10/14
Jan-Feb India Food Shortages DA
Tournament: Blake | Round: Finals | Opponent: Whitman DM | Judge: Koh, Shmikler, Korsakov A. UQ: India’s food supply stable now but reliant on phosphate imports to combat a growing population. Jadhav ‘13
(Reuters) - India, one … editing by David Evans) B. Links Phosphate extraction tradesoff with environmental protection but key to world food supplies, no alternatives exist. Pearce ‘11 Fred Pearce , “Phosphate: A Critical Resource?Misused and Now Running Low”. Environment 360, Yale University, July 07, 2011.http://e360.yale.edu/feature/phosphate_a_critical_resource_misused_and_now_running_out/2423/. RP 12/21/13 If you wanted … substitutes for phosphorus.
C. Internal Links- a fraction of the link causes immediate food price increases cause-crippling stability in India and causes conflict with Pakistan- statistical and empirical proof from the Arab Spring confirms Lagi et al ‘11 Marco Lagi, Karla Z. Bertrand and Yaneer Bar-Yam , “The Food Crises and Political Instability in North Africa and the Middle East”. New England Complex Systems Institute, August 10, 2011. RP 12/21/13 In 2011 protest movements … food supply system.
Indo-Pak conflict goes nuclear- Indian air superiority forces Pakistan’s hand. Sharma 11 Sharma, Vijay. "Pakistan Likely to Use Nuclear Weapons on India "a Few Days" into War: US Ambassador (Wikileaks) | Real Time News, India RTN Asia, 30 May 2011. Web. 23 July 2012. http://rtn.asia/509_pakistan-likely-use-nuclear-weapons-india-few-days-war-us-ambassador.
The US ambassador… equivalent aircraft," she D. Extinction. Hogan 1 Michael Hogan, The Nuclear Freeze Campaign, 1994, p. 52 In the fall of 1983… number of scientists.”
1/10/14
Jan-Feb Intrinsic Value Off
Tournament: TOC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Loyola CK | Judge: Gorthey Only agents are intrinsically valuable; facts about the world only have value relative to agents. Hill : Thomas Hill, Jr. “Self-regarding suicide: A modified Kantian view,” in Autonomy and Self-Respect, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 102-103.
The second argument… their own sakes.
To say that an object could have value that is non-derivative from humans valuing them is just to say that that object has some objective, non-relational value-making property. But such a property is only perceptible through intuition, and intuitions cannot reliably ascertain that the environment has such a property. Hill 2 Early in this century..poor arbiter.
Thus negate under the AC burden structure.
5/2/14
Jan-Feb Ozamataz Buckshank NC
Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Loyola CK | Judge: Shabaz Shaik Same FW as Nov-Dec Land of Ten Thousand Lakes NC
Prioritizing environmental protection over resource extraction means regarding environmental protection as a more important goal than resource extraction. Prioritizing environmental protection over resource extraction describes a state in which an agent—the developing country—regards environmental protection as more important than resource extraction. Nebel Jake Nebel, “Topicality, Implementation, and What We Ought to Prioritize”. Vicotry Briefs Daily, January 29th, 2014. http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/topicality-implementation-and-what-we-ought-to-prioritize. RP 1/30/14
Analytic contention
2/9/14
Jan-Feb Revenue Distribution CP
Tournament: VBT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart KH | Judge: Castillo A. CP Text: Developing countries should prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection when the two are in conflict and directly distribute the revenue from resource extraction to their citizens. Diamond and Mosbacher ’13 Larry Diamond and Jack Mosbacher, “Petroleum to the People:Africa’s Coming Resource Curse—and How to Avoid It”. Foreign Affairs, September October 2013. Quals: LARRY DIAMOND is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, where he directs the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. JACK MOSBACHER is a Research Associate at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139647/larry-diamond-and-jack-mosbacher/petroleum-to-the-people. RP 1/3/14
Given that reality... their ownership of it.
B. Competition:
Mutually exclusive 2. Net benefits- turns and disads to the aff are reasons why the alt alone is preferable
C. Solvency
CP solves the resource curse better than the aff- creates accountability and a tax base for economic stability. Diamond and Mosbacher 2 The oil-to-cash approach ... that the state is spending.
Banking and identification structures already exist- empirics flow neg. Diamond and Mosbacher 3 To many, the concept ... Kenya’s M-Pesa, are proliferating.
CP solves political corruption- incentives rulers to change their policies and it empowers citizens- a risk of solvency accesses the aff. Diamond and Mosbacher 4
But nine of the ... handling of oil wealth.
1/10/14
Jan-Feb Russia DA
Tournament: Kandi King RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Hockaday CN | Judge: Lawson, Nunley A. UQ: Russian oil extraction high now, ensures regime stability. Adomanis ‘14 Mark Adomanis, “Russia's Oil Industry Is Doing Fine, Which Is Great News For The Kremlin”. Forbes Magazine Online, Internationa, January 3rd, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2014/01/03/russias-oil-industry-is-doing-ok-which-is-good-news-for-the-kremlin/print/. RP 1/28/14 Russia’s economy had a … weakness in the developed world.
C. Internal Links: Reduced oil production causes crippling political and economic instability. Pritchard ‘14 Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, “$60 oil will finish Russia's Putin regime, says Hermitage's Browder”. The Telegraph Online, Economics, January 22nd, 2014. Quals: Ambrose Evans-Pritchard has covered world politics and economics for 30 years, based in Europe, the US, and Latin America. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ambroseevans-pritchard/100026424/60-oil-will-finish-russias-putin-regime-says-hermitages-browder/. RP 1/28/14 There is nothing behind the façade.can't get their money out again."
D. Impact: Civil war and European instability, causes stolen nukes and environmental disaster- extinction. David ’97 Steven David, “Internal War: Causes and Cures”. World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 4, July 1997, pp. 552-576. Quals: Professor of Political Science at John Hopkins University. Project Muse, https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/related/v049/49.4er_brown.html. RP 1/29/14 If internal war does strike Russia, economic deterioration will be a prime cause… that would follow a Russian civil war.
Turns the aff: A. Russian economic decline spurs nationalism. Graham ‘09 Thomas, Special assistant to the president and senior director for Russia on the National Security Council staff, The Century Foundation, “Resurgent Russia and U.S. Purposes”, http://tcf.org/events/pdfs/ev257/Graham.pdf)CL No one would gainsay … economic decline spurs anti-democracy
B. Russian nationalism leads to aggressive anti-semitism and genocide. Copila ’08 Copila, 8 Emanuel, teaching assistant and a PhD candidate within the Faculty of Political Sciences, Philosophy and Communicational Sciences, from West University of Timisoara (Romania) “ BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE:THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA” Romanian Review on Political Geography, http://www.scribd.com/doc/45787088/Cultural-Ideal-or-Geopolitical-Project-Eurasianism-s-Paradoxes NEH)
The anti-Semite dimension… by Asian or Muslim immigrants
4/9/14
Jan-Feb T Aquinas Spec
Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker VS | Judge: Newkirk A. Interpretation: If the aff defends a consequentialist standard, then the aff must specify a theory of the good by reading specific framework arguments that delineate what is to be promoted, maximized, or minimized. To clarify, the aff may not read a standard of “maximizing expected wellbeing” or “consequentialism” without explicitly contextualizing what wellbeing or consequences mean with a text in the 1AC . Examples of fair standards under my interpretation are “maximizing preference satisfaction, minimizing existential risk, or maximizing life”
B. Violation:
C. Standards
Strategy Skew- consequentialism is an incredibly broad ethical theory that encompasses numerous subtheories- it says the rightness of the action is determined by the states of affairs it produces and nothing more- to make it an actual ethical theory there has to be a good to promoted, such as pleasure or life. Haines William Haines, “Consequentialism”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.iep.utm.edu/conseque/#H1. Quals: The University of Hong Kong, China. RP 2/1/14
Consequentialism is the… objections to those reasons.
Impacts:
Stable Advocacy- the aff can shift in the 1AR to exclude negative framework responses, subsume the NC framework, and delink offense. Mill John Stuart Mill, “The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume X - Essays on Ethics, Religion, and Society”. University of Tornonto Press, Chapter II: What Utilitarnaiims Is, 1985. RP 2/4/14
Utilitarians have fully … comparison, of small account.
2. Resolvability
D. Voter:
fairness Drop the debater use competing interps
2/12/14
Jan-Feb T Country Spec
Tournament: VBT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart KH | Judge: Castillo A. Interpretation: On the January/February 2014 topic, the negative must implement the resolution as a general principle or a parametrized topical advocacy in all developing countries or at least concede links to negative disadvantages in said countries in cross examination. To clarify, the aff may read a plan that repeals or implements as specific topical policy, but may not defend only one country as the actor or only of a set of countries as the actor of the resolution. B. Violation C. Standards
Predictability A. Text B. Research Burdens There are 150 developing countries with varying economic and political conditions that make generics non applicable. LOC The Library of Congress, “Collections Policy Statement Index: Developing Countries”. http://www.loc.gov/acq/devpol/devcountry.pdf. RP 11/13/13
This Collection Policy Statement... highly industrialized countries.
2. Ground D. Voter: fairness Drop the debater use competing interps
1/10/14
Jan-Feb T Developing Countries
Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: HW AK | Judge: Holguin, Davis A. Interpretation: The agent who implements the aff’s advocacy must be a developing country, group of developing countries, or all developing countries, as defined by the World Bank : The World Bank, FAQs: About Development. June 2012, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTSITETOOLS/0contentMDK:20147486menuPK:344190pagePK:98400piPK:98424theSitePK:95474,00.html. RP 11/2/13 A developing country ...viable market-based economies.
B. Violation: Solutions for Hope isn’t even an NGO- it’s a corporate initiative. They write : Solutions for Hope, Home. http://solutions-network.org/site-solutionsforhope/. RP 2/12/14 In July of 2011 the ... which is in rich supply in the DRC.
C. Standards
Predictable Limits A. research burdens B. depth C. topic lit D. ground
2. Fiat Abuse- the plan isn’t even an instance of the conflict in the resolution- the closed pipeline trading network affects global supply chain that lets her avoid disadvantages to a country taking an action. Solutions for Hope Section 1502 of the US Dodd...a list of participating companies.
D. Voter: fairness, education Drop the debater, use competing interpretations
2/19/14
Jan-Feb T Disclose or Lose
Tournament: Blake | Round: Semis | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any A. Interp: On the January February 2014 topic, debaters must disclose broken topicality and theory interpretations with tags, citations, and first and last three for evidence, on the NDCA wiki at least an hour before the round
B. Violation
C. Standards
Solves All Abuse
2. Topic Education
3. Deterrence
I also read this interpretation on both sides of the topic: On the January February 2014 topic, the negative/affirmative debater must disclose broken and unbroken offensive theoretical and topicality interpretations against constructives and interpretations that have been disclosed
And this one: If that aff/neg defends a parametriczed advocacy, then the affirmative/negative debater must have a topical solvency advocate for the entirety of his advocacy and disclose the entirety of the plan/counterplan/alternative text and citations for the plan/CP's/alt's topical solvency advocate on the NDCA wiki at least an hour before the round.
2/12/14
Jan-Feb T FX
Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Greenhill MM | Judge: Dillard A. Interpretation: The aff must defend the direct limitation of natural resources when extraction of such resources tradesoff with environmental protection. To clarify, the aff may not implement a policy to protect the environment that indirectly causes limitation of extraction, or arrive at topical action through multiple steps. Fink ‘14 Ryan Fink, “Effective Topical Limits”. Victory Briefs, January 27, 2014. http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/effective-topical-limits. Quals: Assistant Debate Coach, Harker School. RP 3/9/14 This year’s Jan/Feb LD top… unlikelihood of a real ban.
B. Violation: C. Standards
Limits- there are an infinite number of policies that can indirectly cause topical action, and the aff can pick anyone of them. Environmental protection refers merely to
Black’s Law no date “What is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION?” The Law Dictionary Featuring Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. “What is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION? Environmental guardianship based on policies and procedures. Objectives are (1) the conserving of natural resources, (2) the preserving of the existing natural environment and, (3) where possible, repairing damage and reversing trends ”, so any plan that protects the environment in some way conserves resourcesImpacts: A. Research burdens B. depth C. Topic lit
D. Voter: first fairness Second, jurisdiction Drop the debater use competing interpretations
5/2/14
Jan-Feb T MEAs
Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Collegiate AO | Judge: Tartakovsky, Melin A. Interpretation: If the aff defends multi actor fiat, then the aff must defend action only by an international body or only defend a multilateral environmental agreement which is a legally binding agreement between three or more states relating in the environment, involving the enforcement from the United Nations. This advocacy must have a solvency advocate from the topic literature that advocates the entirety of the plan text, and citations for the solvency advocate and the plan text must be disclosed on the NDCA wiki an hour before the round, and this advocacy must be clearly delineated in the AC.
B. Violation
He advocates multiple LICs in South Asia/Latin America adopt individual environmental regulations 2. Citations for the solvency advocate aren’t disclosed
C. Standards
Real-world: Multilateral environmental agreements are the primary way that multiple developing countries address collective environmental policies. It also proves my interp is key to topic lit. UNITAR :
2. Ground- each country has different socioeconomic and political conditions that makes a unilateral solvency mechanism 100 irresolvable- that means the aff must defend each country implementing a unique policy but that destroys neg ground because there’s no way to predict or compare how each country will implement the aff- MEAs solve because they are actually tangible. UNEP http://www.unep.org/roap/Activities/EnvironmentalGovernance/SupportforMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreements/tabid/6781/Default.aspx You are: www.unep.org UNEP Regional Office for Asia Pacific Activities Environmental Governance Support for Multilateral Environmental Agreements United Nations Environment Programme
The development of multilateral ... support from regional offices.
3. Fiat Abuse:
D. Voter-fairness, education Drop the debater use competing interpretations
2/19/14
Jan-Feb T Minamata Convention
Tournament: VBT | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Peninsula AJ | Judge: Fink, Kaul, Joplin A. Interpretation: The aff may not read a plan that has all developing countries will sign, ratify and pass domestic legislation implementing, the Minamata Convention on Mercury. To clarify, under my interpretation disclosed plans with a solvency advocate and fair distribution of ground are permissible- just not this one.
B. Violation
C. Standards
Predictability A. Research Burdens B. Ground C. Utopian Fiat D. Strat Skew
2. Ground- the plan doesn’t take nearly enough stringent measures on mercury extractions- it implements totally non controversial policies which still extract resources but do it in the cleanest way possible- means the plan is extra topical as well. Bailey ‘13 Marianne Bailey, “Minamata Convention on Mercury”. Environmental Protection Agency, December 19, 2013. http://epa.gov/international/toxics/mercury/minamata.html. RP 1/5/14 The Minamata Convention... from mercury pollution.
D. Voter- fairness, education drop the debater use competing interps
1/10/14
Jan-Feb T Narrow Standard Plan
Tournament: Penn RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison DD | Judge: Zimmerman A. Interpretation: If the aff reads a parametricized advocacy, then the aff must also defend a consequentialist maximization based impact inclusive standard . To clarify:
either a non utilitarian framework or a plan is permissible under my interp- just not the two combined. 2. the consequentialist standard’s theory of the good may not hold that the environment, or components of it, is intrinsically valuable
B. Violation: C. Standards Ground- the aff can pick a framework a fiat the perfect advocacy to generate uncontestable offense. Brennan Brennan, Andrew and Lo, Yeuk-Sze, "Environmental Ethics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2011/entries/ethics-environmental/. RP 3/12/14 Although environmental ethicists ... the natural environment.
D. Voter: Fairness, education drop the debater, use CI
4/8/14
Jan-Feb T Prioritize
Tournament: Stanford | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harker PR | Judge: Newkirk, Gans, Lamothe A. Interpretation: Merriam-Webster defines prioritize as “to list or rate (as projects or goals) in order of priority” so prioritizing environmental protection over resource extraction means regarding environmental protection as a more important goal than resource extraction. Prioritizing environmental protection over resource extraction describes a state in which an agent—the developing country—regards environmental protection as more important than resource extraction. Nebel Jake Nebel, “Topicality, Implementation, and What We Ought to Prioritize”. Vicotry Briefs Daily, January 29th, 2014. http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/topicality-implementation-and-what-we-ought-to-prioritize. RP 1/30/14 Prioritize.” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prioritize I hear that many affirmatives…this advocacy might only be effects-topical.)
B. Violation: C. Standards
Common Usage- 2. Predictable Limits- there are over 150 developing countries each with multiple extractive industries, ranging from natural gas to rare earth metals, and under a policy implementation only view the aff can defend any one of them. That massively underlimits, the topic, generating an infinite case list. My interp constrains the aff to defending the most significant policies in the lit that require changes in belief. Nebel 2 People might respond … happens, but dispute that it is relevant.
D. Voter: fairness, education, jurisdiction drop the debater, use competing interps T before theory
2/12/14
Jan-Feb T Prioritize
Tournament: TOC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Loyola CK | Judge: Gorthey A. Interp: The aff must defend the implementation of specific policies that are instances of environmental protection being prioritized over resource extraction. New Oxford Dictionary defines prioritize is as to: “designate or treat (something) as more important than other things”, thus topical affs must implement and defend action that shows changes in beliefs, not merely a change in beliefs.
B. Violation: C. Standards: Predictability
Field Context- prioritize in relation to a government actor means to push goals into the realm of public policy and choose which policy to engage. Jones and Baumgartner Bryan D. Jones and Frank R. Baumgartner, “The Politics of Attention?How Government Prioritizes Problems”. University of Chicago Press, 2005. Quals: Professor, University of Washington, Professor, Penn State. RP 7/30/13 But how does a person … make the distinction any less valid.
2. Common Usage- the New Oxford and multiple other dictionaries define prioritizes as the proactive act of treating or designating as more important, so prioritize in the real world is used to indicate specific modes of belief change. Bradford confirms: Colin I. Bradford, Jr. , “Prioritizing Economic Growth: Enhancing Macroeconomic Policy Choice”. UNC, 2004, http://www.g24.org/TGM/brad0904.pdf. RP 4/4/14 These two moves … objectives simultaneously
3. Topic Lit: the core of scholarly literature regarding tradeoffs between the environment and resource extraction discusses tangible policies even at the most minute level, not wholesale changes in beliefs. Agyeman ‘02 Julian Agyeman, "Exploring the Nexus: Bringing Together Sustainability, Environmental Justice and Equity". Space and Polity, 6:1, 77-90, p. 87, Quals: Professor Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning-Tufts University, 2002. RP 4/3/14 One final consideration … environmental degradation.
Not a single author advocates a country change it’s entire belief system to give abstract precedence, since meaningful state policy discussion is grounded in nuanced and acute policy discussion. Overing ‘14 Bob Overing, comment on “Topicality, Implementation, and What We Ought to Prioritize”, Jake Nebel”. Victory Briefs Daily, January 28th, 2014. Quals: Ideologue, 2012 TOC Finalist, Debate coach at Loyola HS, Undergraduate at USC. http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/topicality-implementation-and-what-we-ought-to-prioritize. RP 4/4/14 From a pragmatic standpoint … action seems to work much better
4. Framers Intent
D. Voter- first fairness, . Two education Drop the debater use competing interpretations
5/2/14
Jan-Feb T Resource Extraction
Tournament: Harvard | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Collegiate AO | Judge: Tartakovksy, Zhang, Woods A. Interpretation: The aff must only defend advantages to limiting the extraction of oil, natural gas, or minerals. SEC US Security and Exchange Commission, 2012, "Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers," http://www.sec.gov/info/smallbus/secg/resource-extraction-small-entity-compliance-guide.htm To determine whether it ... preparatory to commercial development.
B. Violation C. Standards
Textual Precision- fossil fuels and minerals are non renewable resources. WTO World Trade Organization, “Trade in natural resources”. World Trade Report, Section B: natural resources: Definitions, trade patterns and globalization, 2010. http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report10_e.pdf. RP 2/5/14 In resource economics, a distinction .. recognized by policy makers
2. Predictable Limits D. Voter: fairness, education Drop the debater , use competing interpretations
2/19/14
Jan-Feb T Should
Tournament: Stanford | Round: Octas | Opponent: Walt Whitman YC | Judge: Shmikler, Hudgens, Bistagne A. Interpretation: Oxford Dictionary defines should as: indicating a desirable or expected state. This means the aff must defend the desirability of the resolution as a state of affairs, and adopt a consequentialist ethical framework.
Ground 2. Predictability A. Common Usage B. Topic Lit
D. Voter: fairness, education drop the debater, use competing interps
2/12/14
Jan-Feb T Should
Tournament: Penn RR | Round: Semis | Opponent: Whitman JL | Judge: Natbony, Millman, McCarthy A. Interpretation: Oxford Dictionary defines should as: indicating a desirable or expected state:by now pupils should be able to read with a large degree of independence . This means the aff must defend the desirability of the resolution as a state of affairs, and adopt a consequentialist ethical framework. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/should
B. Violation: C. Standards
Ground- all impacts link to consequentialism so it maximizes ground. Other standards are arbitrarily narrow and exclude offense for both debaters, or function as necessary but insufficient side constrains. Preempts: A. Philosophical ground is non competitive. framework arguments simply become post fiat impact calculus. Peterson Martin Peterson, “A Royal Road to Consequentialism?”.Division of Philosophy, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, November 16, 2008. RP 2/24/14 Euclid famously told King … Call this the asymmetry argument.
B. you can do it too is non responsive 2. Predictability A. Common Usage- the Oxford Dictionary definition indicates English speakers presume a consequentialist calculus when saying X should be prioritized, especially in context of a countries decision. Sinnott-Armstrong confirms: Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, "Consequentialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/consequentialism/. Even if consequentialists can… as consequentialists claim
B. Topic Lit- most literature on environmental protection versus resource extraction concerns the economic benefits of specific policies. The underlying decision calculus is consequentialist. Silberg Mark Silberg, “Quantification and Consequentialism: Ethics in Natural Resource Management”. June 7, 2012. Quals: Executive Director at Spark Clean Energy, Northwestern BA. RP 2/1/14
In broad strokes, the history of moral philosophy… agency becomes irrelevant
D. Voter: fairness, education, jursidiction on T drop the debater, use CI
4/8/14
Jan-Feb T Should Obligation
Tournament: TOC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Loyola CK | Judge: Gorthey A. Interpretation: Should is defined as a moral obligation. Blumenthal Cynthia Blumenthal, “Shall vs. Should”. American Society for Quality Knowledge Center, NO DATE Quals: MA, SFSU. http://asq.org/standards-shall-should. RP 2/1/14 On the other hand, should …moral obligation” (5)
To clarify, this means that aff cannot impact arguments to permissibility or claim permissibility ground. B. Violation: C. Standards
Predictability A. Common Usage B. Framers Intent 2. Ground A. Bidirectional Ground B. Strategy Skew D. Voter: first fairness, Two education vote on jurisdiction independent of fairness and education use competing interpretations
5/2/14
Jan-Feb T Spec
Tournament: Blake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Valley GS | Judge: McClung, Harris, Stuttgen A. Interp: The aff must specify the scope of the affirmative advocacy with regards to the actor, implementation method, extension of environmental protection, and types of resources the aff defends advantages to not extraction with a written down text that includes all of that in the 1AC.
B. Violation
C. Standards
Ground 2. Strat Skew- there multiple types of enforcement and extraction methods, so I can never form a coherent strategy to encompass all of them. SEC clarifies:
D. Voter: fairness, education Drop the debater, use competing interps
1/10/14
Jan-Feb T XO Yasuni
Tournament: Penn RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitman DM | Judge: Natbony, Yi A. Interpretation: If the aff defends changes to oil extraction in Yasuni or restoring the Yasuni-ITT initiative, then the AC’s mechanism must only consist of an executive order by Ecuador’s president to enact the plan
B. Violation: The AC defends the Ecuadorian National Assembly reverses a vote
C. Standards Fiat Abuse: Normal means in Ecuador requires a presidential executive order to reverse the ban on drilling. The national assembly doesn’t have binding authority to enact legislation and only acts upon the whims of the president, who controls the dominant party. Hill ‘13 David Hill, “Why Ecuador's president is misleading the world on Yasuni-ITT”. The Guardian, October 15, 2013. Harvard Kennedy School, Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. http://www.innovations.harvard.edu/news/2997035.html. RP 1/15/14 Rafael Correa has moved … donors were never convinced.
Impacts:
Saps negative referendum counterplan ground- - the best alternative to the plan in the literature just is to hold another national referendum on the issue AP ‘13 AP in Quito, “Yasuni: Ecuador abandons plan to stave off Amazon drilling”. The Guardian, Online, August 15th, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/16/ecuador-abandons-yasuni-amazon-drilling. RP 1/15/14 Ecuador's President Rafael Correa… production to the United States.
D. Voter: Fairness, education drop the debater, use CI
4/8/14
Jan-Feb Twin Cities NC
Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Roseville NM | Judge: Hudgens Only agents are intrinsically valuable; facts about the world only have value relative to agents. Hill : Thomas Hill, Jr. “Self-regarding suicide: A modified Kantian view,” in Autonomy and Self-Respect, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 102-103.
The second argument… their own sakes.
To say that an object could have value that is non-derivative from humans valuing them is just to say that that object has some objective, non-relational value-making property. But such a property is only perceptible through intuition, and intuitions cannot reliably ascertain that the environment has such a property. Hill 2 Early in this century..poor arbiter.
If there are any valid norms governing the use of non-intrinsic goods, the norms governing the free use of those goods must be fairly applied to all agents regardless of their socio-historical location
A valid moral principle must countenance the claims of a plurality of agents and apply fairly to all of them. Sandel : Michael J. Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice: 2nd Edition, 1998, p.50-52. With these qualifications….individual human being.
the negative burden is that the principle that prioritizes environmental protection over resource extraction when the two conflict is an invalid principle regarding the use of the environment.
Analytic contention.
12/25/13
Jan-Feb UNEP CP
Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Greenhill MM | Judge: Dillard A. CP Text: INSERT AFF ACTOR will implement the UNEP’s recommendations for integrating environment and natural resource issues into peace building interventions and conflict prevention. Matthew et al ‘09 Richard Matthew, Oli Brown, and David Jensen, “From conflict to peacebuilding: The role of natural resources and the environment”. United Nations Environment Programme, February 2009. RP 4/20/14 Since 1990 at least eighteen… as well as between states
This:
Supercharges uniqueness on each net benefit 2. Sidesteps all AC offense and comparison 3. Nonuniques disads B. Competition:
Mutually Exclusive 2. Net Benefits 3. Severance and intrinsicness are voting issues C. Solvency
CP checks post-conflict relapse by providing quick revenue for economy recovery and key services that ensures social stability, and creates a positive feedback loop for institutional stability. Matthew et al 2 Richard Matthew, Oli Brown, and David Jensen, “From conflict to peacebuilding: The role of natural resources and the environment”. United Nations Environment Programme, February 2009. RP 4/20/14 Recreating a viable economy after … exist through these mechanisms. 2. Solves environmental impacts- Matthew et al 3 a) Direct impacts: are … services towards military objectives.
5/2/14
Jan-Feb Util Off
Tournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale RG | Judge: Fried Consequentialism means you negate. Merriam-Webster defines prioritizeL “Prioritize.” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prioritizedefines prioritize as “to list or rate (as projects or goals) in order of priority” so if consequentialism is incapable of giving lexical priority to actions or fails to guide actions, then environmental protection ought not be prioritized over resource extraction.
The none-such problem 2. An infinite world contains an infinite amount of value, so consequentialism fails to prescribe action. Bostrom Bostrom, Nick Professor at University of Oxford, director of Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute, PhD from London School of Economics. The Infinitarian Challenge to Aggregative Ethics. 2008. http://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/infinite.pdf The infinite case is …absurdum, this one is.
The universe is infinite. Bostrom 2: In the standard Big…for a popular review, see
3. There is no intrinsically valuable state of affairs, so utility halts action because states can never know what its citizens’ “interests” really are. 4. Each action produces consequences and further consequnces, so on to infinity. Dorsey Dale Dorsey, "Consequentialism, Metaphysical Realism and the Argument from Cluelessness,” Philosophical Quarterly 62 (246): 48-70 (2012). First, virtually anything …. consequences (even if, in fact, they are).
5/2/14
Nov-Dec Ilaw DA
Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Whitman SP | Judge: Scoggin, Lonam, Koshak A. UQ: The US is losing the grip on human rights leadership now and they are trying to take action to strengthen hold on leadership with the IACHR convention. Kamuf et al 10/23 Kamuf et al 10/23(JoAnn Kamuf Ward, Associate Director, Human Rights in the U.S. Project at Columbia Law School's Human Rights Institute? Douglas Cantwell, Victoria Gilcrease-Garcia, Ami Shah and Caroline Stover, Human Rights on Hold, 10/23/2013 3:27 pm, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joann-kamuf/human-rights-on-hold_b_4132288.html) The federal government … remain on hold. B. Link: Privilege is grounded in international law – affirmative violates?Boghosian, National Lawyers Guild, 2006 Death Knell for the American Right to Counsel: The Lynne Stewart Case and the Impact of Federal Government Spying on Attorneys, Heidi Boghosian, CR: The New Centennial Review, Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 2006, pp. 103-131 (Article), Published by Michigan State University Press, DOI: 10.1353/ncr.2006.0014, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ncr/summary/v006/6.1boghosian.html International law also … with legal counsel (Lawyers Committee 2001).
C. Internal Link: Effective international law solves every impact—US commitment uniquely key. IEER: Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and the Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy. Rule of Power or Rule of Law? An Assessment of U.S. Policies and Actions Regarding Security-Related Treaties. May 2002. http://www.ieer.org/reports/treaties/execsumm.pdf The evolution of international …. crimes against humanity
D. Impact: The only alternative to international law is genocide and nuclear war. Shaw ‘1: Shaw, Martin Professor of International Relations and Politics at the University of Sussex. “The unfinished global revolution: intellectuals and the new politics of international relations.” October 3, 2001. http://www.martinshaw.org/unfinished.pdf The new politics of … politics, are intertwined.
12/25/13
Nov-Dec Land of Ten Thousand Lakes NC
Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harrison DD | Judge: McClung, Stuttgen, Holguin To negate means “to deny the existence or truth of,” negate." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010. Merriam-Webster Online. 18 August 2010. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/negate
The resolution is a comparison of two principles within the criminal justice systems, Northrop ‘09 Daniel Northrop, “The Attorney-Client Privilege and Information Disclosed to an Attorney with the Intention That the Attorney Draft a Document To Be Released to Third Parties: Public Policy Calls for at Least the Strictest Application of the Attorney-Client Privilege”. Fordham Law Review, Volume 78, Issue 3, Article 14, 2009. RP 10/29/13 Despite the entrenched … proponents and critics.
In order for a principle to be prioritized in the CJS, it must be possible for actors to know whether their actions are in accord with or in violation of that principle.
We must be able to explain the unity of action. Laurence Ben Laurence, “An Anscombean Approach to Collective Action”. University of Chicago, pp.8-10. RP 9/8/13 Expanding on an example… they serve.
3. The condition of identifying your action as your own is to identify what you are doing as in line with the principle of choice on which you act. Korsgaard
CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, “SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT”. The Journal of Ethics 1999, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 1-29. Specifically, “VII. GOOD ACTION AND THE UNITY OF THE KANTIAN WILL”. Professor of Philosphy, Harvard University. RP 7/21/13 The first step is this: To conceive … which you act Thus, the burden on both debaters is to show that the principle they advocate is a possible principle of action
Analytic contention
12/25/13
Nov-Dec T Ought
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: WDM Valley JS | Judge: Thompson A. Interpretation: Dictionary.com defines ought as “used to express duty or moral obligation”
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: WDM Valley JS | Judge: Thompson A. Interpretation: FreeDictionary defines the noun precedence as The fact, state, or right of preceding; priority. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/precedence)
Thus the aff must defend and implement a policy change to the status quo US criminal justice system that gives truth seeking precedence over attorney client privilege. Truth seeking and ACP refer to tangible policies that are balanced by courts, not abstract ideals or justifications. Steckman and Granofsky ‘10
Laurence A. Steckman and Richard Granofsky, “THE ASSERTION OF ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE BY COUNSEL IN LEGAL MALPRACTICE CASES: POLICY, PRIVILEGE, AND THE SEARCH FOR TRUTH IN CASES INVOLVING IMPLIED WAIVERS”. American Bar Association, “Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Law Journal”., Spring/Summer 2010 (45:3-4) pp.839-840. Quals: Laurence Steckman is a partner in the New York office of Lester Schwab Katz and Dwyer, LLP and Richard Granofsky is a partner in the New York office of Lester Schwab Katz and Dwyer, LLP. http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/tort_insurance_law_journal/tips_vol45_no3_4_Steckman.authcheckdam.pdf RP 11/20/13
Waiver of attorney-client … number of occasions
12/25/13
Sept-Oct Debt Ceiling Politics
Tournament: Voices | Round: Finals | Opponent: Palo Alto TC | Judge: Newkirk, M Overing, Placido A. UQ: Debt ceiling deal happens now- House Republicans are out and Senate Republicans are in, fosters compromise to avert immediate shutdown. Davis and Singer 10/12
CV kills Obama’s political capital. Keaney and Roger 06 Emily Keaney and Ben Rogers “A Citizen’s Duty: Voter inequality and the case for compulsory turnout.” Quals: writers for the IPPR, The Institute for Public Policy Research (UK’s leading progressive think tank established in 1988) May 2006. http://www.ippr.org/ecomm/files/a_citizen27s_duty.pdf. RP 10/12/13 The little polling that has … turn out in very low numbers. 2. Congress opposes universal turnout- incumbent representatives and senators have a vested interest in maintaining their current voting base. Beinart ‘89 Peter A. Beinart, “The Real American Voting Problem”. Polity, Vo. 22 (1), Autumn 1989, p.152. Yale University. RP 9/7/13
The more important reason … the size of the ball field." C. Internal Link: This will destroy the U.S. and global economy?Davidson 9/10 Adam Davison, “Our Debt to Society”. New York Times Online, September 10, 2013. Quals: Co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)). RP 10/12/13 This is the definition of a deficit… unique role in the global economy. D. Impact- Economic decline results in global nuclear war. Bearden
Lt Col. Beardon, PhD, 2000 http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/04250020-20modified.htm Lt. Col Thomas E. Bearden (retd.) PhD, MS (nuclear engineering), BS (mathematics - minor electronic engineering) Co-inventor - the 2002 Motionless Electromagnetic Generator - a replicated overunity EM generator Listed in Marquis' Who'sWho in America, 2004 The Tom Bearden Website From: Tom Bearden To: (Correspondent) Subj: Zero-Point Energy Date: Original Tue, 25 Apr 2000 12:36:29 -0500 Modified and somewhat updated Dec. 29, 2000.
History bears out that desperate … at least for many decades.
12/25/13
Sept-Oct Immigration Politics
Tournament: Bronx RR | Round: Finals | Opponent: Harrison DD | Judge: Biel, McClung, Koh, Cameron, Dunay A. UQ: Immigration reform passes now- Obama’s momentum after shutdown is sufficient to persuade House republicans, but capital is key. Santoro 10/15 Evan McMorris-Santoro, “Obama Has Already Won The Shutdown Fight And He’s Coming For Immigration Next”. Buzz Feed Politics Online, October 15, 2013 at 10:59pm EDT. http://www.buzzfeed.com/evanmcsan/obama-has-already-won-the-shutdown-fight-and-hes-coming-for RP 10/16/13 WASHINGTON — As the fiscal fight … lines calling for reform.” B. Link:
CV kills Obama’s political capital. Keaney and Roger 06 Emily Keaney and Ben Rogers “A Citizen’s Duty: Voter inequality and the case for compulsory turnout.” Quals: writers for the IPPR, The Institute for Public Policy Research (UK’s leading progressive think tank established in 1988) May 2006. http://www.ippr.org/ecomm/files/a_citizen27s_duty.pdf. RP 10/12/13 The little polling that has … turn out in very low numbers. 2. Congress opposes universal turnout- incumbent representatives and senators have a vested interest in maintaining their current voting base. Beinart ‘89 Peter A. Beinart, “The Real American Voting Problem”. Polity, Vo. 22 (1), Autumn 1989, p.152. Yale University. RP 9/7/13
The more important reason … the size of the ball field."
C. Internal Link: Comprehensive reform are key to relations with China and India. Williams ‘12 "Comprehensive immigration reform … controversial and elusive.
Carol J, International Affairs Writer “Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform”, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html) D. Impact: US/India relations averts South Asian nuclear war. Schaffer 02 Schaffer, 2002 (Teresita – Director of the South Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Security, Washington Quarterly, p. Lexis) Washington's increased interest in India … relations with the United States.
Washington's increased interest … relations with the United States.
12/25/13
Sept-Oct T Blank Ballots
Tournament: Greenhill RR Neg Rounds | Round: 1 | Opponent: All NEG Rounds | Judge: T Blank Ballots: A. Interpretation: Compulsory voting refers to a system where each person receives a ballot and casts a meaningful vote in favor of one candidate or another. Pringle ‘12 Helen Pringle, (2012) Compulsory Voting in Australia: What is Compulsory?, Australian Journal of Political Science,?Vol. 47, No. 3, September 2012, pp. 427–440. RP 9/14/13 x245(1) of the Commonwealth Electoral… vote emphases added.2
B. Violation: his advocacy includes the use of blank ballots
C. Standards
Division of Ground-Malkopoulou ‘09
Anthoula Malkopoulou , “Lost Voters: Participation in EU elections and the case for compulsory voting”. Center for European Policy Studies, Working Document No. 317, July 2009. RP 9/14/13
A third objection to compulsory voting, and… blank or spoiled ballot paper (cited in Baston and Ritchie, 2004).
2. Topic literature- Power and Garand3 ‘07 Timothy J. Power James C. Garand , “Determinants of invalid voting in Latin America”. Electoral Studies 26 (2007). Quals: Centre for Brazilian Studies, University of Oxford, 92 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 7ND, and UK Department of Political Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-5433, USA. RP 9/14/13
Although voting is one of the most frequently studied aspects of politics, s… due to socioeconomic characteristics of the electorate?
D. Voter
Fairness 2. Education Drop the debater Use competing interpretations
12/25/13
Sept-Oct T Implementation
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Peninsula AJ | Judge: Fink, Overing, Mackenzie A. Interpretation: The affirmative must defend that compulsory electoral participation is morally obligatory, and that said obligation follows from the principles and nature of democracy. Birch1 ’09 Sarah Birch, “Full Participation: A Comparitive Study of Compulsory Voting”, p.42. Unversity of Essex, 2009. RP 9/7/13
The rights-based defense of…. social norm ought to be made legally binding.
B. Violation:
C. Standards
Predictability- “ought to be” indicates that the resolution is written in passive voice, used to express the irrelevance of the agent of action. Woodham Roger Woodham, “The passive with modals, future and infinitive forms”. BBC World Service, Learning English, Grammar, Learn It. 9/7/13 The passive with modals, f….participle becomes have been + past participle:
2. Limits: His interpretation underlimits the topic because the case list is practically infinite. He can defend the continuance of compulsory voting in any one of 26 countries around the world that have a form of compulsory voting with varying degrees of enforcement. UK Electoral Commission ‘06
Tournament: Greenhilll | Round: 5 | Opponent: Peninsula AT | Judge: Naila Dharani So LBJ Doesn't Call the Disclosure Police:
A. Interp- Aff may not read pre fiat warrants for their standard B. Violation C. Standards
Limits- any other interp allows for infinite performative pedagogies. Lutz 2000 Donald S. Lutz, “Plitical Theory and Partisan Politics”, pp.39-40, 2000.
Aristotle notes in the Politics that political theory … comparison of ac¬tual political systems.
2. Decision making- Esberg and Sagan ‘12 Jane Esberg and Scott D. Sagan (2012) NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy, The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108, DOI: 10.1080/10736700.2012.655089. Quals: Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation RP 7/16/13 These government or quasi-government think … teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14 D. Voter- fairness is a voter. Dropping the debater is the only way to rectify in round abuse . Shively 2000 Ruth Lessl, Former Assistant Prof. Pol. Sci. – Texas AandM, in “Political Theory and Partisan Politics”, Ed. Portis, Gundersen and Shively, pp. 181-182)
The requirements given thus… basic agreement or harmony.
12/25/13
Sept-Oct Venice Blvd NC
Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: All NEG Rounds | Judge: Venice Blvd NC Cites for Chip
(all neg rounds)
The aff must prove compulsory voting is compatible with the concept of voting itself, because if the compulsory aspect of voting is contrary to the goodness of voting, then it ought not be the case that in a democracy voting ought to be compulsory
First, voting is an act of individual self determination. Action’s are self expressions of an agent’s reasoning from their end to the means, which unifies their action into a cohesive movement as opposed to fragmented steps. Laurence:
Ben Laurence, “An Anscombean Approach to Collective Action”. University of Chicago, pp.8-10. RP 9/8/13
Expanding on an example from Anscombe … the action they serve.
Second, the constituve principle of agency is that agents see themselves as the cause of their own actions. Korsgaard:
CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD, “SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT”. The Journal of Ethics 1999, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 1-29. Specifically, “VII. GOOD ACTION AND THE UNITY OF THE KANTIAN WILL”. Professor of Philosphy, Harvard University. RP 7/21/13
The first step is this: To conceive … choice on which you act.
Thus the sufficient negative burden is to prove compulsory voting is inconsistent with the inherent value of voting.
I contend that the compulsory aspect of affirming undermines the voluntary principle of voting Lever:
Annabelle Lever, “Is Compulsory Voting Justified?”. Public Reason 1 (1): 57-74, 2009. The London School of Economics and Political Science. RP 9/13/13
Democratic government can be …., let alone of voting in national, rather than other, elections. 44
