Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peak to Peak Charter RJ | Judge: Mike Bietz
The standard is consequentialism.

First, the intended-foreseen distinction ought not be applied to questions of the morality of action for two reasons:

The causal structure of action, or the temporal entity that separates intended ends and foreseen ends, is not intrinsically morally relevant. Enoch 1 writes,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 9-10. NN.
“Let us apply this test, then, in order to check whether causal order is morally significant….is that it does not.”

Mental states, such as intention, are key to the evaluation of agents, but have no bearing on the evaluation of action. Enoch 2 summarizes Thomson,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 16-17. NN.
“Think about a…think, the more general conclusion”

If the intended-foreseen distinction is flawed, absolutist theories collapse into consequentialism. Enoch 3,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 43-44. NN.
“In order to see that this is nevertheless…consequentialism is hard to resist67.”

Second, the obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest

This goal is implicit in the very existence of the state Kennan writes,
Kennan, George (Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton). “Morality and Foreign Policy”. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 64, No. 2. 1985. P. 205-218. NN.
“Second, let us recognize that…acting on the basis of them”

And, our obligation as debaters is to act in a way that mirrors the decision of policy makers. This allows us to engage in policy-making role-playing, which is the most educational part of debate. Shaw writes,
PEDAGOGY IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Using Role-Play Scenarios in the IR Classroom: An Examination of Exercises on Peacekeeping Operations and Foreign Policy Decision Making CAROLYN M. SHAW Wichita State University
“The use of role-playing…in our ‘‘national interest.’’

First, compulsory voting forces people to seek out political knowledge. Milazzo 1 writes,
Caitlin Milazzo University of California, Davis, Department of Political Science. Forced to Vote: The Impact of Compulsory Voting Laws on Political Discussion. March 15, 2008
“The model tested in this…when voting is mandatory”

And, political discussion increases political education—leads to increased civic engagement. Milazzo 2 writes,
Caitlin Milazzo University of California, Davis, Department of Political Science. Forced to Vote: The Impact of Compulsory Voting Laws on Political Discussion. March 15, 2008
“In addition to reducing the…at the national level (Knoke 1990)”

Second, compulsory voting increased informed voting—uninformed voting is more likely under a voluntary system. Shineman 1 writes,
Victoria Anne Shineman Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of Democratic Politics, Princeton University. Compulsory Voting as Compulsory Balloting: How Mandatory Balloting Laws Increase Informed Voting Without Increasing Uninformed Voting.  2010.
“Results – Hypothesis 1: Moving …marginally significant (p = 0.054).”

Shineman 2 explains why this occurs,
Victoria Anne Shineman Visiting Scholar, Center for the Study of Democratic Politics, Princeton University. Compulsory Voting as Compulsory Balloting: How Mandatory Balloting Laws Increase Informed Voting Without Increasing Uninformed Voting.  2010.
“This paper contributes to the research…information and informed voting is deserving of further investigation.”

Third, individuals will not engage in politics if they don’t vote—that means that CV has the only link to meaningful civic engagement. Hill writes,
Lisa Hill Political Science Program, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. On the Justifiability of Compulsory Voting: Reply to Lever. British Journal of Political Science. 2010.
“Further, it is rather …democracy would be enriched and deepened.”

And, civic engagement solves multiple scenarios for destruction. Small writes,
Small 6 Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment,  Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp
“What will be the challenges of…project that seeks to do just that.”

Successful democracy promotion requires that donor nations maintain high levels of democratic legitimacy. The Center for European Policy writes,
CEPS, Anthoula Malkopoulou. Lost Voters: Participation in EU elections and the case for compulsory voting. Centre for European Policy Studies, 2009
"As far as the EU elections are concerned...it must adhere to these values itself."

And, high voter turnout key to democratic legitimacy. Engelen writes,
Bart Engelen Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium. Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy. Acta Politica. 2007.
"To show that low turnout is...more substantial equality of participation and influence."

And, compulsory voting increases turnout and proper representation—key to government legitimacy. Kato writes,
Koichi Kato London School of Economics and Political Science, thesis for doctorate. Evaluating Compulsory Voting: Australia in Comparative Perspective. 2008.
"Likely Advantages of CV. ... a strong need for visible demonstration of regime support."

And, successful democracy promotion prevents WMD terrorism and war. Diamond,
Diamond ’95 (Larry, senior fellow @ Hoover, editor Journal of Democracy, co-director of the Int't Forum for Democratic Studies - National Endowment for Democracy, prof. poli sci and sociology @ Stanford, coordinator Democracy Program of the new Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford, "Promoting Democracy in the 1990's: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives," Dec., http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/di.htm)
"Five years after the collapse of global Communism...interests relate to our values as a people and society?"

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lynbrook TV | Judge: Samir Reddy
The standard is consequentialism.

First, the intended-foreseen distinction ought not be applied to questions of the morality of action for two reasons:

The causal structure of action, or the temporal entity that separates intended ends and foreseen ends, is not intrinsically morally relevant. Enoch 1 writes,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 9-10. NN.
“Let us apply this test, then, in order to check whether causal order is morally significant….is that it does not.”

Mental states, such as intention, are key to the evaluation of agents, but have no bearing on the evaluation of action. Enoch 2 summarizes Thomson,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 16-17. NN.
“Think about a…think, the more general conclusion”

If the intended-foreseen distinction is flawed, absolutist theories collapse into consequentialism. Enoch 3,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 43-44. NN.
“In order to see that this is nevertheless…consequentialism is hard to resist67.”

Second, the obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest

This goal is implicit in the very existence of the state Kennan writes,
Kennan, George (Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton). “Morality and Foreign Policy”. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 64, No. 2. 1985. P. 205-218. NN.
“Second, let us recognize that…acting on the basis of them”

And, our obligation as debaters is to act in a way that mirrors the decision of policy makers. This allows us to engage in policy-making role-playing, which is the most educational part of debate. Shaw writes,
PEDAGOGY IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Using Role-Play Scenarios in the IR Classroom: An Examination of Exercises on Peacekeeping Operations and Foreign Policy Decision Making CAROLYN M. SHAW Wichita State University
“The use of role-playing…in our ‘‘national interest.’’

“Lawfare”, or the use of law as a means to enact terrorist acts, is perpetuated through the application of the attorney client privilege. Two links-  First is misrepresentation of evidence. Yin:
Tung Yin, Professor at the University of Iowa College of Law, “Boumediene and Lawfare” March 2009
"U.S. officials have repeatedly ... throw away a trained asset.115"

Second is the secret flow of information. Yin 2,
Tung Yin, Professor at the University of Iowa College of Law, “Boumediene and Lawfare” March 2009
"Using an attorney to...warfare against the United States."

And, only the pursuit of truth and overriding of the attorney client privilege solves- Yin furthers
Tung Yin, Professor at the University of Iowa College of Law, “Boumediene and Lawfare” March 2009
"To the extent that...to the investigating/prosecuting team."

And, empirics confirm- defense lawyers have assisted terrorists and hidden information- the only way to solve for such harms is to monitor conversations and pursue truth over the attorney client privilege. Yin 4:
Tung Yin, Professor at the University of Iowa College of Law, “Boumediene and Lawfare” March 2009
"Perhaps the closest example one can find...be effective at countering lawfare."

And, the propogation of lawfare results in increased aggression – this is a systemic impact. De Hoon explains,
Marieke de Hoon, published in the European Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 5, Issue 1, “Collateral Damage from Criminalizing Aggression? Lawfare Through Aggression Accusations in the Nagorno Karabakh Conflict” 2012
"The regulation of war through the ...to resolve fundamental disagreement."

First is societal norms and accountability. Konell:
Marissa Gringer Konell, Bachelor of the Arts @George Mason University, “Truth, Justice, and the War on Terror: 2009
"Truth and justice, which...reconciliation for damaged relationships."

Second, only truth seeking allows for proper evidentiary analysis and a stronger code of law. Frase,
CESL (China-EU School of Law) “The Search for Truth in the Criminal Process” (2012), citing Richard S. Frase, B.A. Harvard College and J. D. at the University of Chicago in criminal law, The Search for the Whole Truth About American and European Criminal Justice, 3 Buff. Crim. L. Rev. 821 (1999-20)
"According to the aforesaid discussions...criminal process gradually evolved."

And, only truth seeking solves terrorist impacts: only truth seeking in terrorist related cases allows for democratic stability and reduction of attacks. United Nations,
RAND furthers,
RAND, “How Terrorist Groups End: Implications of Countering Al-Qa’ida” 2008 (part of research in How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa’ida, by Seth G. Jones and Martin C. Libicki, MG-741-RC, 2008
"In transitional democracies...non-discrimination and accountability."

And, increased terrorism results in extinction. Spiece
  Patrick F. Speice, Jr., JD Candidate at The College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427
"Accordingly, there is a significant...full-scale nuclear conflict. "

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Interlake AL | Judge:
The standard is consequentialism. First, the intended-foreseen distinction ought not be applied to questions of the morality of action for two reasons:
a. The causal structure of action, or the temporal entity that separates intended ends and foreseen ends, is not intrinsically morally relevant. Enoch ‘07,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 9-10. NN.
Let us apply this test, then, in order to check whether causal order
AND
the answer that seems to me overwhelmingly plausible is that it does not.
b. Mental states, such as intention, are key to the evaluation of agents, but have no bearing on the evaluation of action. Enoch ‘07 summarizes Thomson,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 9-10. NN.
Think about a hard medical decision – say, whether to give a suffering patient
AND
these factors together strongly suggest, I think, the more general conclusion.
If the intended-foreseen distinction is flawed, absolutist theories collapse into consequentialism. Enoch ’07,
Enoch, David (Professor of the Hebrew University at Jerusalem). Intending, Foreseeing, and the State. Legal Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2. 2007. Pgs. 9-10. NN.
In order to see that this is nevertheless so, think of an example of
AND
(my or others’) future lyings, consequentialism is hard to resist67.
Second, the obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest. The goal is implicit in its very existence. Kennan ’00,
Kennan, George (Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton). “Morality and Foreign Policy”. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 64, No. 2. 1985. P. 205-218. NN.
Second, let us recognize that the functions, commitments and moral obligations of governments
AND
need it accept any moral reproach for acting on the basis of them.
And, our obligation as debaters is to act in a way that mirrors the deciscion of policy makers. This allows us to engage in policy-making role-playing, which is the most educational part of debate. Shaw writes,
PEDAGOGY IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Using Role-Play Scenarios in the IR Classroom: An Examination of Exercises on Peacekeeping Operations and Foreign Policy Decision Making CAROLYN M. SHAW Wichita State University
The use of role-playing in the classroom provides an alternative method for presenting
AND
the challenge of clearly defining what is in our ‘‘national interest.’’
?
Plan Text: The Peruvian and Ecuadorian governments should institute a ban on drilling oil in the Amazonian rainforest in Northern Peru and Ecuador’s 11th round oil development areas and Yasuni National Park, respectively. Twist ‘14
Bill Twist, Stopping Oil Exploration in the Ecuadorian Amazon, http://www.bioneers.org/stopping-oil-exploration-in-the-ecuadorian-amazon/
Just as global warming is heating up the planet, events are heating up in
AND
models that will sustain the rainforest, the native peoples and the world.
Inherency: Ecuador has just approved drilling in the Yasuni area—the plan is at the top of the world’s agenda. Jacome 13’
Jose Jacome, October 4, 2013, Ecuador’s Parliament Gives the Green Light to Oil Drilling in Yasuni, http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/2013/10/ecuadors-parliament-gives-the-green-light-to-oil-drilling-in-yasuni-2783732.html
Ecuador’s parliament has authorised drilling of the nation’s largest oil fields in part of the
AND
after attracting only a small fraction of the $3.6bn sought.
Northern Peru is not protected. Bass ‘10
Bass MS, Finer M, Jenkins CN, Kreft H, Cisneros-Heredia DF, et al. (2010) Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767
To the west of Yasuní are the foothills of the Andes, where the species
AND
, 31, suggesting that its legal designation has significant conservation value.
And, Yasuni is the best example of the conflict between resource extraction and environmental protection. Johnson 13;
STANLEY JOHNSON, Sunday 10 March 2013, Saving Yasuni: Can a revolutionary plan protect the rainforest from commercial exploitation?, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/saving-yasuni-can-a-revolutionary-plan-protect-the-rainforest-from-commercial-exploitation-8523192.html
The country faces an impossible dilemma, she continues. The Yasuni National Park is
AND
out?" Can Ecuador somehow manage to have its cake and eat it?
?
Part 3: Advantages
First, Amazon Biodiversity. The Yasuni is one of the most bio diverse regions in the world and uniquely key to preserving the Amazon’s biodiversity. Jenkins ‘10.
Bass MS, Finer M, Jenkins CN, Kreft H, Cisneros-Heredia DF, et al. (2010) Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767
Peres 143 argues that large (at least 10,000 km2)
AND
, 31, suggesting that its legal designation has significant conservation value.
Amazon biodiversity loss causes extinction. Takacs 96’
Takacs ‘96 (David, The Idea Of Diversity: Philosophies Of Paradise, 1996, p. 200-1.)
So biodiversity keeps the world running. It has value and of itself, as
AND
end of the next century - not with a bang but a whimper.
Second, Disease. Amazon deforestation causes the release of viral diseases. Harvard School of Public Health,
Biodiversity and Infectious Diseases. http://chge.med.harvard.edu/topic/biodiversity-and-infectious-diseases
While deforestation typically reduces forest mosquito diversity, the species that survive and become dominant
AND
these pathogens risk Human extinction—spread can happen within hours. Rhett 04’
Disease outbreaks cause extinction. Butler ‘04
Butler, 04 (Rhett, “Impact of Deforestation—Species Loss, Extinction, and Disease,” http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0904.htm)
The emergence of tropical diseases and outbreaks of new diseases, including nasty hemorrhagic fevers
AND
can unknowingly carry the pathogen home to their native countries around the world. 

And, independently, loss of biodiversity in the rainforest hampers important medical research that is key to solve for disease. Baki ‘11
“The Yasuní-ITT Initiative Is a Practical Climate Solution That Must Be Embraced at Durban.”  Ivonne Baki,previously served as Ambassador of Ecuador to the United States and as Ecuador’s Minister of Foreign Trade, Industry, Regional Integration, Fisheries, and Competitiveness. NewSecurity Beat/ Wilson Center. November 28, 2011. http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2011/11/the-yasuni-itt-initiative-is-a-practical-climate-solution-that-must-be-embraced-at-durban/#.Uq_hkpFwcs0
This incredible biodiversity also holds the potential for scientific and medical breakthroughs. “Yasuní’s
AND
that is coming down the pike,” he warns (see video above). 

Part 4: Solvency
Oil extraction necessitates deforestation and environmental degradation that destroys biodiversity. Bass et al ‘10
Bass MS, Finer M, Jenkins CN, Kreft H, Cisneros-Heredia DF, et al. (2010) Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767
Explicit in the messaging of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative was the recognition of the
AND
an additional role played by indigenous peoples' farming of commercial crops 174.
Yasuni will be a haven for species afflicted by climate change and necessary for the preservation of the Amazon’s biodiversity in the coming decades. Bass et al ‘10
Bass MS, Finer M, Jenkins CN, Kreft H, Cisneros-Heredia DF, et al. (2010) Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767
Furthermore, Yasuní may serve as a refuge for Amazonian species responding to climate change
AND
corridors would be needed between Yasuní and these parks to allow upslope migrations.

And, Demand for oil is on the decline—means no oil disads. Wachman ‘12
Wachman, 1-18-’12 (Richard, “Shale oil and gas will help make western hemisphere self-sufficient” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jan/18/shale-oil-gas-us-energy-self-sufficient)
Growth in shale oil and gas supplies, along with other fuel sources, will
AND
depend increasingly on the Middle East in particular for its growing oil requirements."
And, there’s no need to drill for oil in the Yasuni, it’s not sustainable, doesn’t provide any benefits. Fields 12’
R. Douglas Fields, March 17, 2012, Drilling for Oil in Eden: Initiative to Save Amazon Rainforest in Ecuador Is Uncertain, An internationally recognized authority on neuron-glia interactions, brain development, and the cellular mechanisms of memory, Douglas Fields serves on the editorial board of several neuroscience journals and is the author of over 150 articles and the book The Other Brain. ,http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2012/03/17/drilling-for-oil-in-eden-initiative-to-save-amazon-rainforest-in-ecuador-is-uncertain/
The money from the Yasuní Initiative would be used to develop a sustainable future while
AND
that the Yasuní Park is still 90 undisturbed, according to Larrea.
?
Part 5: Underview
First, Extinction must matter under any framework. Traditional ethics must be abandoned in the face of extinction in order to ensure that deliberation over the alternatives can continue. Bostrom,
Nick Bostrom ‘11, “The Concept of Existential Risk”, 2011, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential