Tournament: Any | Round: 3 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A-Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all broken cases and cases read in this round (ACs, NCs, DAs, CPs, and kritiks) on the NDCA wiki. In this disclosure, they must post cites, tags, and first three and last three words of all cards read. Debaters may begin disclosing at any point during the season, but they must disclose all broken cases and cases read in this round at least an hour before this round in order to meet my interp.

We will be reading different interps for this shell. The interps will most likely change based on the round, but it will be something similar to this. We also might read must disclose topicality. We will disclose all the interps as we break them. 

B-Violation:

C-Standards:

1. Clash
   2. Strat Skew
   3. Academic Integrity

D-Voter: Fairness and Education

Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Defense of “Countries” in the topic and your use of the assumption of state primacy in global affairs makes sovereignty immovable and the nation state inevitable. Treating the nation state as inevitable and war as a feature of life justifies makes solving violence impossible.
Neocleous, Mark. "Off the Map On Violence and Cartography." European Journal of Social Theory 6.4 (2003): 409-425.
“Second, in obliterating significant… account at all.

The impact is literally infinite violence in the name of social order. It causes unending bloodshed and is the reason for all and armies and any attempt to deescalate the violence is contained, which makes extinction by statism and terrorism inevitable
Neocleous, Mark. "Off the Map On Violence and Cartography." European Journal of Social Theory 6.4 (2003): 409-425.
But there is more to territory… which it could then¶ properly confront.

The alternative is to embrace deterritoriality and the death of the state. The alternative solves – the nation state and borders are not inevitable, but only a function of our contingent representations. De-bording is as simple as an alteration in the way you think.
Neocleous, Mark. "Off the Map On Violence and Cartography." European Journal of Social Theory 6.4 (2003): 409-425.
The map, then, has been an instrument… Geo-body created literally on paper

Tournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Morality must be based in impulses because only it is inescapable.
Joyce, Richard. Myth of Morality. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p 31.
“Moral inescapability is…in later chapters.”

Humans pursue their ends at the expense of the environment.
Why Are There So Many of Us?  Description and Diagnosis of a Planetary Ecopathological Process Warren M. Hern University of Colorado Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume 12, Number 1, Fall 1990 © 1990 Human Sciences Press
“When images of…in their habitats.”

Prefer long term data.
Roach, John. “Human Evolution Speeding Up, Study Says.” Dec 11, 2007. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/12/071211-human-evolution.html
“Explosive population growth…in the research.”

Tournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Frameworks determine what counts as evidence or rationality, making it impossible to rationally debate between frameworks.
Joyce, Richard. Myth of Morality. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p 45-47.
"This distinction between...or the other."

Moral language linguistically refers to the real world manifestation of epistemological subjectivism by which the most dominant group in society actively manipulates normative concepts to promote its own interest.
Rist, John M Prof. at University of Toronto. Real Ethics: Reconsidering the Foundations of Morality Cambridge University Press, 2002.
"The claim of...are still idiots."

VC: Consistency with the state's will

I contend affirming disrespects the states will. Realism analytics.

Tournament: Any | Round: 4 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
All moral reasons are premised on desires.
Heathwood, Chris. “Desire-Based Theories of Reasons, Pleasure, and Welfare.” Oxford Studies In Meta-ethics Volume 6. Ed. Russ Shafer-Landau
“The answer is…theories of reasons.”

Motivational internalism requires respecting reciprocal relations.
Rachels, James. "Punishment and Desert," originally appeared in Ethics in Practice, edited by Hugh LaFollette (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1997), pp. 470-479. http://www.jamesrachels.org/punanddes.pdf
"So once again...to be effective."

VC: Respecting reciprocal relations

I contend that the principle of resource extraction is reciprocal for developing nations.

We may read this with Aims T. We'll disclose the T shell once it's broken.

Tournament: Any | Round: 2 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Developing Countries discourse functioned as a mechanism for the production and management of the world.
REFLECTIONS ON ¶ ‘DEVELOPMENT’ ¶ Grassroots approaches and ¶ alternative politics in the ¶ Third World ¶ Arturo Escobar¶ Arturo Escobar is in the Department of Anthropology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, ¶ USA. ¶ FUTURES June 1992. http://ac.els-cdn.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/0016328792900147/1-s2.0-0016328792900147-main.pdf?_tid=1a49eef8-6e6b-11e3-8ae3-00000aab0f26andacdnat=1388089383_b54ee87bc55809074d12b4f85a8b70cc
“As in the…as under development.”

Epistemological exclusion lays the groundwork for physical violence.
Pinar Batur, PhD @ UT-Austin – Prof. of Sociology @ Vassar, ‘7
“At the turn… genocide, in Darfur.”

An intellectual orientation that can be undermined by rethinking.
Richard L. W. Clarke LITS3304 Notes 13¶ EDWARD SAID¶ ORIENTALISM: WESTERN CONCEPTIONS OF THE ORIENT (1978)¶ Said, Edward. Orientalism: Western Representations of the Orient. London: Routledge and¶ Kegan Paul, 1978.
“Said contends that…East and West.”

This frames the topical discussion.
Reader, IR, U Westminster. PhD, politics, Bristol (Dibyesh, Western Colonial Representations of the Other, http://staff.bath.ac.uk/ecsda/DAnandNPSArticleMar07.pdf)
“Within the context… dispassionate, objective facts.”

Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Internalism fails to account for the categorical nature of moral imperatives and instead leads to subjectivity.
Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011.
“Internalism provides a…us as implausible.”

Externalism would not provide sufficient justification for an agent to act because morality must be a guide towards actions.
Katsafanas 2
“While externalism captures…decidedly odd property.”

Constitutivism avoids the pitfalls of both internalism and externalism while capturing the benefits of each theory.
Katsafanas 3
“Enter a third…is an agent.”

VC: Consistency with the will to power

The will to overcome resistance is implicit in every action.
Katsafanas 4
“It is important…and overcoming resistance.”

The contention is entirely analytic.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Hypothetical imperative.
Johnson, Robert, "Kant's Moral Philosophy", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/kant-moral/.
There are 'oughts'...in Kant's sense.

Constitutivism.
Geach, P.T. “Good and Evil.”
I can now...my thesis, illegitimate).

The constitution is constitutive of the US government.
"The Constitution of the United States of America." Almanac of Policy Issues. June 2004. Web. http://www.policyalmanac.org/government/archive/constitution.shtml.  
It establishes the...of every individual.

Affirming violates the 6th amendment, Supreme Court proves.
Fordham Law Review Volume 71 | Issue 4 Article 3
2003 The Evisceration of the Attorney-Client Privilege in the Wake of September 11, 2001 Marjorie Cohn
The accused in...assistance of counsel.

Tournament: Sunvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Daisy Massey | Judge: Sol Ehrlich
Goodness is not a property of an object.
Pigden, Charles. “Russell’s Moral Philosophy.” SEP. 2007.
"For any naturalistic...not mean ‘X’"

This means environmental protection should not be prioritized over resource extraction.
Pigden, Charles. “Russell’s Moral Philosophy.” SEP. 2007.
"Indeed ‘ethical judgments...maximize or minimize."

Tournament: Greenhill, Valley, Beltway | Round: 4 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
Discourse first.
Kinsella-Stephan Kinsella, Friday, May 27, 2011, Argumentation Ethics and Liberty: A Concise Guide
It has been a common...presupposed by the very activity of arguing. 

Must respect body and mind.
Hoppe (looking for cite)
Clearly then, the universalization...caught up in a contradiction.  

Aff disrespects body and mind.
amaruscu 12 ~Andreea Daniela Amârâscu, 2012. MA in Political Science at the Central European University. and#34;Splitting a Larger Pie: A Simulation of the Effects of Compulsory Voting on the 2009 Romanian Presidential Election Outcome.and#34; Central European University Department of Political Science
Nevertheless, even if...to the electoral process.

Tournament: Greenhill, Valley, Beltway | Round: 2 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
All moral reasons are premised on desires.
Heathwood, Chris. “Desire-Based Theories of Reasons, Pleasure, and Welfare.” Oxford Studies In Meta-ethics Volume 6. Ed. Russ Shafer-Landau
“The answer is…theories of reasons.”

The only normative theory consistent with internalism is contractarianism whereby we make mutual restraints on our self-interest with others.
Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print.
“Moral principles are…in their affairs.”

VC: Consistency with a contractarian system of mutual restraint. 

Contractarianism requires parties to be equal when entering contracts.
Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print.
“But the strengths…rationally grounded morality.”

Inductive reasoning fails, so interpretations contingent on the consequences of affirming or negating are nonsensical.
Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, http://18th.eserver.org/hume-enquiry.html#4
“That there are…point in question.”

Tournament: Greenhill, Valley, Beltway | Round: 1 | Opponent: Many | Judge: Many
A-Interpretation: If the aff defends a legal penalty for non-compliance for refusing to vote, the aff must specify that penalty.

B-Violation: They didn't spec any sanctions  

C-Standards:

Ground: 

There is a huge variation in sanctions. Each has different effects and is key to real world.
Sam Younger. Compulsory Voting Around the World, UK Parliament Commission report 2006.
As we have...serve jail sentences.

D-Voter: Fairness