Tournament: Scarsdale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant | Judge: Katz,Max
A. UQ: China’s economy is stable now but upcoming reforms threaten collapse- maintain production key. Weil  12/18
Dan Weil , "Greenspan: Bubbles Surfacing in China’s Economy:. Money News, December 18, 2013, http://www.moneynews.com/StreetTalk/Greenspan-bubbles-brewing-Chinas/2013/12/18/id/542695. RP 12/19/13

Bubbles are surfacing in China’s economy, as the government seeks to free up
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will have to address its growing debt problem and significantly increase productivity."

B. Links
Natural resources key to Chinese economy. Camus et al  ’13

Juan Andres Camus, Jane LePham, Roshan Shankar, and Kenny White, "Strictly Business? An Examination of China’s Natural- Resource Acquisition Strategy in Latin America".  SIEPR (Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research), April 2013http:publicpolicy.stanford.edu/system/files/strictlybusinesssieprpolicybrief.pdf. 11/2/13

In 2011, China became the second largest importer of resources in the world (24
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, and agricultural food products forms the cornerstone of its resource acquisition strategy. 

Taiwan war

Lewis 8 ~Dan, Research Director – Economic Research Council, "The Nightmare of a Chinese Economic Collapse," World Finance, 5/13, http://www.worldfinance.com/news/home/finalbell/article117.html~~
In 2001, Gordon Chang authored a global bestseller "The Coming Collapse of China
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by going to war with Taiwan – whom America is pledged to defend.

Extinction

Taipei Times 133/16/13¶ (Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report, www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211)
Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between China
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weapons arsenals, such a conflict would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Katy Taylor NY | Judge:
Isis, Aeshah, John
I negate and value justice. 

The only way to ensure that the government doesn’t become immoral is to ensure constitutional checks. This prevents arbitrary government action and creates a fixed code of law for all others to abide by. Edelman ~The Status of the Israeli Constitution at the Present Time¶ Martin Edelman ¶ State University of New York at Albany Copyright © 2003 Purdue University. All rights reserved.¶ Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies21.4 (2003) 1-18 http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/journals/shofar/v021/21.4edelman.html-http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/journals/shofar/v021/21.4edelman.html, IADM~ 

The appeal of written constitutions is not simply a trendy convention. It is grounded
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circumstances and to plan one’s individual affairs on the basis of this knowledge.

Thus the standard is consistency with the US constitution. 

My thesis and sole contention is that placing values of truth seeking over those of attorney client privalge is unconstitutionalWithout the protection of attorney client privilege, defendants can never have the right to counsel, which means that truth can never effectively be sought because one party in the trial will always be put at a strategic disadvantage. Freidman ’91~Joshua T. Friedman, The Sixth Amendment, Attorney-Client Relationship and Government Intrusions: Who Bears the Unbearable Burden of¶ Proving Prejudice?, 40 Wash. U. J. Urb. 26 Contemp. L. 109 (1991)¶ Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.wustl.edu/urbanlaw/vol40/iss1/8-http://digitalcommons.law.wustl.edu/urbanlaw/vol40/iss1/8, IADM~ 

¶For several reasons, deliberate intrusions into the attorney-client relationship¶should
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a threshold burden of proving prejudice¶on the wronged party."9¶

Additionally, protection of the sixth amendment does not merely seek to ensure that the
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Procedure, Akhil Reed Amar, Yale University Press , 1997, IADM~ 

The importance of innocence and truth also helps to answer our final question, concerning
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of the courtroom, and keep their private information out of the trial. 

Thus, Negate.

Tournament: Sunvitiational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit | Judge:
1AC mindset that governments have a proactive obligation to prevent ecocide over resource extraction is one of white male privilege. Only the white male subject has the luxury of renouncing human centeredness. Lynn
~Extend Lynn: Created by men that they are allowed to gain dominance over genders because they can commidfy and control the environment, stems from women denying self interest~
~Wendy Lynne, 2009,  professor of philosophy at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, "Restoring Human-Centerednes to Environmental Conscience: The Ecocentrist’s Dilemma, the Role of Heterosexualized Anthropomorphizing, and the Significance of Language to Ecological Feminism" 14.1: Spring ~

What analyses like Martin’s show is that, even at a level of description taken
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the responsibility only human beings can take (1953, para.19). 

This means the 1AC won’t solve anything. They are trying to fix problems while perpetuating the root cause. Environmental exploitation is linked to a western patriarchal mindset. Birkeland
~Extend Birkeland: He is making a clear misake in this round saying he can solve for this. He says x will lead to better
~Janis Birkeland  Centre for Environmental Philosophy, Planning and Design, U. of Canberra, Belconnen, U. of CanberraDisengendering Ecofeminism, Trumpeter (1995), ISSN: 0832-6193, http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/302/450-http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/302/450~~
In an important analysis and refinement of ecofeminist theory, Feminism and the Mastery of
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our sense of self, and even our relationship to nature and community.
The 1AC’s analysis of nature without attempting to understand the social aspects of our interaction with nature makes patriarchal exploitation of women in developing countries invisible and impossible to solve. Salleh
~Salleh, Ariel. "Class, race, and gender discourse in the ecofeminism/deep ecology debate." Environmental ethics 15.3 (2008): 225-244.~
The separation of humanity and nature is the lynch pin of patriarchal ideology, and
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cry to "free shackled river," but more than rivers remain shackled21
The alternative is to reject the 1ACs focus on environmental exploitation and to embrace ecofeminist understanding. The ecofeminism calls for an intersectional approach when dealing with oppression by confronting patriarchy and ecocide as a form of breaking down dualisms between man and nature. Oster

~Laura Hobgood-Oster, Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas, Ecofeminism: Historic and International Evolution , http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/bron/pdf—christianity/Hobgood-Oster—Ecofeminism-International20Evolution.pdf-http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/bron/pdf~-~-christianity/Hobgood-Oster~-~-Ecofeminism-International Evolution.pdf~

Ecofeminism asserts that all forms of oppression are connected and that structures of oppression must
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, a phrase that Griffin uses to describe the ideological impact of dualism.
This logically leads us to negate because Environmental protection is a dualistic understanding of the material world because it assumes that we are not a part of nature and that nature is something that we can protect.
The Role of the ballot is to endorse the debater who best provides a solution for empowering women.
Women introduce new perspectives that universal moral principles cannot account for due to sexism making them inherently suspect. Disruption of these principles is through empowerment is key. Reilly
~Reilly (Professor at the School of Political Science and Sociology of the National University of Ireland, Galway) 2011 Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 19.2, p. 60-76, "Doing transnational feminism, transforming human rights: the emancipatory possibilities revisited,"~

Conclusions In this article, I have revisited transnational feminist engagement with ’human rights’
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interests, which routinely follow the hierarchies of wealth, knowledge and power.

Limitations to human rationality and the variability of to human value mean all ethics will concede that there is value in moral dialogue. Oppression arbitrary restricts voices thus oppression comes first under any moral theory. Clifford and Burke
~Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Derek Clifford, and Beverley Burke. ,Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/1403905568.pdf-http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/1403905568.pdf~~

Our view of the nature of ethics admits the possibility of giving reasons, drawing
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other’, in the sense of one who is socially and culturally different. 

In round activism against oppressive issues is the biggest impact in debate. Empirics prove that it allows the debate space to function as a training ground for debaters to go into real world to implement actual change. Polson
~Polson, Dana Roe BA interdisciplinary studies UVirginia; MA in music UVirginia; MM Viola Performance 26 Literature Eastman School of music; PhD in language, literacy, and culture. ""Longing for Theory:" Performance Debate in Action". Dissertation paper for UMaryland approved by Christine Mallinson PhD assistant professor language, literacy, and culture. 2012.~

I think the Talented Tenth is actually the wrong metaphor for leadership in the  performance
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schools, as well, and Paul Robeson High School now has students involved

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cypress Bay JS | Judge: Daniel Imas
Consistancy with function is the best definition of ought in the contet of both desirability

and logical consequence.

A functional ought allows for the constraints of

context. In a specific circumstance, we can call something desirable in accordance with 

the purpose of the activity we are enguaging in. Kastafanas:the activity we are enguaging in. Kastafanas: Kastafanas, Paul. “Constitutivism About Practical Reasons” (May 6th 2013). The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity. Philosopher, PhD. http://people.bu.edu/pkatsa/

if chess players aim

and

generate normative conclusions.

a functional ought would also make the most sense under a logical consequence

definition.

Macintyre: Alasdair Macintyre, 1981 Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and  Politics and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame “After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory.” University of  Notre Dame Press.

in a valid logical argument

and 

characteristically expected to serve.

Thus, the standard is consistancy with the constituative nature of a democracy. 

I contend that a democracy can still fufill its function without compulsory voting.

Tournament: Sunvitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus | Judge:
The resolution posits a question of what "developing countries" should do. Creating hypothetical decision making frameworks for these countries the resolution considers "developing" is epistemically violent and perpetuates our cultural bias. Tikly 1
~Leon Tikly, Education and the New Imperialism, Comparative Education , Vol. 40, No. 2, Special Issue (28): Postcolonialism and Comparative Education (May, 2004), pp. 173-198, Published by: Taylor 26 Francis, Ltd.Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4134648~~
Discourses about ’development’ can themselves be understood as an aspect of an emerging global governmentality
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view of progress and social change has its roots in the European enlightenment.
The impact is epistemic oppression. The affirmative sets the stage for all imperial violence by first devaluing the opinions of the colonial world by expecting to be able to determine the obligations of countries that they have a limited epistemic knowledge of. This Eurocentrism excludes non-Western worldviews by labeling them as "backwards," while at the same time privileging those who follow what the West prescribes. Andrews
~Nathan Andrews Department of Political Science , University of Alberta, Canada., Eyene Okpanachi Andrews Department of Political Science , University of Alberta, Canada., Trends of Epistemic Oppression and Academic Dependency in Africa’s Development: The Need for a New Intellectual Path, 85, The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.5, no.8, December 2012~
Epistemic oppression results from epistemic injustice built into the global knowledge production project. An
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continually perpetuates the status quo, thereby silencing ’other’ forms of knowledge.
This takes out the AC framework – two reasons: A. It is in accessible because western ideologies will inevitably subsume it making it so that developing countries could never actualize their obligations or B. we hold their truth claims suspect because they are rooted in a hegemonic, imperialist philosophy that does not take into account epistemic differences of developing countries.
The alternative is to de-imperialize the current resolution by acknowledging our western epistemic bias and debating methods of empowerment for "developing countries" so that they can make their own decisions. Tikly 2
~Leon Tikly,  Education and the New Imperialism, Comparative Education , Vol. 40, No. 2, Special Issue (28): Postcolonialism and Comparative Education (May, 2004), pp. 173-198, Published by: Taylor 26 Francis, Ltd., Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4134648~~
At a theoretical level I find Santos’ (1999) work to be particularly useful
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is to have a role in a new anti-imperial politics.  
The role of the ballot is to endorse the best method of challenging the imperialist assumptions of the resolution. Understanding the discourse surrounding imperialism, and especially "development," in an educational setting is necessary for any critical analysis we start. Tikly 3
 ~Leon Tikly, Education and the New Imperialism, Comparative Education , Vol. 40, No. 2, Special Issue (28): Postcolonialism and Comparative Education (May, 2004), pp. 173-198, Published by: Taylor 26 Francis, Ltd.Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4134648~~
In the above section, the new imperialism was portrayed as having economic, political
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in relation to which hegemony and counter-hegemony are constructed and contested.
Also, any truth claim is epistemically suspect thus there is always a higher order value in rejecting oppression so excluded voices can be incorporated into our own understandings. Clifford and Burke
~Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Derek Clifford, and Beverley Burke. ,Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/1403905568.pdf-http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/1403905568.pdf~~

Our view of the nature of ethics admits the possibility of giving reasons, drawing
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other’, in the sense of one who is socially and culturally different. 

The NC is taking a stance against the imperialist discourse the 1AC perpetuates. Pretending that debate is merely a game is a failure to acknowledge our privilege and will perpetuate a system of exclusion and imperialism in the real world. Wise
~White Like Me : Reflections on Race from a Privileged Son (09 January 2005) by Tim Wise~
In this way, competitive debate reinforces whiteness and affluence as normative conditions, and
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ideas have proven to be for the vast majority of the planet’s inhabitants.

The ballot plays an expressive role in endorsing and rejecting ideologies represented in debate because if debaters are forced to defend the representations of their positions than they will be more inclined to choose one that is not flawed. Racist language proves. Snider 

Alfred C. Snider, Edwin Lawrence Assistant Professor of Forensics - University of Vermont, ’04(http://debate.uvm.edu/ReplyFrank.doc-http://debate.uvm.edu/ReplyFrank.doc, date from Archive.org, article also cites 2002 articles)

The challenges to the game of debate mentioned in my essay also directly address this
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in the decision. Winning at all costs could cost you the win.