Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 9 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Presume aff- neg bias 57

skep affirms

Aff--- RVI

Compulsory voting is consistent with democracy- 7 reasons(this case the reasons were analytic)
1.voter turnout key to preserving legitimacy
2. social Contract theory - voting is a reciprocal oblgiation to the state
3. Democracy premised on voters showing up- rejecting voting= rejecting democracy
4.Helps include less well off people and maintain everyone in a democracy
5. Allows more accurate deliberation
6. Allows consensus and check against oppressive, non democratic regimes

burden of the AC: prove democracy true

Ethics devolve to first person
Anker: 

Moral disagreement plagues ethical theories
Mcgrath: 

Democracy epistemologically likely to be true

Christiano: 

Democracy only good in subj world
Mouffe:

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Quads | Opponent:  | Judge:
v: m

Ethical theories are developed based on usefulness

Hookway:
Hookway, Christopher, and#34;Pragmatismand#34;, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2010/entries/pragmatism/.

Having discussed.... what we do with it

2. Only pragmatism guides action- people would not be motivated to follow useless theories

3. Pragmatism consistent with our conception of what truth is

James:
James, William, American philosopher, Lecture: Pragmatism’s Conception of Truth, A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, http://www.d.umn.edu/~dcole/phillang/WilliamJamesPragmatismLecture6.htm

and#34;Truth, as any dictioanry will tell you... for it is essentialand#34;

Political realism is true

Mearsheimer:
Mearsheimer, John (Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science, University of Chicago.) “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War.” http://www.scribd.com/doc/54088483/Back-to-the-Future-John-Mearsheimer
and#34;Conflict is common among.... more power at the expense of rivalsand#34;

Realism precedes normative evaluations
Stensli:

vc: consistency with realism

A is the plan text: The German legislature ought to implement compulsory voting in the upcoming 2013 elections.

No German CV now
Kent:
Kent, Jason. “Compulsory voting: Motivating The Base and Australiaand#39;s Electoral Fraud.” 4 April 2012.

Merkel has small lead in the polls

Torry:

CV drastically benefits opposing candidate and hurts Merkel

Ulrich:

Merkel loss key to repeal of austerity and increased financial aid

Hawley:

Continued austerity will collapse Eurozone

Steinberg:
Steinberg, Stefan (Journalist focusing on economic issues). and#34;Austerity Policies Heighten National Divisions in Europe -.and#34; N.p., 06 May 2013. Web. 24 Aug. 2013. http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/05/06/euro-m06.html.

Collapse of eurozone leads to global collapse

Egan:
Egan, Matt. and#34;Citi: Euro Collapse Would Spark Global Depression, Push Unemployment Above 20.and#34; Fox Business. N.p., 08 Dec. 2011. Web. 24 Aug. 2013. http://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/2011/12/08/citi-euro-collapse-would-cause-global-depression-send-unemployment-above-20/.

Economic collapse means extinction.
Bearden:
Bearden (Director of Association of Distinguished American Scientists) T. E., “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” Space Energy Access Systems, 2000. http://www.seaspower.com/EnergyCrisis-Bearden.htm

Underview: Plans are good
a. stable advocacies
b. Breadth
c. Real World/ Policymaking

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 8 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Prefer political philosophy
Any legitimate government must be bound to its citizens’ will. 1. The state’s authority is derived from the general will, so it has no external right to rule. Bertram:

Bertram, Christopher, "Jean Jacques Rousseau", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/rousseau/.

3. The people are the will of the government. The state only exists to carries out the general will. Rousseau:

4.Public deliberation is a critical component of democracy since it checks political manipulation, ensuring that the true interests of its citizens are accounted for. 

Niemeyer, Simon. "The emancipatory effect of deliberation: Empirical lessons from mini-publics." Politics and Society 39.1 (2011): 103-140.

2. The government is no longer accountable to the general will or any citizen when they reject an idea before thoroughly deliberating about it. Gutmann and Thompson:  Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson. "Sample Chapter for Gutmann, A. and Thompson, D.: Why Deliberative Democracy?" Princeton University Press. Princeton University, 2004. Web. 17 Aug. 2013.

vc: consistency with principles of deliberative democracy

Democracy with a deliberative focus is the most epistemologically reliable standard.  Christiano:

 (Thomas Christiano. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Jul 27, 2006. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democracy/#NonInsVal Democracy)

No moral theory is perfect, or else debate would be impossible. Deliberative democracy is the only theory that can correct its own mistakes. Gutmann and Thompson 2:

My advocacy text is that democratic governments ought to mandate compulsory voting to promote deliberation at both the public and government levels. For clarity, Dawood explains  the scope of deliberative democracy:

Dawood, Yasmin. “Second Best Deliberation and Election Law.” LAW OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY, New York University. April 5-6, 2013. http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/staff/events/files/Program20-20Law20of20Deliberative20Democracy,20NYU.pdf

Contention one: Compulsory voting forces citizens to become more educated which encourages political discussion. Milazzo:

Milazzo, Caitlin. "Institutions and Engagement: The Impact of Compulsory Voting on Political Discussion in Switzerland" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 67th Annual National Conference, The Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Apr 02, 2009 Not Available. 2013-05-05 http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p363025_index.html

When all people are forced to express their opinions, smaller party candidates are more likely to get elected. This forces the government to consider and deliberate about new perspectives. Jensen:

Jensen, Christian B., and Jae-Jae Spoon. "Compelled without direction: Compulsory voting and party system spreading." Electoral Studies 30.4 (2011): 700-711.