Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Drew Burd | Judge: John Sims

I value morality.

The standard is maximizing expected well being.

Prefer this standard for 3 additional reasons 

1. Util and democracy go hand in hand-means democratic governments are utilitarian in nature.
   Riley 90 (Jonathan~Philo Professor at Murphy Univ~, "Utilitarian Ethics and Democratic Government", The Univ of Chicago Press, 1990, JS)
   John Hart Ely suggests that "democracy is a sort of applied utilitari- ¶
   AND
   how many are helped? How many hurt? And by how much?

2. Policy makers must use utilitarianism when making decisions because they can only make decisions based on the good of the public.====
Goodin 90 (Robert, ~professor of philosophy at the Australian National University college of arts and social sciences~ "The Utilitarian Response," pp 141-142, online, AZ)
My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation
AND
want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct.

3. Life is a precondition; we must be alive in order to have orderly society or ethics.

Contention 1 is ILAW

International Law guarantees universal suffrage.
Kirshner (Alexander~Founder of the Democracy Coalition Project~, "The International status of the Right to Vote", DemCoalition, No Date, JS)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the preeminent global ¶ aspirational
AND
that becomes in some measure a part of the international legal order."5

Compulsory Voting is key to restoring universal suffrage.
IPPR 6 (~Institute of Public Research Policy~, "Only compulsory turnout can restore principle of universal suffrage", IPPR, May 2006, JS)

Ahead of this week’s local elections, new research shows that as turnout continues to
AND
already vote, rather than encouraging non voters to get the voting habit.

Upholding international law is necessary to solve almost every impact.

IEER (Institute for Energy and Environment Resources and the Lawyer’s Committee on Nuclear Policy, "Rule of power or rule of law?" IEER, 2002)
The evolution of international law since World War II is largely a response to the
AND
state has followed the U.S. example and opted out of compliance

Contention 2 is Mexico 

====Mexican democracy is collapsing====
Johnson 13 (Tim~reporter~, "In Mexico, fears for democracy as threatened journalists curtail coverage" , McClatchey News, May 16, 2013, JS)
And the violence has worked. In much of Mexico, local news outlets no
AND
crime reporter and author of a self-protection manual for Mexican journalists.

Democratic participation is key to Mexican stability.
Emmerich (Gustavo, "The State of Democracy in Mexico" , IDEA, No Date, JS)
Not disheartening, since after all Mexico is a democracy. Defective, may be
AND
considered as an example to countries in transition to democracy throughout the world.

Low Voter turnout destroys democracy
Stewart (Duncan~Univ of Utah~, "Topic Analysis", Univ of Utah, 2012, JS)
Today the largest threat facing democracy is democracy itself; voter turnout is the lowest
AND
unchecked power. Conversely the more people who participate the more legitimate the government

Low Voter turnout destroys democracy-5 reasons. Compulsory voting is the only alternative.
Lijphart (Arend, "Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 91, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 1-14, Accessed on Jstor, 1997, JS)
L ow voter turnout is a serious democratic problem for five reasons: (1
AND
compulsory voting. Its advantages far outweigh the normative and practical objections to it

Mexican collapse causes massive global oil shocks.

Moran 09 ~Michael Moran "Six Crises, 2009: A Half-Dozen Ways Geopolitics Could Upset Global Recovery" Roubini Global Economics, July 31, 2009~
A story receiving more attention in the American media than Iraq these days is the
AND
to oil fields well-beyond their peak and restrictions on foreign investment.

Oil shocks cause extinction

Stephen Lendman 2007 (Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization. ~Stephen Lendman, "Resource Wars - Can We Survive Them?," Rense.com, 6-6-7, pg. http://www.rense.com/general76/resrouce.htm~~**
With the world’s energy supplies finite, the US heavily dependent on imports, and
AND
earth, or at least a big part of it, would have survived

Contention 3 is Pakistan 

Pakistan on verge of collapse from terrorism-err neg on the invisible threshold.
The Daily Bhaskar 8/12/13 (~Indian Newspaper~ "Pakistan to become global terror-hub in next 6 months, country on the verge of collapse", JS)

The country has been under the shackles of some of the most dreaded militant groups
AND
to stop terror-related activities directed at Uyghurs region in China. ¶ 

Low Voter turnout is destroying Pakistan democracy-Compulsory voting solves.
Humayun 13(Abdullah~Pakistan Today Analyst~, "Compulsory Voting: Quick Fix or Long Term solution", Pakistan Today, April 28 2013, JS)
Four decades and nine elections later and the statistics for political engagement among the populace
AND
where for all three, voter turnout is higher than 90 per cent. 

Flourishing democratic institutions solve terrorism.
Limsarmarnphun 6(Nophakun~Writer for multiple News sources including Korean Herald, the Huffington Post~, "Five root causes of terrorism-and how to solve them", The Nation, 2006, JS)
Ramesh Thakur, senior vice rector of the United Nations University, recently provided a
AND
to the greater evil of destroying the very values for which democracy stands."
There are 2 impacts 

1. Increased terrorism increases the chances of them attaining nuclear weapons. Future terrorist attacks risk extinction.

Alexander 03 (Yonah, ~director of the Institute for Studies in International Terrorism~ "Terrorism myths and realities," The Washington Times, August 27, 2003, online, AZ)
Last week’s brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad and Jerusalem have once again illustrated dramatically that
AND
~ with its serious implications concerning national, regional and global security concerns.

2. Pakistan instability leads to nuclear war and terrorism – only sovereignty solves.

Morgan 7 (Stephen ~Political psychologist, former member of British Labour Party Executive Committee~ "Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan21?" Electronic Articles, 2007, online, MG)
Fundamentalism is deeply rooted in Pakistan society. The fact that in the year following
AND
in a new Cold War with China and Russia pitted against the US. 

Indo-Pak war means extinction.

Fai 1 (Dr. Ghulam ~PhD Communications, Director of Kashmiri American Council~ "India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir," Washington Times, July 8, 2001, online, MG)
The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
AND
an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention. 

Contention 4 is the American economy 

Us economy is on the brink of collapse-err aff on the invisible threshold.
Weil 8/15/13(Dan~Economic Analyst/Predictor~ "
AND
money, we’ve borrowed all the money and we’re in the tank."

Voter turnout means more government revenue and less government spending-Studies prove
Brookie (James Harrison~Professor at Graduate School of Clemson University~, "THE EFFECT OF COMPULSORY VOTING LAWS ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING", Clemson Univ, August 2008, JS)

The primary test~run~ I ran was to see if there was a
AND
, then it will have 4.1 ¶ percent less spending percentage.
Increased spending is what is destroying the economy.
Roe 11(Phil, ~U.S. Congress representative for Tenessee~ "Cut, cap, and balance: a fight toward fiscal responsibility," The Hill, May 18, 2011, online, AZ)
On Monday, the United States reached the legal limit of its borrowing authority –
AND
spree, our nation will face economic collapse in the long-term.

Economic collapse means multiple scenarios for nuclear conflict – extinction.

Friedberg and Schoenberg 8 (Aaron ~Prof of Politics and IR at Princeton~, Gabriel ~senior editor for commentary at WSJ~ "The Dangers of a Diminished America" Wall Street Journal, 2008, MG)
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world’s financial architecture
AND
of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: Coppell | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Normal Util Justifications
Plan Text: India will prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction by getting rid of the dams that give them a monopoly over the rivers that flow through both India and Pakistan

First, is the internal link: Dams cause significant damage to the environment in their quest to extract water. Dams also trigger massive biodiversity loss.
International Rivers 2(~Organization aimed at protecting rivers~, "Environmental Impact of Dams", 2002, JS)
The environmental consequences of large dams are numerous and varied, and includes direct impacts
AND
and farmland, erosion of coastal deltas, and many other unmitigable impacts.

And India has put up more and more dams in the Himalayas region to exploit water in the region.
Vidal 13(John, "China and India ’water grab’ dams put ecology of Himalayas in danger", The Guardian, August 10 2013, JS)
The future of the world’s most famous mountain range could be endangered by a vast
AND
minimum 129 projects," said Grumbine, author of a paper in Science-http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6115/36.summary.

Advantage 1: Indo-Pak War
Indo-Pak relations are on the brink because of Pakistani PM Nawaz Sharif and collapse means war over Kashmir.
Zabarwan Times 12/5/13(~Indian News Source~, "Indo-Pak relations on the brink of collapse", JS)
The Indo-Pak relations which are going through a rough weather have got one
AND
more conflicts and more dents to the efforts of peace in any part.¶ 

Water is the root cause of Indo-Pak tensions right now as Pakistan continues to get more and more desperate over its lack of water. India’s growing monopoly and construction of dams over many of the two countries’ rivers has been the root cause of Pakistan’s water shortage. The continuation of this monopoly will only result in destruction of relations.
Ghosh 13(Palash~analyst for IBT~, "What are India and Pakistan really fighting about?", IBT, JS)
Since their mutual formation in 1947, India and Pakistan have engaged in three major
AND
. Pakistan has raised this concern with the World Bank," he said.

Indo-Pak war means extinction.

Fai 1 (Dr. Ghulam ~PhD Communications, Director of Kashmiri American Council~ "India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir," Washington Times, July 8, 2001, online, MG)
The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical
AND
an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention. 

Advantage 2: Biodiversity Loss
India is losing biodiversity at an increasingly large rate and as one of the biggest biodiversity hubs in the world its loss affects the entire planet.
Balaji 10(S., "Paradise Lost: India’s biodiversity towards extinction", ONEWORLD South Asia, May 28 2010, JS)
The two hotspots of India, Western Ghats and Himalayan region, which are the
AND
human species now uses 40 of the planet’s annual net photosynthesis production.

Biodiversity loss will cause planetary extinction
Diner 94 (David ~Judge Advocate General’s Corps of US Army~, Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161)
No species has ever dominated its fellow species as man has. In most cases
AND
, ¶ ~hu~mankind may be edging closer to the abyss.

Tournament: Coppell | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Plan Text: India will prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction by getting rid of the dams that give them a monopoly over the rivers that flow through both India and Pakistan

I advocate that South Africa enact environmental protection policies by creating wildlife preservation areas to strictly protect African Elephant habitats and to stop them from being slaughtered and their resources sold

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: IDK | Judge: IDK
The Leviathan is the perfect representation of man. Every part of it works in harmony to keep balance in the world.
Hobbes (Thomas~prominent philosopher and writer of the Leviathan and many books~, "The Leviathan", Renascence Editions, Online, 1651, Accessed February 26 2014, JS)
NATURE (the art whereby God hath made and governs the world) is by
AND
or the Let us make man, pronounced by God in the Creation.

Understanding oneself requires an understanding of all men. The Leviathan functions as platform for understanding mankind.
Hobbes 2(Thomas~prominent philosopher and writer of the Leviathan and many books~, "The Leviathan", Renascence Editions, Online, 1651, Accessed February 26 2014, JS)
Consequently whereunto, those persons, that for the most part can give no other
AND
in himself. For this kind of doctrine admitteth no other demonstration.  
The Leviathan is also an escape; the State of Nature is a state of endless violence and death something man desperately attempts to avoid.
Friend (Celeste, ~Philosophy professor at Hamilton College~ "Social Contract Theory, IEP,  October 15, 2004, online, JS)
According to Hobbes, the justification for political obligation is this: given that men
AND
can find themselves. It is the state of perpetual and unavoidable war.

Thus, in order to avoid the state of nature, man submits to the Leviathan and creates civil society.

Friend 2 (Celeste, ~Philosophy professor at Hamilton College~ "Social Contract Theory," IEP, October 15, 2004, online, JS)
Because men are reasonable, they can see their way out of such a state
AND
an enforcement mechanism for the social contract and the laws that constitute it.

Thus the Standard is the preservation of the Leviathan defined as preservation of the sovereignty of individual countries.
I contend that political conditions are unjust because they harm sovereignty.
First, Political conditions harm country sovereignty as they essentially force countries to act in one way.
Barder 5(Owen~development economist~, "What sort of conditions should there be on aid?". Owen Abroad, 2005, JS)
I worked for many years in the UK Treasury, latterly on public expenditure management
AND
It is difficult to overstate the long-term importance of resolving this.

Coercion through conditionality by stronger states creates a strong power-weak power relationship.
Conteh-Morgan 1(Earl~Professor of International Studies in the Department of Government and International Affairs, at the University of South Florida~, "Internation Intervention: Conflict, Economic dislocation, and the Hegemonic role of dominant actors", May 2001, JS)
Institutionalization is an integral aspect of the Gramscian notion of hegemony because institutions (whether
AND
a reflection of a particular structure of world order and forces in existence.

And, this destroys the nation’s sovereignty and consequently the Leviathan.
Conteh-Morgan 2(Earl~Professor of International Studies in the Department of Government and International Affairs, at the University of South Florida~, "Internation Intervention: Conflict, Economic dislocation, and the Hegemonic role of dominant actors", May 2001, JS)
However, the pervasive effects of core collective hegemony subvert the developing state’s monopoly of
AND
dominant non-state actors (Armstrong, 1993; Beckman, 1992).

Political conditions erode governmental accountability.
Barder 5(Owen~development economist~, "What sort of conditions should there be on aid?". Owen Abroad, 2005, JS)
It is sometimes claimed as a benefit of aid conditionality that it enables governments to
AND
of governments to their citizens, the system delays rather than accelerates reform.

Underview
The Global Economy is improving but developing countries are still at risk of downfall due to the stoppage of bond buying by the US. The market must remain stable for the economy to not collapse.
Caulderwood 1/15/2014(Kathleen~IBT Anaylst~, "Global Economy Is Recovering, But Some Developing Countries Must Be Careful As Fed Cuts Bond Buying, World Bank Warns", IBT, JS)
The global economy is expected to grow by 3.2 percent this year,
AND
holding elections in 2014, which will make fiscal policy decisions even trickier.

Aid conditions significantly increase transaction costs making them almost worthless.
Barder 5(Owen~development economist~, "What sort of conditions should there be on aid?". Owen Abroad, 2005, JS)
Aid conditions add significantly to the transactions costs of aid, for both recipient and
AND
adding hugely to the transactions costs of the aid program for no benefit.

The lack of predictability triggers tremendous economic strain for countries in need of aid and market instability.
Barder 5(Owen~development economist~, "What sort of conditions should there be on aid?". Owen Abroad, 2005, JS)
The single biggest constraint on the effectiveness of aid is not the corruption or incompetence
AND
the effectiveness with which they are able to use the aid they receive.

And, developing countries are key to the global economy.
OECD
The rapid growth of emerging economies has led to a shift in economic power:
AND
double the gains achievable by a similar reduction on North-South trade.

Economic collapse causes global nuclear wars
Harris 26 Burrows 2009 PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) 26 member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit Mathew, and Jennifer "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf  

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Part 1 is the Issue
Gil Dasio Meirelles found himself trapped in horrible conditions and fighting for his life as he decided to gamble his life in attempt to free himself from his oppressors.
Bevins 12 (Vincent~LA Times analyst~, "Brazil workers exploited as modern day Amazon slaves", LA Times, June 12 2012, JS)
After months of chopping down trees in the forest without pay and living on rice
AND
."  He knew he had to take his chances, or die trying.

Unfortunately Meirelles’s story is not an anomaly. Thousands of people have been forced into this new kind of modern day slavery within the Amazon Jungle as they tirelessly forced to extract the Basin’s many resources.
Atlanta Black Star 12("A new kind of slavery exists in the Amazon", June 7 2012, JS)
Deep in the humid jungles of Brazil, unsuspecting citizens are being forced into a
AND
complaints against their specific operations, but the government has taken little action.

(Doesn’t have to be read in round) Put away your poverty turns. These people in the Jungle are kept without pay and forced to even give up money towards made up "debts".
Bevins 2 (Vincent~LA Times analyst~, "Brazil workers exploited as modern day Amazon slaves", LA Times, June 12 2012, JS)
Meirelles was one of tens of thousands of Brazilians living in what critics call modern
AND
threatened with violence or abused. Others simply cannot afford the journey home.

At gunpoint these poor people are forced to continue working and are forced to live in dehumanizing working conditions.
Smith and Voreacos 6(Michael and David~Bloomberg Analysts~, "Slaves in Amazon Forced to Make Material Used in Cars", Bloomberg, November 2 2006, JS)
Modern-day slaves in Latin America aren’t bought and sold as slaves were in
AND
eat rancid scraps of meat along with rice, beans or watery stews.

Mining sites have caused even worse, unspeakable crimes as children have been forced to work as child sex slaves. THIS HAS TO END.
Abramovich 12 (Paulina~DRG member~, "Murders, child slavery, and deforestation rampant in Amazonia as gold rush devastates region-http://dgrnewsservice.org/2012/05/15/murders-child-slavery-and-deforestation-rampant-in-amazonia-as-gold-rush-devastates-region/", DRG News Service, May 15 2012, JS)

Unlicensed mining, especially for gold, has already killed hundreds of people and devastated
AND
living off the illegal mining of gold in extreme conditions, ARM says.

Part 2 is the solution
Thus the Plan Text: The Countries of the Amazon River Basin (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Ecuador) will ban logging and mining within their countries and will stop precious metal, mineral, and logging trade.

And, Banning Slavery within countries has solved nothing. Just look at Brazil, a country that banned slavery years back and still has been able to do nothing for these slaves.
Smith and Voreacos 6(Michael and David~Bloomberg Analysts~, "Slaves in Amazon Forced to Make Material Used in Cars", Bloomberg, November 2 2006, JS)
Cosipar’s Monteiro says the agreement doesn’t use the word slavery. ``If it were
AND
at Ferro Gusa Carajas, a pig iron plant in Maraba, Brazil.

The root cause for this oppression has been the unbelievable thirst for the Amazon’s resources only by attacking this resource extraction specifically can we end this modern day slavery.
Abramovich 2 (Paulina~DRG member~, "Murders, child slavery, and deforestation rampant in Amazonia as gold rush devastates region-http://dgrnewsservice.org/2012/05/15/murders-child-slavery-and-deforestation-rampant-in-amazonia-as-gold-rush-devastates-region/", DRG News Service, May 15 2012, JS)
The growing thirst for mineral resources makes Latin America one of the most attractive regions for investment, set to dominate world production of precious metals by 2020.  Today, Latin America accounts for 45 percent of global copper production, 50 percent of silver and 20 percent of gold.

Calling companies to reform has done nothing, only by calling too end resource extraction can we stop this slavery.
Smith and Voreacos 3(Michael and David~Bloomberg Analysts~, "Slaves in Amazon Forced to Make Material Used in Cars", Bloomberg, November 2 2006, JS)
``The truth is that if the government today insisted that the industry here use
AND
125 charcoal suppliers for failing such inspections, according to its Web site.

And, environmental protection solves for the oppression harms of the AC by operating as a mechanism to protect human rights.

Augenstein (Daniel ~study for the European Commission at the University of Edinburgh~ "Study of the legal framework on human rights and the environment applicable to European enterprises operating outside the European Union", NY)
Given the demonstrated linkages between human rights and environmental harms noted above, effective protection
AND
a transparent and participatory process with third country governments and other affected stakeholders.