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Cites
Entry
Date
All Theory Interps
Tournament: JAN-FEB | Round: Quads | Opponent: EBTs | Judge: Justice A. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose theory and T interpretations for this topic on the NDCA wiki.
2/13/14
Back to the Future AC
Tournament: TOC | Round: 9 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk I value morality, meaning ethical interpersonal conduct. States are moral actors, and are thus subject to this value. Adam Mount writes: Mount, Adam. Doctoral Candidate, Georgetown University “The Moral Agency of States.” Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, June 25, 2008. CH “This applies also to corporate… than where they currently stand. “ Next, morality governs interactions between agents, since actions gain moral weight only when they impact others. Lisa Hogg writes: Hogg, Lisa Department of Electronic Engineering – Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London “Towards Social Rationality” Socially Rational Agents – Some Preliminary Thought “For Agents situated in a… global bene?ts is as follows.” Indeed, morality exists to codify interactions between agents. Tom Beauchamp writes: Beauchamp, T. L. (2003). A Defense of the Common Morality. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 13(3), 259-274. doi:10.1353/ken.2003.0019
“Centuries of experience have demonstrated…. accounts for their moral authority. “ A fundamental norm must be for present people to not to intentionally harm future generations. Jeffrey Reiman 1 writes: Being Fair to Future People: The Non-Identity Problem in the Original Position Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Winter, 2007), pp. 69-92 AG “It seems reasonable for Parties… morally the interests of future people. “
Thus, the standard is recognizing future agents’ moral status. Prefer this standard because:
First, since we have the power to affect future groups’ lives, they’re always morally relevant. Reiman 2 shows: Being Fair to Future People: The Non-Identity Problem in the Original Position Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Winter, 2007), pp. 69-92 AG “Risky Policy, by contrast, depends… original position indicates are theirs. “ Second, not harming future people is simply an extension of the moral duty not to harm present people.
Trudy Govier writes: Govier, Trudy. What Should We Do about Future People? American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr., 1979), pp. 105-113 EA/AG
“Let us first consider a fairly… about which we are deliberating. “ My thesis is that future generations have a right to exist. I advocate that developing states use the principle of sustainable development to constrain resource extraction. This doesn’t mean they extract resources and protect the environment at the same time; instead, it means they seek new methods of development that don’t extract resources so as to preserve the environment.
Edith Weiss 1 writes: Weiss, Edith Brown. Professor, Georgetown University Law School “In Fairness To Future Generations and Sustainable Development.” American University International Law Review 8, no. 1 (1992): 19-26. CH ‘’ Sustainable development is inherently an… context, people have planetary rights “ By keeping the environment available for the future, affirming recognizes future agents’ moral status because: First, it ends the resource dependence that ignores future citizens. Indeed, the more resources dry up, the more developing states have to keep extracting them in an endless path of destruction. Carmen Gonzales 1 writes: Gonzales, Carmen G. Assistant Professor of Law, Seattle University School of Law “Beyond Eco-Imperialism: An Environmental Justice Critique of Free Trade.” Denver University Law Review, 2001. EE ‘’ Globalization has obscured the fact… the resource depletion. of natural resources. “ This builds an insatiable desire for material goods that only increases over time. Neva Goodwin writes: Goodwin, Neva MPA, Harvard Kennedy School; Ph.D., Economics, Boston University; Co-Chair, Board of New Economics Institute. Consumption and the Consumer Society, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, Sharpe 2008,
“Absolute deprivation is only one… buy everything I really need. “ Sustainable development redresses this harm by trying to preserve resource’s very existence without compromising economic needs.
Weiss 2 writes: Weiss, Edith Brown. Professor, Georgetown University Law School “In Fairness To Future Generations and Sustainable Development.” American University International Law Review 8, no. 1 (1992): 19-26. CH
“We must then ask how… quickly and effectively as possible.” The long-term goal of environmental protection thus trumps short-term poverty reduction as a goal, since only the former respects future generations’ status as moral agents. Second, affirming preserves future generations’ right to choose the types of lifestyle they want. Once developing states transition to extraction-based economies, they permanently alter their country’s economic structure, and can’t turn back the clock.
Gonzales 2 writes: Gonzales, Carmen G. Assistant Professor of Law, Seattle University School of Law “Beyond Eco-Imperialism: An Environmental Justice Critique of Free Trade.” Denver University Law Review, 2001. EE “Expanded commercial logging benefits transnational… threat to forests after logging. “ This makes all cultural choices for future people, ignoring their agency. Reiman 3 notes: Being Fair to Future People: The Non-Identity Problem in the Original Position Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Winter, 2007), pp. 69-92 AG
“However, we can distinguish these… while worldly properties remain constant. “
Sustainable development reduces this harm by keeping alternatives open to future people. Weiss 3 writes: Weiss, Edith Brown. Professor, Georgetown University Law School “In Fairness To Future Generations and Sustainable Development.” American University International Law Review 8, no. 1 (1992): 19-26. CH “There are three normative principles… to conserve the planet's resources.” Thus, affirming is the only way to preserve future agents’ moral status.
4/28/14
Circus AC
Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: All ACs | Judge: Circus AC
CV Definition Matsler, Sean. Class of 2003, University of Southern California Law School; B.A. 1999, University of California at Berkeley. "Compulsory Voting in America." Southern California Law Review, vol. 76, pp. 953-78, 2003. DD Under a compulsory … against compulsory voting.
V= Democratic Legitimacy No abstract philosophy John Rawls Harvard Philosophy Professor Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 3. 1985. DD It should be observed that… philosophy's longstanding problems.
Democracies coordinate pursuit of good Galston, William A. The Practice of Liberal Pluralism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Politics is purposive… they see fit.
Requires equality Norman Daniels. Democratic Equality: Rawls’s Complex Egalitarianism. 2002. DD Because of their interest… echo of Rousseau.”
S= Promoting Equal Access to the Political Standard
Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35. DD Foucault invites us … open to contestation.
My advocacy is that democracies ought to strictly enforce compulsory voting. The system should legally require voters to cast ballots, but let them check a “none of the above” option to reject all candidates. Non-voters must pay a fine unless they justify their absence through a legal exemption.
Structural barriers
Marjorie Randon Hershey Indiana University. What We Know about Voter-ID Laws, Registration, and Turnout. Brennan Center for Justice Symposium. 2009. DD Alvarez, Atkeson, and Hall …citizenship is compelling.
CV makes elections accessible Cherry, Ceridwen Law Clerk at United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. "Maximizing Participation: What the US Can Learn from Compulsory Voting." FairVote: The Center for Voting and Democracy. N.p., 8 June 2009. http://www.fairvote.org/maximizing-participation-what-the-us-can-learn-from-compulsory-voting. In the hotly … high turnout levels.
Dr. Lisa Hill and Jonathan Louth Discipline of Politics, School of History and Politics, University of Adelaide. Compulsory Voting Laws and Turnout: Efficacy and Appropriateness. Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference. 2004. DD The Australian Experiment. … 50 VAP range).
Schäfer, Armin; Republican Liberty and Compulsory Voting, MPIfG Discussion Paper 11/17?Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Köln Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne November 2011. DD The main effect of … who favor compulsion.
2. Social Norms
Lisa Hill Senior Research Fellow, Politics Discipline, School of History and Politics, University of Adelaide. COMPULSORY VOTING IN AUSTRALIA: A BASIS FOR A 'BEST PRACTICE' REGIME. Federal Law Review. Vol 32. 2004. DD One of the difficulties … non-participation becomes entrenched.20
Class-biased policies Chong, Alberto Inter-American Development Bank, and Olivera, Mauricio Goerge Mason University (May, 2005). On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries. Inter-American Development Bank. DD As explained above, … levels is typical (Powell, 1986).
CV breaks the norm Lisa Hill Senior Research Fellow, Politics Discipline, School of History and Politics, University of Adelaide. COMPULSORY VOTING IN AUSTRALIA: A BASIS FOR A 'BEST PRACTICE' REGIME. Federal Law Review. Vol 32. 2004. DD Compulsory voting can … among habitual abstainers.
High turnout Lijphart, Arend. UC San Diego Political Science Professor (1997). Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. The American Political Science Review, 91(1), 1–14. DD Can the democratic dilemma … make it compulsory’ (emphasis added). He adds: The strongest of … virtually by itself.
More equality Chong, Alberto Inter-American Development Bank, and Olivera, Mauricio Goerge Mason University (May, 2005). On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries. Inter-American Development Bank. DD 4. Evidence Table 3 … income in the region.24 23
9/19/13
Crazy Kids AC
Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Disclosure Gangsters | Judge: Jesus Thus, the Plan: The National Congress of Chile should pass legislation modeled on Argentina’s National Glacier Law that expands the definition of glaciers to include rock glaciers and surrounding ice fields and bans mining operations in glacial and periglacial areas.
Jorge Daniel Taillant, ... respect for natural resources."
2/12/14
Global Equality AC
Tournament: enero febrero | Round: 1 | Opponent: f | Judge: u Interpretations I affirm: Developing countries should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. First, the neg must prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection. Second, according to the Oxford Dictionary, “when the two are in conflict,” means the resolution is about instances where environmental protection and resource extraction are incompatible. (Oxford Dictionary 1st Definition of Conflict): a serious incompatibility between two or more opinions, principles, or interests: there was a conflict between his business and domestic life http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/conflict
Since the topic impacts the world at large, I value Global Justice, meaning giving all people their due. As states are interconnected, we must view them as part of global institutions, not separate sovereign actors. Thomas Pogge 1 writes: Thomas Pogge Yale Philosophy Professor “What is Global Justice?” 2010. DD
But other factors may …‘global justice,’ is considerably less comfortable. This focus on international arrangements draws attention to inequalities. Pogge 2 writes: Thomas Pogge Yale Philosophy Professor. Are We Violating the Human Rights of the World’s Poor? Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. 2011. DD
Human rights violations are crimes … who are enslaved or impoverished. Thus, the standard is Promoting Systemic Equality. Prefer my standard because:
First, equality is necessary to answer ethical questions, since excluding some perspectives creates a flawed epistemology that makes that impossible. Jose Medina notes: Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35. DD
Foucault invites us to pay … become open to contestation.
This precludes other frameworks, since what we know forms the basis of how we act and think about moral questions. Second, equality is a side constraint on all ethical theories. Thesis/Advocacy
My thesis is that developing states deserve more than destruction. I advocate that developing countries recognize a constitutional human right to a good environment when environmental protection conflicts with resource extraction. The right mandates that states develop with minimal resource extraction, and gives people legal standing to challenge the environmental degradation that results from extraction. Steve Turner explains: Turner, Steve, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer; Kingston Law School, London. “The Human Right to a Good Environment – The Sword in the Stone.” Non-State Actors and International Law 4:277 301, 2004. DD
The Draft Human Right … or would suffer that degradation or risk of degradation.
By decreasing dependence on resources and other states, affirming promotes global equality and justice, since:
it increases economic growth, decreasing poverty. When poor nations extract resources to jumpstart stalled economies, they increase inequality. Michael Beevers writes: Michael D. Beevers. Dickinson Professor of Environmental Studies "The Perils of Natural Gas Extraction in Mozambique." Living in a World of Limits. March 25, 2013. DD
As the Mozambican economy …poverty and infant mortality. Any money gained through resource extraction stays amongst elites, increasing inequality. Piet Klop shows: Piet Klop Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute and Jos Lubbers. NATURAL RESOURCES AND PRO-POOR GROWTH: THE ECONOMICS AND POLITICS – ISBN 978-92-64-04182-0 – OECD 2008. DD
The political and governance …to the national level.
Thus, even if extraction boosts GDP, it still violates my standard because the benefits aren’t shared equally. The resulting poverty causes mass death. Kawachi Kennedy writes: Kennedy, Kawachi I., K. Lochner, D. Prothrow-Stith. “Social Capital, Income Inequality, and Mortality.” American Journal of Public Health, September 1997; 87(9): 1491-8. DD
Ecologic studies in the U.S. … is linked to higher mortality.
The resulting poverty causes more death than any type of conflict. Pogge 3 writes: Pogge, Thomas. “World Poverty and Human Rights.” Ethics and International Affairs (Vol. 19, Issue 1), pages 1-7, March 2005. DD
Roughly one third … from poverty-related causes (UNICEF 2005: inside front cover).
Policies recognizing a right to a good environment reduce this harm by stimulating economic growth, regardless of whether they work to protect the environment. Alex Rubin writes: Tim Everett, Mallika Ishwaran senior economist at the Cabinet Office, working on the London Summit. Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon, Gian Paolo Ansaloni, Alex Rubin. Economic Growth and the Environment. Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs. March 2010. DD
The primary goal of environmental … compared to business-as-usual.
Empirically, developing states that recognize environmental rights reduce poverty. Ibrahim Thiaw writes: Thiaw, Ibrahim Director, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation at United Nations Environment Programme, and Veere Vandeweerd Director, Environment and Energy Group at United Nations Development Programme, “PEI Annual Progress Report 2012: Transforming Institutions.” UNDP-UNEP, 2013. DD
Burkina Faso, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, …short videos uploaded to YouTube, for example.
He adds: trust funds distributed in 2011 … more inclusive, sustainable development.
Thus, affirming redresses poverty and promotes equality.
Developed countries often take resources from the developing, leaving them with nothing but destruction and death. Carmen Gonzalez 1 notes: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
While transnational corporations … struggle for social justice.94
Further, the North’s resource extraction has depleted the South’s resources. Gonzalez 2 shows: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
The international community has long …described as global looters.
In fact, Northern looting plus developing countries’ extraction increases the risk of extinction. Stephen Boyan writes: William Ophuls Yale PhD, US Foreign Service Advisor and Stephen Boyan UMBC Political Science Professor. “Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity Revisited” The Unraveling of the American Dream. W H Freeman and Co (March 1992). DD
The evidence is overwhelming … by that point. The right to a good environment limits such risks Gonzalez 3 writes: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
Environmental injustice manifests … guise of environmental protection.
Theory Preempts Underviews: (_). Aff gets RVIs (_). If the neg reads theory, s/he must read all reasons why RVIs are bad in the first speech.
(_). Presume aff.
(_). If the neg wins theory, drop the argument.
(_). The neg may only run one shell because
(_). The neg must clarify in CX for theory violations unspecified in the AC
4/25/14
Grow a Pear AC
Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Your mom | Judge: Kesha I advocate that developing countries recognize a constitutional human right to a good environment when environmental protection conflicts with resource extraction. The right mandates that states develop with minimal resource extraction, and gives people legal standing to challenge the environmental degradation that results from extraction. Steve Turner explains: Turner, Steve, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer; Kingston Law School, London. “The Human Right to a Good Environment – The Sword in the Stone.” Non-State Actors and International Law 4:277 301, 2004. DD
The Draft Human Right to a Good Environment: makes Any decision by a person, group of people, organisation or government that brings about or could bring about degrading of the environment, is contrary to the human right to a good environment and as such is fundamentally unlawful. It’s is a human right to be able to challenge such decisions throughout the process of decisionmaking and in courts of law and tribunals. Environmental degradation can be rendered lawful when brought about to it satisfies other basic human rights and where other less environmentally degrading alternatives are not viable. In the event that such decisions are sanctioned on the grounds that it is necessary to cause environmental degradation to satisfy other basic human rights, In that case, the degradation must be tied to an equitable form of compensation that in at least equal measure, benefits the environment of the targeted community’s environment. or the area of land, air, sea, ecosystem or water that is suffering or would suffer that degradation or risk of degradation.
1/18/14
Igualdad Global AC
Tournament: janfeb | Round: 1 | Opponent: the neg | Judge: the aff I affirm: Developing countries should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. First, the neg must prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection. Second, according to the Oxford Dictionary, “when the two are in conflict,” means the resolution is about instances where environmental protection and resource extraction are incompatible. (Oxford Dictionary 1st Definition of Conflict): a serious incompatibility between two or more opinions, principles, or interests: there was a conflict between his business and domestic life http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/conflict
Resource Extraction means the … any renewable resource.
Framework
Since the topic impacts the world at large, I value Global Justice, meaning giving all people their due. As states are interconnected, we must view them as part of global institutions, not separate sovereign actors. Thomas Pogge 1 writes: Thomas Pogge Yale Philosophy Professor “What is Global Justice?” 2010. DD
But other factors may … is considerably less comfortable. This focus on international arrangements draws attention to inequalities. Pogge 2 writes: Thomas Pogge Yale Philosophy Professor. Are We Violating the Human Rights of the World’s Poor? Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. 2011. DD
Human rights violations … enslaved or impoverished. Since contributing to a system of inequality is equivalent to a direct rights violation, the standard is Promoting Global Equality. Promoting Global Equality means giving all nations the same access to self-determination. This standard considers equality between states, not individual actors. Prefer my standard because:
First, equality is necessary to answer ethical questions, since excluding some perspectives creates a flawed epistemology that makes that impossible. Jose Medina notes: Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35. DD
Foucault invites us to pay … frameworks become open to contestation.
This precludes other frameworks, since what we know forms the basis of how we act and think about moral questions. Second, since borders are arbitrary, there’s no legitimate basis for global inequality. Martha Nussbaum writes: Nussbaum, Martha. "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism." Boston Review, 1994.
The accident of … ignorant of itself. Arbitrariness precludes access to other frameworks Thesis/Advocacy
My thesis is that developing states deserve more than destruction. I advocate that developing countries recognize a constitutional human right to a good environment when environmental protection conflicts with resource extraction. The right mandates that states develop with minimal resource extraction, and gives people legal standing to challenge extractivist environmental degradation. Steve Turner explains: Turner, Steve, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer; Kingston Law School, London. “The Human Right to a Good Environment – The Sword in the Stone.” Non-State Actors and International Law 4:277 301, 2004. DD
The Draft Human Right … risk of degradation. Since this right could apply in any country, I can either defend the topic whole-res, or specify to a country or countries of the neg’s choosing—all they have to do is ask in CX. By decreasing dependence on resources and other states, affirming promotes global equality and justice, since: it stops the imperialistic Northern looting that strips developing states bare, leaving them with destruction and death. Carmen Gonzalez 1 notes: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
While transnational corporations … struggle for social justice.94 Further, Northern extraction depletes Southern resources. Gonzalez 2 shows: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
The international community … as global looters.
In fact, Northern looting plus developing states’ extraction increases the risk of extinction. Stephen Boyan writes: William Ophuls Yale PhD, US Foreign Service Advisor and Stephen Boyan UMBC Political Science Professor. “Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity Revisited” The Unraveling of the American Dream. W H Freeman and Co (March 1992). DD
The evidence is … by that point.
The right to a good environment limits such risks Gonzalez 3 writes: Carmen Gonzalez Seattle University Assistant Law Professor BEYOND ECO-IMPERIALISM: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE CRITIQUE OF FREE TRADE. Denver University Law Review. 2001. DD
Environmental injustice manifests … of environmental protection.
Thus, affirming provides the only way to reduce inequality and restore justice.
Extraction is rooted in imperialism, as the North took all it could from Southern states, making them resource-dependent in the process. Scott Pegg shows: Scott Pegg Department of Political Science Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Poverty Reduction or Poverty Exacerbation? World Bank Group Support for Extractive Industries in Africa. A report sponsored by Oxfam America, Friends of the Earth-US, Environmental Defense, Catholic Relief Services and the Bank Information Center. 2003. DD
Sub-Saharan Africa is richly … its foreign exchange earnings.14
Negating creates a hegemony of the developed. Andrew Okolie writes: Andrew Okolie Assistant Professor of Sociology at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Development Hegemony and the Development Crisis in Africa: The Importance of Indigenous Knowledges and Practices in the Making of Food Policy. The Journal of African American History, Vol. 88, No. 4, Africa and Globalization (Autumn, 2003), pp. 429-448. DD Official aid and … of external financial credits.
This approach set the …of repeated exploitation and misery. To pursue their own paths, Southern states must recognize human rights-based environmental claims. Burns Weston writes: Burns Weston Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus and Senior Scholar, Center for Human Rights, The University of Iowa, USA and David Bollier Co-founder, Commons Strategies Group, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Toward a recalibrated human right to a clean and healthy environment: making the conceptual transition. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/journals/jhre/4-2/jhre.2013.02.01.xml September 1, 2013. DD
Human rights as ‘trumps’ In his germinal … is the very definition of empowerment.
4/25/14
In Yo Way AC
Tournament: jannnnn | Round: 1 | Opponent: no | Judge: one I value Global Justice we need impartial rules to make normative claims binding. People innately desire fairness, even more than self-interest. Robert Shiller writes: George Akerloff UC Berkeley Economics Professor and Robert Shiller Yale Economics Professor. Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton University Press. 2009. DD
But studies of … types of rewards.
Next, impartiality requires recognizing states’ right to sovereignty. Thus, the standard is Respecting National Sovereignty. Prefer my standard additionally because: The Oxford Dictionary defines “country” as “a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory,” so states can’t exist without sovereignty. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/country
As ethics are meant to guide action, they must apply to the real world so real agents can follow them. Jeffrie Murphy notes: Murphy JG. Marxism and Retribution. Philosophy and Public Affairs. 1973; 2(3): 217-243. {Qualifications: Regents' Professor of Law and Philosophy at Arizona State University, Published 9 Books on the Subject}
Now one of …and practically inapplicable.
Thus, abstract theories with no empirical grounding are useless. Imperialism and sovereignty denials pervade interstate interactions, as the Global North constantly imposes cultural norms on the South. Matti Sarmela writes: Matti Sarmela. WHAT IS CULTURAL IMPERIALISM? In Carola Sandbacka (ed.), Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Identity, 13-36. Transactions of the Finnish Anthropolological Society 2. Helsinki 1977 (in Finnish 1975). DD
Cultural imperialism is …as disruptive factors.
Thesis My thesis is that developing countries deserve self-direction. Advocacy and Cullet I advocate that developing states prioritize the principle of environmental protection over resource extraction by letting the ethic of concern for the natural world constrain development. Philippe Cullet defines the advocacy: Philippe Cullet. Definition of an Environmental Right in a Human Rights Context. Published in: 13 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights (1995), p. 25. DD
This approach necessarily … behalf of nature.40
He adds:
Thirdly, the principle …sustaining human life.38
First, it helps developing states resist physical exploitation, upholding sovereignty. Understanding the historical imperialism that’s plagued developing states is key to stopping future sovereignty violations. Dennis O’Neil writes: (Juliet Ucelli and Dennis O’Neil, http://www.wengewang.org/read.php?tid=19345, date accessed: 7/8/2010) 1992. DD
If you’re still …responsible global actors
Extraction specifically stems from imperialism, as the global North initially exploited the South by making it resource-dependent. Scott Pegg shows: Scott Pegg Department of Political Science Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Poverty Reduction or Poverty Exacerbation? World Bank Group Support for Extractive Industries in Africa. A report sponsored by Oxfam America, Friends of the Earth-US, Environmental Defense, Catholic Relief Services and the Bank Information Center. 2003. DD
Sub-Saharan Africa … foreign exchange earnings.14
By challenging past and present physical oppression, environmentalism creates new paths to sovereignty. Steven Best writes: Steven Best Associate Professor of Philosophy and Humanities University of Texas, El Paso. Revolutionary Environmentalism: An Emerging New Struggle for Total Liberation. 2006. DD
These tendencies include … rupture with it.
Colonialism’s victims owe no allegiance to the values used to oppress them, since they have no duty to relinquish their sovereignty to others.
Franz Fanon writes: Franz Fanon. The Wretched of the Earth. Grove Press, New York. 1963. DD
It is neither the …vomit them up.
Second, by embracing multiple ways of life, affirming respects developing states’ cultural sovereignty.
Extraction creates a “one-size-fits-all” norm that homogenizes the marginalized and disrespects cultural sovereignty. Maristella Svampa writes: Maristella Svampa. Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development. Permanent Working Group for Alternatives to Development. 2011. DD A third discourse … modalities of consumption.
In contrast, affirming embraces multiple life choices, promoting cultural sovereignty. Arne Naess writes: Naess, Arne. Norwegian philosopher; Professor at University of Oslo “The Shallow and the Deep: Long-Range Ecology Movements.” Inquiry (Oslo), 16 (1973). CH
3. Principles of diversity … widening classless diversity.
4/26/14
Land AC
Tournament: jjjfff | Round: 1 | Opponent: hi | Judge: bye I affirm: Developing countries should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. First, since Webster’s Dictionary defines “prioritize” as rating goals in order of superiority, the resolution is a choice between two goals, not specific policies. Thus, implementation is irrelevant. "Prioritize." Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/priority. Prioritize: “to list or rate (as projects or goals) in order of priority” Priority: “superiority in rank, position, or privilege”
Second, the neg must prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection.
Framework As the topic presents a choice between conflicting policies, I value Moral Action, meaning ethical conduct. All action results from our ability to reflect, so recognizing self-awareness is the basis of all philosophy.
Allen Wood 1 writes: Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre is a "science of science as such" … activity, the latter "real" activity (GA I/2:402-404. SK 236-238).
Further, as actions result from self-awareness, we can’t consider unintended consequences when judging them.
The judgment after … irrational as a moral position.
Next, the self-awareness that gives us the freedom to act also demands that we recognize others’ freedom in the form of rights. Wood 2 notes:
The condition for reflective … freely on the external world (GA I/3:409).
As protecting freedom is impossible without a state, people create government to embody their collective desire for rights protection. Thus, the state’s fundamental purpose is to secure citizens’ freedom. Frederick Neuhouser shows: Frederick Neuhouser. Introuction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fitche. Cambridge University Press. 2000. DD
In the following chapter … those of the whole. Thus, the standard is Preserving a System of Freedom.
Thesis/Advocacy
My thesis is that property can’t exist without freedom.
My advocacy is that developing countries should use environmental protection policies to outlaw non-sustainable extraction that destroys finite resources. Attila Ataner 1 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
I concede, at the outset, …by a rational requirement not to destroy nature. Overwhelming scientific consensus shows that my advocacy speaks to the topic’s core conflict. Ataner 2 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD The second, perhaps all too … been made unavailable to them).
By preventing countries from denying the basis of humanity, affirming upholds freedom and moral action, since: Contention First, it protects the property necessary for freedom. People must have the right to own material to be free. Ataner 3 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD However, according to Kant’s Juridical … considerations distinct from it. Yet freedom is self-limiting; we can’t use our freedom to become less free. Thus, unsustainable resource extraction denies the basis of freedom. Ataner 4 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
The main question is … essential end of mankind.
She adds: Now, at this stage …from a Kantian perspective.
Thus, environmental protection is justified coercion. Ataner 5 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
Finally, any destructive form …ought to be applied.)
Thus, environmental protection is necessary to preserve systemic freedom and morality.
Second, since natural resources are limited, environmental protection is necessary to preserve a system of equal freedom and morality. Finite resources give rise to the concept of property, which is relational in nature. Ataner 6 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
Strictly speaking, there are extra … permanently as our own.
Thus, resource extraction undermines the basis of freedom, justifying environmental protection. Ataner 7 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
For Kant, the ‘community of land’ …answer must be negative. Thus, environmental protection creates the only possibility of equal freedom and moral action. Substantive Underviews First, prefer my framework to util frameworks based on a nebulous public good. Ataner 8 writes: Attila Ataner B.A. (McGill University) J.D. (University of Toronto), Master of Arts McMaster University Candidate. KANT ON FREEDOM, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts. McMaster University. October 2012. DD
The strategy in opposing … which I discuss below.)
Second, resource extraction is unsustainable – prolonged use makes the ecosystem incapable of supporting human life, causing extinction. Stephen Boyan writes: William Ophuls Yale PhD, US Foreign Service Advisor and Stephen Boyan UMBC Political Science Professor. “Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity Revisited” The Unraveling of the American Dream. W H Freeman and Co (March 1992). DD
The evidence is … by that point.
4/26/14
Oops I Did It Again AC
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: CV Definition Matsler, Sean. Class of 2003, University of Southern California Law School; B.A. 1999, University of California at Berkeley. "Compulsory Voting in America." Southern California Law Review, vol. 76, pp. 953-78, 2003. DD Under a compulsory … against compulsory voting.
Value: is Democratic Legitimacy
People have a right to equality. "Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism." Boston Review â Martha C. Nussbaum: Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism. Oct.-Nov. 1994. Web. 24 May 2012. http://bostonreview.net/BR19.5/nussbaum.php. "Nussbaum, Martha. “The accident of where…… ways, ignorant of itself.”
The lack of morally relevant distinctions between citizens justifies equalizing responsibilities. Rachels, James. "Punishment and Desert." N.p., n.d. Web. “The egalitarian idea… nearly equal.”
Standard: Maintaining an Equal Balance of Citizens’ Benefits and Burdens.
S1. First, it equalizes the burden of participation.
Leaving the job of voting to others while sitting back and watching is a form of free-riding. Engelen, Bart; Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy ,Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics and Ethics –Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium; Acta Politica, 2007, 42, (23–39) r 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07 "Abstention is a...and its values."
S2.
Simply living in a society means accepting benefits like order and rights protection. Etizioni, Amatai, The Essential Communitarian Reader, 1998 “At the heart of the … their own lives.”
Civic duty to vote Levine, Jonathan. Lecturer of American Studies and English at Tsinghua University "The Case for Compulsory Voting." The National Interest. N.p., 2 Nov. 2012. Web. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/the-case-compulsory-voting-7691. DD “Voting confers legitimacy, … electorate did not vote for him.” ”
9/21/13
Post-Petroleum AC
Tournament: jfjfjf | Round: 1 | Opponent: steven douglas | Judge: the american people should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. First,
Black’s Law defines “environmental protection” as: “What is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION?” The Law Dictionary Featuring Black's Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed. DD
What is ENVIRONMENTAL … damage and reversing trends.
Second, the neg must prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection. Equal Ground As the topic concerns countries, I value Just State Action. Rawls States must base public policy on shared values, not abstract philosophical principles. John Rawls writes: John Rawls Harvard Philosophy Professor Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 3. 1985. DD It should be observed that, on this view, justification is not regarded simply as valid argument from listed premises, even should these premises be true. Rather, justification is … avoid philosophy's longstanding problems. Publically justifiable policies recognize people’s unique differences Charles Taylor 1 writes: Taylor, Charles (1994) The Politics of Recognition, in: Gutman, Amy (ed.) Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. DD And so the discourse … politics of equal dignity. Thus, the standard is Respecting Difference in Identity. RTPs Prefer my standard because: First, epistemically, the world has no objective viewpoint. James Conant writes: Conant, James. “The Dialectic of Perspectivism, I.” Sats-Nordic Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Philadelphia Press, 2005). DD
The world, as experience it, …of experience are encountered.
He adds:
All our experiences … and nothing beyond these.
Second, we form our own identities by recognizing others, so we need my standard to understand agents to begin with. Taylor 2 writes: Taylor, Charles (1994) The Politics of Recognition, in: Gutman, Amy (ed.) Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. DD
This crucial feature …partly overt, partly internal, with others. Third, respect for identity is key to stopping oppression. Taylor 3 writes: Taylor, Charles (1994) The Politics of Recognition, in: Gutman, Amy (ed.) Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. DD
A number of strands in … a vital human need.
Inherency/Plan Text Next, Inherency: Oil and gas extraction are ongoing in the Western Amazon, with no end in sight. Matt Finer writes: Matt Finer Biodiversity Program, Center for International Environmental Law, Washington D.C., Clinton N. Jenkins Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Bill Powers E-Tech International. Potential of Best Practice to Reduce Impacts from Oil and Gas Projects in the Amazon. PLOS ONE. May 2013. DD
Ecuador’s parliament has … of the $3.6bn sought. Thus, the Plan: Western Amazon nations (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) will declare a ban on oil and gas extraction in the western Amazon rainforest modeled after Ecuador’s Yasuni-ITT Initiative. Carlos Larrea writes: Carlos Larrea. Yasuni-ITT Initiative: A Big Idea from a Small Country. UNDP. 2010. DD
QUITO, Ecuador—Leaders of indigenous …750,000 barrels a day by 2019.
Since this violates natives’ rights, banning drilling is the only way to protect identity. Finer 2 writes: Matt Finer Biodiversity Program, Center for International Environmental Law, Washington D.C. Oil and gas projects in western Amazon threaten biodiversity and indigenous peoples. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-08/plos-oag080808.php August 12, 2008. DD The western Amazon, home to …from the international community. Banning oil extraction is the only way to respect natives’ desire to live off the land. Elissa Dennis writes: Elissa Dennis. Keep It In The Ground: An alternative vision for petroleum emerges in Ecuador. But will Big Oil win the day? Dollars and Sense. Thursday, July 1, 2010. DD In the far eastern reaches … discord lies the fate of the Yasuni Initiative.
Thus, the plan uniquely solves for unjust threats to natives’ identities. Extractivist Culture 1:00
by freeing people from oppressive, extractivist norms, the plan respects differences in identity. Extraction creates a “one-size-fits-all” norm Maristella Svampa 1 writes: Maristella Svampa. Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development. Permanent Working Group for Alternatives to Development. 2011. DD A third discourse and … modalities of consumption. Banning oil and gas extraction helps western Amazon countries escape global élites’ form of development Svampa 2 writes: Maristella Svampa. Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development. Permanent Working Group for Alternatives to Development. 2011. DD Nevertheless, and in … people, workers and peasants).
by pre-empting the insatiable drive for gas and oil, the plan lets citizens define their own needs, respecting different identities. Oil is designed to addict countries.
Jan Lundberg writes: Jan Lundberg former analyst for the petroleum industries and founder of CultureChange.org Petrocollapse: A Steep Drop-Off in Oil. Bay Localize. September 2009. DD
The oil industry’s … ever-growing investments and retrofits.
This perpetually subjugates developing countries Herbert Marcuse writes: Marcuse H. The Individual in the “Great Society.” 1965. {Professor at Brandeis University}. DD
The individuals who … being-for-others, their image Further, current oil extraction is unsustainable. Tarique Niazi writes: Tarique Niazi Associate Professor of Environmental Sociology at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. ‘Growth imperative’ versus ‘climate imperative.’ http://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/11/03/growth-imperative-versus-climate-imperative/ Nov 3, 2013. DD In 2007, the United Nations’ … environmental and social justice. Affirming thus offers the only way out of oil dependence and extractivism. Fander Falconi writes: Fander Falconí, María Cristina Vallejo, Carlos Larrea, Rafael Burbano. The Yasuní-ITT Initiative from a multi-criteria perspective. Published in Quito in December 2011. DD As stressed by the … guise of the so-called green economy). Biodiversity Underview As an underview: Amazon oil drilling will create massive harms to biodiversity. Abbott 13: Thomas Abbot, Research Associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. Oil Drilling In Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park: Correa’s Drive Towards Development At Any Price. Council on Hemispheric Affairs. http://www.coha.org/oil-drilling-in-ecuadors-yasuni-national-park-correas-drive-towards-development-at-any-price/ September 17, 2013. DD While Correa’s decision can … for these communities.
Amazon biodiversity loss causes extinction. Takacs 96: Takacs ‘96 (David, The Idea Of Diversity: Philosophies Of Paradise, 1996, p. 200-1.) So biodiversity keeps … with a bang but a whimper.
Possible Theory Underviews (_). On neg theory and T, drop the argument (_). Aff gets RVIs (_). The neg must clarify in CX for theory violations on issues the AC doesn’t specify. (_). Presume aff. (_). The neg may only run one shell
4/26/14
Radar AC
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Neg | Judge: I affirm: In a democracy, voting ought to be compulsory. Matsler CV Definition
Sean Matsler defines “compulsory voting,” or “CV,” as: Matsler, Sean. Class of 2003, University of Southern California Law School; B.A. 1999, University of California at Berkeley. "Compulsory Voting in America." Southern California Law Review, vol. 76, pp. 953-78, 2003. DD
under a compulsory...against compulsory voting.
value Moral Action
Allen W. Wood. "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre is ... latter "real" activity (GA I/2:402-404. SK 236-238).
Wood 2 notes:
The condition for ... the external world (GA I/3:409).
Frederick Neuhouser shows: Frederick Neuhouser. Introuction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fitche. Cambridge University Press. 2000. DD
In the following ... of the whole.
Standard is Preserving a System of Equal Freedom.
CONTENTION
Freedom
Heather Lardy University of Aberdeen. Is There a Right Not to Vote? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2. 2004. DD However, the practice ... to vote at all.
Heather Lardy University of Aberdeen. Is There a Right Not to Vote? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2. 2004. DD It is worth ... the formally disenfranchised.
Philip Pettit writes: Pettit, Philip. Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government. Oxford University Press, USA (September 30, 1999). DD
The condition of ... that citizens share.
Hill, Lisa. Professor at the University of Adelaide, Australia "On the Justifiability of Compulsory Voting: Reply to Lever." British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge University Press, 2010. DD In this light, ... that is, democracy.
2. Democracy
Tom Christiano Thomas Christiano is a philosopher at the University of Arizona. He writes books and articles on moral and political philosophy and regularly teaches both graduate and undergraduate courses. Christiano's current research is mainly in moral and political philosophy with emphases on democratic theory, distributive justice and global justice. The Authority of Democracy. The Journal of Political Philosophy. 2003. DD The facts of ... judgment of each.
Engelen, Bart; Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy ,Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (Belgium), Centre for Economics and Ethics –Naamsestraat 69, Leuven B – 3000, Belgium; Acta Politica, 2007, 42, (23–39) r 2007 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 0001-6810/07 Political participation is ... them into account.
Hill, Lisa. Professor at the University of Adelaide, Australia "On the Justifiability of Compulsory Voting: Reply to Lever." British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge University Press, 2010. DD. Reformers did not ... to promote it.
9/22/13
Tik-Tok AC
Tournament: Columbia | Round: 1 | Opponent: The Paparazzi | Judge: KeSha Thus, the Plan: Western Amazon nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil) should declare a ban on oil and gas extraction in the western Amazon rainforest modeled after Ecuador’s Yasuni-ITT Initiative. Next, Inherency: Oil and gas extraction are ongoing in the Western Amazon, with no end in sight. Matt Finer Biodiversity Program, Center for International Environmental Law, Washington D.C., Clinton N. Jenkins Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Bill Powers E-Tech International. Potential of Best Practice to Reduce Impacts from Oil and Gas Projects in the Amazon. PLOS ONE. May 2013. DD
Banning oil extraction is the only way to respect natives’ desire to live off the land. Elissa Dennis. Keep It In The Ground: An alternative vision for petroleum emerges in Ecuador. But will Big Oil win the day? Dollars and Sense. Thursday, July 1, 2010. DD
Extraction creates a “one-size-fits-all” norm that homogenizes the marginalized and disrespects cultural identities. Banning oil and gas extraction helps western Amazon countries escape global élites’ form of development, and respects different identities. Maristella Svampa. Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development. Permanent Working Group for Alternatives to Development. 2011. DD
Oil is designed to addict countries. Jan Lundberg former analyst for the petroleum industries and founder of CultureChange.org Petrocollapse: A Steep Drop-Off in Oil. Bay Localize. September 2009. DD
This perpetually subjugates developing countries’ citizens by trapping them in a life of unending extraction. Marcuse H. The Individual in the “Great Society.” 1965. {Professor at Brandeis University}. DD
Further, current oil extraction is unsustainable. This non-uniques all disads, since the neg will eventually run out of and be unable to use hydrocarbons, too. Leaving oil in the ground is the only way to avert catastrophe. Tarique Niazi Associate Professor of Environmental Sociology at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. ‘Growth imperative’ versus ‘climate imperative.’ http://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/11/03/growth-imperative-versus-climate-imperative/ Nov 3, 2013. DD
Affirming thus offers the only way out of oil dependence and extractivism. Fander Falconí, María Cristina Vallejo, Carlos Larrea, Rafael Burbano. The Yasuní-ITT Initiative from a multi-criteria perspective. Published in Quito in December 2011. DD
Resolution I affirm: Developing countries should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict. Interp The neg must prioritize resource extraction over environmental protection.
Framework
Value I value A Just State J1 and Lang First, inclusion’s necessary for political legitimacy.
Anthony Lang writes: Anthony F. Lang Jr., American University in Cairo, Assistant Professor of Political Science “Responsibility in the International System: Reading US Foreign Policy in the Middle East,” European Journal of International Relations, Volume 5, Number 1, p. 78-79. 1999. DD
Following these three … a true democracy (Arendt, 1958).
J2 and d’Entreves 1 Second, all are due humanity’s central feature – the right to act on one’s ends. Maurizio d’Entreves 1 writes: d'Entreves, Maurizio Passerin, "Hannah Arendt", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2013/entries/arendt/. DD
Action, the only activity … between action and language.
J3 and Neuhouser Third, inclusion gives agency meaning: we can’t have it if we don’t extend it to others. Frederick Neuhouser writes: Frederick Neuhouser. Introuction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fitche. Cambridge University Press. 2000. DD
The deduction's second theorem … to other rational beings.
J4 and d’Entreves 2 Fourth, my framework is a logical prerequisite to debate itself d’Entreves 2 writes: d'Entreves, Maurizio Passerin, "Hannah Arendt", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2013/entries/arendt/. DD
In The Human Condition … and create new realities ” (HC, 200).
Standard Thus, the standard is Promoting Social Inclusion of Agents. Thesis/Advocacy
Advocacy and Cullet I advocate that developing states prioritize the principle of environmental protection over resource extraction
Philippe Cullet defines the advocacy: Philippe Cullet. Definition of an Environmental Right in a Human Rights Context. Published in: 13 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights (1995), p. 25. DD
This approach necessarily … put forward on behalf of nature.40
He adds:
Thirdly, the principle … the limited land surface capable of sustaining human life.38 Werlhof Capitalistic extraction is inherently violent, imposing one vision of the good on citizens and excludes all others. Claudia von Werlhof writes: von Werlhof, Claudia. Professor of Women´s Studies at the Institute for Political Science, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Innsbruck, Austria “No Critique of Capitalism without a Critique of Patriarchy! Why the Left Is No Alternative.” CNS – Capitalism-Nature-Socialism, Vol. 18, Nr. 1, New York/London (Routledge), March 2007, pp. 13-27. CH
On the “Accumulation of Capital” The objective of …for mothers and nature.
Kellner In contrast, environmentalism curbs state violence. Douglas Kellner writes: Douglas Kellner UT Austin Marcuse, Liberation, and Radical Ecology. http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/kell11.htm 1992. DD
Herbert Marcuse's late 1970s essay… the era of Reagan and Bush.
Naess Further, affirming embraces multiple life choices, promoting inclusion. Arne Naess writes: Naess, Arne. Norwegian philosopher; Professor at University of Oslo “The Shallow and the Deep: Long-Range Ecology Movements.” Inquiry (Oslo), 16 (1973). CH
3. Principles of diversity … widening classless diversity.
Medina Moral uncertainty means we must default to promoting inclusion as a side constraint on all ethics. Jose Medina notes: Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35. DD Foucault invites us to … frameworks become open to contestation.
Marcuse 1 States that develop at nature’s expense make people falsely believe they need extraction’s jobs and technology. Herbert Marcuse 1 writes: Marcuse, Herbert. German philosopher, Frankfurt School One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Beacon, 1964. CH
The intensity, the satisfaction … to the efficacy of the controls.
Arendt Further, extraction utilitarianizes the world
Hannah Arendt writes: Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958. DD
The implements and … "an end in itself."
Marcuse 2This sends people into an endless pursuit of unfulfillable desires that excludes those with diverse wants. Marcuse 2 writes: Marcuse, Herbert. German philosopher, Frankfurt School One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Beacon, 1964. DD
(4) The new technological work-world … and, at the same time, contains. McLaughlin Meanwhile, affirming frees people to define their own needs, independent of extraction’s demands. Andrew McLaughlin writes: McLaughlin, Andrew. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York “For a Radical Ecocentrism.” Published in Alan Drengson and Yuichi Inoue’s The Deep Ecology Movement: An Introductory Anthology. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995. CH
A second major contribution …the poor of the world.
4/28/14
Your Love is My Drug AC
Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Kesha Thus, the Plan: Latin America countries should implement Buen Vivir
