Tournament: Meadows, Alta, Damus | Round: 4 | Opponent: Loyola MG, Harvard Westlake CC, etc for the lolz | Judge: Tim Alderete, Tom Placido, Ryan Hamilton

Contention 1 is Exposure:

Bartley, James. March 5^th, 2012. "The Human Species". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

Human beings were created (that is, invented) via genetic experiments that were
AND
you worship authority figures, and so you believe whatever they tell you.

2^nd - Discourse isn’t neutral- the affirmative represents a form of truth that necessitates our dissent. Interrogation of their discursive assumptions is a priori to affirmation or negation of the resolution.

Bleiker, 0 Ph.D. visiting research and teaching affiliations at Harvard, Cambridge, Humboldt, Tampere, Yonsei and Pusan National University as well as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague,(Roland, Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics, Cambridge University Press)

To recognize that language is politics is to acknowledge that form and substance cannot be
AND
. Dissent in global politics is the process that interferes with such objectifications. 

Contention 2 is Truth:

A - The affirmative is stuck in a false conception of truth and knowledge: produced by the ruling class. This only reinforces their domination over humanity. Truth cannot be sought when it is tainted by elite controlled legal systems (US CJS)

Bartley 2, James. March 5^th, 2012. "No, Times Have Not Changed". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

The year is 2012 AD, but we do not live in modern times yet
AND
even more under the grasp of the elite than from where they began. 

B - And, the ruling class uses knowledge production to control humanity to oppress those beneath them.

Bartley 3, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Morality". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

In essence, all of this talk about the mysterious and paranoid-sounding "
AND
has been forgotten and the oppressive elite are impeding true human social progression.

C - And this reintrenchment of elite oppression creates complacency – idleness is the face of oppression.

Bartley 4, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Man’s Greatest Lie". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

That is, society was designed so that no one would ever question the so
AND
no, Earth’s controllers would never willingly tell you the truth about themselves. 

Oppression must be rejected in all instances – it is the root cause of negative impacts by removing sympathy and humanity from actors justifying any action.

Contention 3 is the Revolution:

The K functions in 2 ways:

The kritik functions as a rupture for the way we produce knowledge within Lincoln Douglas
AND
how we exclude other information and the way that people understand the world.  
An exposition of the oppression evident within our society and the way in which the elite of society with their production of knowledge and truth within our society to solidify their control

Thus the Alternative:

A - First is Rejection - Vote negative as an endorsement of the rejection of the Affirmative’s political discursive assumptions in order to open up this debate space for radical change.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2004, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle, p. 71-74) BHS

The stance of simply condemning the postmodern Left for its accommodation, however, is
AND
what the Third Way is – or, rather, was – about).

B - The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater that best deconstructs oppressive ideologies – this debate round is uniquely important in creating change.

William Spanos writes ~Professor of English at Binghamton University~, The End of Education: Towards Posthumanism, 1993, p. 196.

In insisting that the theoretical practice of the oppositional intellectuals ought to be a local
AND
the benefit of all "mankind," if not for knowledge’s own sake.

C - And individual rejection is key – the social order is dependent on personal acquiesce, social change is possible with individual refusal.

Theodore Roszak, 1992, History Professor at California State University, The Voice of the Earth, pgs. 316-317, http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0CHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"printsec=frontcoverHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"source=gbs_ge_summary_rHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"cad=0~23v=onepageHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"qHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"f=false, Date accessed: 7/20/2012

The powers that run the urban-industrial world are well advised to see the
AND
, but as a freely created being demanding attention, recognition, respect.

Contention 1 is Exposure:

Bartley, James. March 5^th, 2012. "The Human Species". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

Human beings were created (that is, invented) via genetic experiments that were
AND
you worship authority figures, and so you believe whatever they tell you.

2^nd - Discourse isn’t neutral- the affirmative represents a form of truth that necessitates our dissent. Interrogation of their discursive assumptions is a priori to affirmation or negation of the resolution.

Bleiker, 0 Ph.D. visiting research and teaching affiliations at Harvard, Cambridge, Humboldt, Tampere, Yonsei and Pusan National University as well as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague,(Roland, Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics, Cambridge University Press)

To recognize that language is politics is to acknowledge that form and substance cannot be
AND
. Dissent in global politics is the process that interferes with such objectifications. 

Contention 2 is Truth:

A - The affirmative is stuck in a false conception of truth and knowledge: produced by the ruling class. This only reinforces their domination over humanity. Truth cannot be sought when it is tainted by elite controlled legal systems (US CJS)

Bartley 2, James. March 5^th, 2012. "No, Times Have Not Changed". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

The year is 2012 AD, but we do not live in modern times yet
AND
even more under the grasp of the elite than from where they began. 

B - And, the ruling class uses knowledge production to control humanity to oppress those beneath them.

Bartley 3, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Morality". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

In essence, all of this talk about the mysterious and paranoid-sounding "
AND
has been forgotten and the oppressive elite are impeding true human social progression.

C - And this reintrenchment of elite oppression creates complacency – idleness is the face of oppression.

Bartley 4, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Man’s Greatest Lie". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

That is, society was designed so that no one would ever question the so
AND
no, Earth’s controllers would never willingly tell you the truth about themselves. 

Oppression must be rejected in all instances – it is the root cause of negative impacts by removing sympathy and humanity from actors justifying any action.

Contention 3 is the Revolution:

The K functions in 2 ways:

The kritik functions as a rupture for the way we produce knowledge within Lincoln Douglas
AND
how we exclude other information and the way that people understand the world.  
An exposition of the oppression evident within our society and the way in which the elite of society with their production of knowledge and truth within our society to solidify their control

Thus the Alternative:

A - First is Rejection - Vote negative as an endorsement of the rejection of the Affirmative’s political discursive assumptions in order to open up this debate space for radical change.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2004, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle, p. 71-74) BHS

The stance of simply condemning the postmodern Left for its accommodation, however, is
AND
what the Third Way is – or, rather, was – about).

B - The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater that best deconstructs oppressive ideologies – this debate round is uniquely important in creating change.

William Spanos writes ~Professor of English at Binghamton University~, The End of Education: Towards Posthumanism, 1993, p. 196.

In insisting that the theoretical practice of the oppositional intellectuals ought to be a local
AND
the benefit of all "mankind," if not for knowledge’s own sake.

C - And individual rejection is key – the social order is dependent on personal acquiesce, social change is possible with individual refusal.

Theodore Roszak, 1992, History Professor at California State University, The Voice of the Earth, pgs. 316-317, http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0CHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"printsec=frontcoverHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"source=gbs_ge_summary_rHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"cad=0~23v=onepageHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"qHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"f=false, Date accessed: 7/20/2012

The powers that run the urban-industrial world are well advised to see the
AND
, but as a freely created being demanding attention, recognition, respect.

Tournament: Meadows, Alta, Damus | Round: 4 | Opponent: Loyola MG, Harvard Westlake CC, etc for the lolz | Judge: Tim Alderete, Tom Placido, Ryan Hamilton

Contention 1 is Exposure:

Bartley, James. March 5^th, 2012. "The Human Species". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

Human beings were created (that is, invented) via genetic experiments that were
AND
you worship authority figures, and so you believe whatever they tell you.

2^nd - Discourse isn’t neutral- the affirmative represents a form of truth that necessitates our dissent. Interrogation of their discursive assumptions is a priori to affirmation or negation of the resolution.

Bleiker, 0 Ph.D. visiting research and teaching affiliations at Harvard, Cambridge, Humboldt, Tampere, Yonsei and Pusan National University as well as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague,(Roland, Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics, Cambridge University Press)

To recognize that language is politics is to acknowledge that form and substance cannot be
AND
. Dissent in global politics is the process that interferes with such objectifications. 

Contention 2 is Truth:

A - The affirmative is stuck in a false conception of truth and knowledge: produced by the ruling class. This only reinforces their domination over humanity. Truth cannot be sought when it is tainted by elite controlled legal systems (US CJS)

Bartley 2, James. March 5^th, 2012. "No, Times Have Not Changed". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

The year is 2012 AD, but we do not live in modern times yet
AND
even more under the grasp of the elite than from where they began. 

B - And, the ruling class uses knowledge production to control humanity to oppress those beneath them.

Bartley 3, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Morality". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

In essence, all of this talk about the mysterious and paranoid-sounding "
AND
has been forgotten and the oppressive elite are impeding true human social progression.

C - And this reintrenchment of elite oppression creates complacency – idleness is the face of oppression.

Bartley 4, James. March 5^th, 2012. "Man’s Greatest Lie". Truthism. truthism.com. TP 

That is, society was designed so that no one would ever question the so
AND
no, Earth’s controllers would never willingly tell you the truth about themselves. 

Oppression must be rejected in all instances – it is the root cause of negative impacts by removing sympathy and humanity from actors justifying any action.

Contention 3 is the Revolution:

The K functions in 2 ways:

The kritik functions as a rupture for the way we produce knowledge within Lincoln Douglas
AND
how we exclude other information and the way that people understand the world.  
An exposition of the oppression evident within our society and the way in which the elite of society with their production of knowledge and truth within our society to solidify their control

Thus the Alternative:

A - First is Rejection - Vote negative as an endorsement of the rejection of the Affirmative’s political discursive assumptions in order to open up this debate space for radical change.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2004, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle, p. 71-74) BHS

The stance of simply condemning the postmodern Left for its accommodation, however, is
AND
what the Third Way is – or, rather, was – about).

B - The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater that best deconstructs oppressive ideologies – this debate round is uniquely important in creating change.

William Spanos writes ~Professor of English at Binghamton University~, The End of Education: Towards Posthumanism, 1993, p. 196.

In insisting that the theoretical practice of the oppositional intellectuals ought to be a local
AND
the benefit of all "mankind," if not for knowledge’s own sake.

C - And individual rejection is key – the social order is dependent on personal acquiesce, social change is possible with individual refusal.

Theodore Roszak, 1992, History Professor at California State University, The Voice of the Earth, pgs. 316-317, http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0CHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"printsec=frontcoverHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"source=gbs_ge_summary_rHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"cad=0~23v=onepageHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"qHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"f=false, Date accessed: 7/20/2012

The powers that run the urban-industrial world are well advised to see the
AND
, but as a freely created being demanding attention, recognition, respect.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker KQ | Judge: Alderete

I use a critical race method which has 5 basic features-1. It recognizes the intersections of racism with other forms of subordination, 2. challenges claims that educational institutions make about providing objective, neutral, colorblind pedagogies, 3. a commitment to social justice, 4. The necessity of experiential knowledge or lived experience, and 5. transdisciplinary approach towards oppression.

Solo?rzano and Yosso 02 (DANIEL G. SOLORZANO, Ph.D., is
AND
Research."  Qualitative Inquiry, Volume 8 Number 1, 2002. Sage Publications
The intercentricity of race and racism with other forms of subordination. A criti-
AND
them are framed, and learning to make the arguments to defend themselves.

Building an inclusive educational community for all races including Asian Americans is key to solve racism. This round and the debate community are where the change begins. We need to change our conception of where change is supposed to be started: debate is critical to start change.

Chan, 2k – is dean of the College of Liberal Arts and professor of psychology at Loyola Marymount University (Kenyon , "Rethinking the Asian American Studies Project: Bridging the Divide Between ’Campus’ and ’Community,’" Journal of Asian American Studies 3.1 (2000) 17-36, http://muse.jhu.edu.libproxy.dixie.edu/journals/journal_of_asian_american_studies/v003/3.1chan.html)

Asian American communities must be considered more than geographical territories, spaces, and places
AND
university and their lived experiences to the classroom are also critical community activities.

Contention 3 is Why This Matters

====Presuming that there is only one way to engage with the topic always excludes viewpoints that speak from marginalized subject positions. This topic offers a unique instance in which we can turn our focus inwards away from traditional politics to the structure of our community instead. This isn’t a call to collapse debate but rather to expand its inclusivity.====

Smith ’14 (Elijah, Winner of the NDT and CEDA, "Developing Our Environment: Planting the Seeds for the Activist Model" Victory Briefs. January 30, 2014. http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/developing-our-environment-planting-the-seeds-for-the-activist-model-http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2014/1/developing-our-environment-planting-the-seeds-for-the-activist-model TP)

Despite popular opinion, I think you should be rooted in the topic no matter
AND
better prepared to advocate on behalf of those who cannot advocate for themselves. 

You have an obligation as an educator to help develop the tools to resist oppression.  To deny the opportunity to create the educational tools to fight inequality only aligns yourself with the oppression.

Freire and Macedo  95 (Paulo Freire, PontificiaUniversidadeCatolica Sao Paulo, Brazil. Donaldo P. Macedo, University of Massachusetts, Boston.  "A Dialogue: Culture, Language, and Race."  Harvard Education Review, Number three, fall 95.
Freire: Certainly. I think what constitutes an imposition is to engage with the
AND
the globality of their reality and choose what world they want for themselves.

Tournament: Victory Briefs | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harker SP | Judge: Stephen Babb, Ty Joplin, Jeremy Rosen
The animal represents unbridled and unrestricted excess- the aesthetics of the animal is the transformative experience that cannot be utilized in any form – they live to live: lives focused merely around eating, sleeping, and reproducing, the ultimate epitome of excess.
Yusoff ’10 Kathryn Yusoff, "Biopolitical Economies and the Political Aesthetics of Climate Change," Theory Culture Society 27: 73, 2010, Sage
If our key climate change compatriot is a polar bear, what kind of sensibility
AND
to bring back that going-beyond into the realm of the visible. 

The animal shouldn’t only be prioritized or protected behind the threat of its "extinction" or "endangerment"- these only serve as cooptation’s of the movement behind expenditure- affirmation of animality and the environment must reject these framing claims, rather we must embrace the aesthetics of the animal and, by doing so, create a new ethical and political space that lies outside of utility – means neg claims to assist the environment only reintrench the impacts they attempt to stop
Yusoff ’10 (Kathryn Yusoff, Biopolitical Economies and the Political Aesthetics of Climate Change, Theory Culture Society, 27:73, 2010, sagepub) aln
In Margaret Atwood’s imagining of a technoscientific future, Oryx and Crake (2003),
AND
of new productions and the establishment of new markets’ (2005: 46).

We should never protect the environment in order to protect ourselves from some external impact such as warming – we should rather embrace the excess of the environment by engaging and in an embrace of protecting it
Yusoff ’10 Kathryn Yusoff, "Biopolitical Economies and the Political Aesthetics of Climate Change," Theory Culture Society 27: 73, 2010, Sage
In another realm of playfulness, the in?nite play of the world that is multispecies
AND
for both. It is thus to the archive that I now turn.

The utility based focus of actions such as resource extraction subordinate the self and stockpiles reserves of human energy, the docility of current expenditure forces the subject to be docile – means the aff controls the internal links to any neg util impacts. Thus we must embrace a radical expenditure that is not bound to its own excess but is rather inefficient and useless
Igrek 9 (Apple Zefelius Igrek, Professor in Philosophy at the University of Seattle, Modes of Luxurious Walking, September 2009, muse, aln)
The multi-layered, complex, book-length answer elaborated in Bataille’s Peak
AND
the general finitude, exertion, madness, and jouissance of bodily economies.

Status quo fossil fuel production turns life into a standing reserve – energy is wasted under the sign of efficiency making modern warfare and absolute destruction possible
Stoekl, 7 (Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  "Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability," pg. 55-57) Henge
The answer, I think, is to be found in the nature of the
AND
which the person has been transformed in and through death, have disappeared.

This dependence on scarce resources causes civilization collapse and a return to feudalism
Stoekl, 7 (Allan Stoekl is a Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University.  "Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability," pg. 42) Henge
We can argue, then, that solar energy is indeed always produced, always
AND
-distant future, have to be replaced by real, human slaves.

The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater that best deconstructs oppressive norms or ideologies.

William Spanos writes ~Professor of English at Binghamton University~, The End of Education: Towards Posthumanism, 1993, p. 196. TP

In insisting that the theoretical practice of the oppositional intellectuals ought to be a local
AND
the benefit of all "mankind," if not for knowledge’s own sake.

Thus the Role of the Judge is to evaluate the debate aesthetically; you should be concerned not with the consequences of implementation, but with the creative value presented by the 1AC.
Yusoff ’10 Kathryn Yusoff, "Biopolitical Economies and the Political Aesthetics of Climate Change," Theory Culture Society 27: 73, 2010, Sage
One crucial sphere in the politics of climate change is that of the decisions around
AND
, the politics of which demand that we notice both multiplicity and subtraction.

Normative debate has chosen a profane sacrifice- we read our politics disadvantages, our economic collapse impacts, all in the name of stopping war. This restricted economic concern is founded upon an alignment with war over festival- refuse this curriculum to embrace a sacred composition of glorious expenditure.
Sirc ’95 (Geoffrey Sirc, PhD Composition Theory at the University of Minnesota, Professor in the Department of English at the University of Minnesota, Godless Composition, Tormented Writing, http://jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol15.3/sirc-godless.pdf, JAC Vol. 15 No. 3- 1995) aln
The sacrifice composition has chosen (for there must be sacrifice; there is always
AND
, having to cover so many instances, be but always unwriting itself?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hockaday LU | Judge: Ryan Graham
Their criticism of America is a displacement of their own guilt and anger over weakness; this creates hatred
Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, maître de conférences at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, and collaborator at the Nouvel Observateur, “Tears of the White Man – Compassion as Contempt”, Ch.1 Page 16)
"Western Europe knew... rapacity and violence"

Their self-righteous criticism of our political system affirms atrocities elsewhere
Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, maître de conférences at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, and collaborator at the Nouvel Observateur, “Tears of the White Man – Compassion as Contempt”, Ch.1 Page 21)
"The slightest scuffle... political power legitimated"

Guilt negates ethics; violence away from US legitimated
Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, maître de conférences at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, and collaborator at the Nouvel Observateur, “Tears of the White Man – Compassion as Contempt”, Ch.1 Page 21)
"This political viewpoint... freedom from condemnation"

Self hatred = hate all cultures = extinction
Bruckner 1986 (Pascal, maître de conférences at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, and collaborator at the Nouvel Observateur, “Tears of the White Man – Compassion as Contempt”, Ch.1 Page 21)
"The foregoing teaches... of the world"

Tournament: Victory Briefs | Round: 1 | Opponent: O Po nents | Judge: 

EGYPT PLAN

Questions, comments, etc. are always recommended.  Lemme know if you have any problems with it.

LOLOLOL HI CONNOR.

A FRAMEWORK

The only universalizable ethical actions are utilitarian, and everything ultimately devolves to util.  
Singer
~Peter Singer, Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, Princeton "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14~

The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide~s~ a
AND
the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected.

Regardless, humans are naturally utilitarian – means proving util functionally false is not sufficient to beat back the framework.
Christy Nicholson. 12/03/11. "Killing One Person to Save Five" Scientific American http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=killing-one-person-to-save-five-11-12-03-http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=killing-one-person-to-save-five-11-12-03
Would you kill one person to save five others? Philosophers have posed this moral
AND
through with a Sophie’s Choice, motivated by accomplishing the apparently greater good.

In addition, there are four theoretical justifications for using Utilitarianism:

1. Ground – Utilitarianism is the most fair criterion for the round because nearly every advantage can fall under Util, including those that are Deontological in nature; it allows both debaters in the round equal ground to win under it in the Framework debate.
   2. Predictability – Util is one of the most commonly run Frameworks in LD, and it is the easiest to be able to conform to during the round for the opposite debater, making it the most fair.
   3. Clash – Because nearly every argument can be utilized underneath a Utilitarian calculus, it means that nearly every argument that is made in the round can clash with one another and can be compared under a cost-benefit analysis, which gives us the most possible education from the debate round.
   4. Reciprocity – Either side of the resolution can gain offense underneath Utilitarianism, which means that even if the NEG doesn’t read a Framework they can still win under Util and is the most fair standard to use in the round.

Therefore, the CRITERION for the round is UTILITARIANISM

B INHERENCY

The Egyptian government isn’t prioritizing the environment, and they don’t plan on it anytime soon
Sarah El Masry-http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/author/sarah-el-masry/ / June 5, 2013 http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/05/egypt-the-question-of-the-environment/-http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/05/egypt-the-question-of-the-environment/ Daily News Egypt is a completely independent news provider for Egypt and the wider MENA region. Working with local Arabic sources we provide the English speaking world with an insight into breaking news, in print and online every day of the week. We aim to build our reputation for honest and reliable reporting, to make us a point of reference on Egyptian current affairs for readers all over the world. The newspaper originally launched in 2005. Business News for Press, Publishing and Distribution Company, owner of the daily financial newspaper Alborsa, obtained the rights to Daily News Egypt in May 2012, in order to reinvest in the paper and return it to the pinnacle of English language news publishing in Egypt. We provide news articles on politics-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/politics/, business-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/business/, opinion-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/opinion/, lifestyle-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/lifestyle/, culture -http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/culture/as well as investigative features-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/in-focus/, tourism -http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/touriism/articles and interviews-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/interviews/. Our team of journalists, editors, photographers and designers are all committed to a high standard of impartial journalism.
¶ Is the environment a priority for the current the government?¶ "No,"
AND
public awareness of the project has increased as a result of the campaign.
Therefore the advocacy text: The Arab Republic of Egypt should prioritize environmental protection over resource extraction when the two are in conflict.

C Advantages

First, Industries utilize Natural Resources (Could add how they pollute too, but that would have to be cut out of this article again.  Part of that was done, not all)
http://www.un-documents.net/index.htm-http://www.un-documents.net/index.htm. Our Common Future, Chapter 8: Industry: Producing More With Less UN Documents: Gathering a Body of Global Agreements, a searchable collection of more than five hundred key United Nations documents relating to sustainable development, education, human rights, peace, etc., including the agreements from most of the major global conferences organized by the United Nations and a significant number of important conventions / treaties No Date Given

1. Industry is central to the economies of modern societies and an indispensable motor
   AND
   suggest that few minerals are likely to run out in the near future. 

FRACKING

Companies are currently fracking Egypt and is causing pollution
http://eipr.org/en/pressrelease/2012/09/19/1492-http://eipr.org/en/pressrelease/2012/09/19/1492 The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) is an independent rights organization. It has worked since 2002 on strengthening and protecting basic rights and freedoms in Egypt, through research, advocacy, and litigation in the fields of civil liberties, economic and social justice, democracy and political rights, and criminal justice. Partners are: National Level: 1- Egyptian NGO Network Against AIDS (ENNAA).-http://ennaa.net/index.htm 2- Anna Lindh Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures.-http://www.euromedalex.org/profile 3- Campaigns: 1- Campaign to Defend Freedom of Assembly. 2- Task Force against Sexual Violence. 3- Campaign in Support of a Law on Domestic Violence. Regional Level: 4- Regional / Arab Network Against AIDS (RANAA).-http://www.ranaa.net/ International Level: 5- The Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR). 6- Coalition for an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (CEAC).-http://www.africancourtcoalition.org/ 7- Human Rights Council Network (HRC Net). 8- International Network for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR-Net)-http://www.escr-net.org/ 9- Sexual Rights Initiative.Wednesday 19 September 2012
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights calls on the Egyptian government to place an immediate
AND
in the decision-making process, and without benefiting from the resources."

The Village of Fares, a village of 25,000 residents, in northern Egypt was flooded and the residents property destroyed – depicts the impacts on local populations near fracking sites
Steven is an Egyptian/Australian who has been living in and out of Egypt for the past 16 years. He graduated from University College London with a Master of Science in Physics in 2007. Since then, he has worked as a writer and editor in various disciplines, including science journals, cultural magazines, and creative advertising. Viney 29/01/2013

http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/fracking-responsible-flooding-upper-egyptian-village-http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/fracking-responsible-flooding-upper-egyptian-village   Egypt Independent is the sister English-language publication of Al-Masry Al-Youm daily, the country’s flagship independent paper. Born in 2009 as a news website, Egypt Independent has been providing Egypt and the world with high-quality, in-depth content about the political, economic, social and cultural landscape of the country. In 2011, Egypt’s year of revolutionary change, Egypt Independent launched a weekly print edition that serves as an insightful digest of the country’s dynamic times.
The village of Fares, located about 75km north of the city of Aswan near
AND
we have nowhere to safely live and no land to farm to survive."

AIR POLLUTION

Big Industry is the main cause of air pollution in egypt
Rana Khaled Sun, 21/04/2013 - 10:24
http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/air-pollution-indoors-and-outdoors-high-threaten-health-and-environment-http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/air-pollution-indoors-and-outdoors-high-threaten-health-and-environment Egypt Independent is the sister English-language publication of Al-Masry Al-Youm daily, the country’s flagship independent paper. Born in 2009 as a news website, Egypt Independent has been providing Egypt and the world with high-quality, in-depth content about the political, economic, social and cultural landscape of the country. In 2011, Egypt’s year of revolutionary change, Egypt Independent launched a weekly print edition that serves as an insightful digest of the country’s dynamic times.

Air pollution indoors and outdoors high, threaten health and environment¶ The average Cairene
AND
country’s gross domestic product was worth just under 24230 billion in 2011.¶ 

Air pollution in Egypt is 100 times worse than New York City, and diseases stemming from air pollution have been going up – 25,000 people die annually in Cairo alone due to air pollution related diseases
January 25, 2013-http://www.greenprophet.com/2013/01/cairo-asthma-pollution/ by Joseph Mayton-http://www.greenprophet.com/author/joseph/
http://www.greenprophet.com/about/-http://www.greenprophet.com/about/  - -Proves legitimacy.  Stories are quoted by TIME magazine, NY Times, others. Egypt’s Only Daily Independent Newspaper In English  http://www.greenprophet.com/2013/01/cairo-asthma-pollution/-http://www.greenprophet.com/2013/01/cairo-asthma-pollution/
Returning to the city I have lived for more than a decade this January,
AND
children next time walking the streets of Cairo and the lungs tighten up.

WATER POLLUTION

Egypt’s Waterways are severely polluted due to industries
http://www.omfi.hu/cejoem/Volume8/Vol8No1/CE02_1-01.html-http://www.omfi.hu/cejoem/Volume8/Vol8No1/CE02_1-01.html
Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy1 and Raouf O. Aly² ¶ ¹ Water Research and Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt ² Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt 19 June 2002 Corresponding author: Prof. Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy Water Research and Pollution Control Department National Research Center Tahreer Street Dokki, Cairo, Egypt CEJOEM 2002, Vol.8. No.1.:3–21

Although industrialization is considered the cornerstone of the development strategies due to its significant contribution
AND
, cleaner production is the unique answer for the industrial pollution in Egypt.¶ 

Pollution in the Nile kills 17,000 children in a year
http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/10/nile-water-kills-17000/-http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/10/nile-water-kills-17000/
http://www.greenprophet.com/about/-http://www.greenprophet.com/about/  - -Proves legitimacy.  Stories are quoted by TIME magazine, NY Times, others.
Tafline Laylin October 11, 2010,
One of the most popular tourist activities in Egypt is to travel along
AND
their financial interests than their citizenry, we’ll take what we can get.¶ 

D SOLVENCY

Enforcing Environmental Regulations in Egypt can solve – Currently 60-70 of regulations are unenforced, and enforcing them is the first step to reforming the system
Sarah El Masry-http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/author/sarah-el-masry/ / June 5, 2013 http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/05/egypt-the-question-of-the-environment/-http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/05/egypt-the-question-of-the-environment/ Daily News Egypt is a completely independent news provider for Egypt and the wider MENA region. Working with local Arabic sources we provide the English speaking world with an insight into breaking news, in print and online every day of the week. We aim to build our reputation for honest and reliable reporting, to make us a point of reference on Egyptian current affairs for readers all over the world. The newspaper originally launched in 2005. Business News for Press, Publishing and Distribution Company, owner of the daily financial newspaper Alborsa, obtained the rights to Daily News Egypt in May 2012, in order to reinvest in the paper and return it to the pinnacle of English language news publishing in Egypt. We provide news articles on politics-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/politics/, business-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/business/, opinion-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/opinion/, lifestyle-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/lifestyle/, culture -http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/culture/as well as investigative features-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/in-focus/, tourism -http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/touriism/articles and interviews-http://dailynewsegypt.com/category/interviews/. Our team of journalists, editors, photographers and designers are all committed to a high standard of impartial journalism.

Since 5 June 1973, the world has been commemorating efforts exerted to raise awareness
AND
government that does not listen to anything but its own voice is futile."¶

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brentwood MR | Judge: Aaron Timmons

Compassion is the basis of all morality.

Schopenhauer writes :

But if what I do is to take place solely on account of some one
AND
the transcendental explanation can be given merely as a voluntary and unessential appendix.

Compassion is a prerequisite to any ethical claims

Robert Wicks, clinical psychologist, leading writer in psychology, graduated with bachelors at Fairfield University, 2011, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schopenhauer/~~235.2-http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schopenhauer/
As many medieval Christians once assumed, Schopenhauer believed that we should minimize our fleshly
AND
, tragicomic, multi-aspected and distinctively sublime consciousness of humanity itself.

And, we must always interrupt the political with the ethical.  Exposition to the suffering of the other is necessary for all ethical evaluations.

Jordaan writes :

For Levinas, it is imperative that the political be forever interrupted by the ethical
AND
altery and the ethical command that issues from the fact of his otherness.

Attorney client privilege is valued above truth seeking in military courts now – Uniform Code of Military Justice Amendment VI proves

Mason, Chuck. August 12, 2013. "Military Justice: Courts-Martial, an Overview" Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41739.pdf

Assistance of Effective Counsel "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the
AND
§827. The attorney-client privilege is honored. MRE 502.

Thus the Plan Text: The United States Military Court System should implement an evidence-first truth seeking policy over attorney-client privilege in the United States Criminal Justice System.

First is the sad truth: Sexual Violence is an epidemic in the US military – and it is only getting worse

Olson, Scott. May 07, 2013. "Pentagon releases terrifying statistics of sexual assaults in the military". Russia Today. http://rt.com/usa/hagel-http://rt.com/usa/hagel-military-pentagon-sexual-964/

The Pentagon admitted this week upon the completion of a soon-to-be
AND
our game but exponentially go after it," Obama said during a Tuesday presser

And, the criminal justice system in the military allows attorney client privilege to exclude hardcore evidence in trials

DiBattiste, Carol. 1988. "Rape and Sexual Harrassment Shields under Maine and Federal Law" Maine Law Review 

A rule may also exclude evidence based on attorney client privilege, which exists to
AND
violating the defendant’s constitutional rights to compulsory process and confrontation of witnesses. 115

Attorney Client privilege protects rapists in the military – attorneys use laws created to protect victims to destroy the prosecution

Washington Post. September 6 2013. "The Military must better serve victims of sexual assault".  http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/conference/WashPost_TheMilitarymustbetterservevictims.pdf

Defendants have the constitutional right to confront their accusers; their attorneys are obligated to
AND
humiliated and emotionally pushed into corners that destroy the validity of their confession.

The United States Criminal Justice System ought to prioritize truth seeking above attorney client privilege

Thane Rosenbaum, Law Professor Fordham University 26 Novelist, 2004, The Myth of Moral Justice: Why Our Legal System Fails to Do What’s Right, p. 87-8

With this essentially immoral, albeit perfectly legal arrangement, we have surrounded ourselves with
AND
very nature, and in all the delicate nuances, of truth itself. 

An evidence first policy would solve for guilty criminals getting off free

Carrie Menkel-Meadow (Professor of Law, Georgetown and UCLA Law Schools and CoDirector, UCLA Center for Conflict Resolution), "The Trouble with the Adversary System in a Postmodern, Multicultural World," William and Mary Law Review, Volume 38, Issue I, 1996

For those who think that it is not the structure of the adversary system,
AND
be in a postmodern world-and not the performance drives the result?

And this would create a deterrence effect because:

A – Criminals would fear punishment
B- Increased prosecution coupled with this policy would send a clear message through the military that sexual violence is not okay stopping potential criminals
C – Victims would rise up and stand up for their sexual rights and stop criminals before the sexual violence has occurred

Sexual violence creates deep suffering in victims – dehumanizes at the deepest level

Benatar writes :

The first of these is the view that for sex to be morally acceptable,
AND
deepest aspects of the person whose body is used for the rapist’s gratification.

Sexual violence causes post-traumatic stress disorder – an unending suffering

"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder," Rape and Incest National Network. http://rainn.org/effects-of-sexual-assault/post-traumatic-stress-disorder

After a traumatic event, it is typical to have feelings of anxiety, stress
AND
to make it difficult for victims of PTSD to complete normal daily tasks.

Conviction of attackers key to closure for victims – takes a step at ending their suffering from fear of attacker being out there

Huffington Post. "California Rape Loophole Closed".  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/10/california-rape-loophole_n_3902734.html
A California man’s rape conviction was overturned by an appellate court-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/04/julio-morales-rape-conviction-overturned-1872-law_n_2410310.html in January because of
AND
laws. This is a step in the right direction at assisting victims. 

This debate round is uniquely important in creating change – Vote aff to endorse this change.

William Spanos writes ~Professor of English at Binghamton University~, The End of Education: Towards Posthumanism, 1993, p. 196.

In insisting that the theoretical practice of the oppositional intellectuals ought to be a local
AND
the benefit of all "mankind," if not for knowledge’s own sake.

And individual movement is key – the social order is dependent on personal acquiesce, social change is possible with individual refusal.

Theodore Roszak, 1992, History Professor at California State University, The Voice of the Earth, pgs. 316-317, http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0CHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"printsec=frontcoverHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"source=gbs_ge_summary_rHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"cad=0~23v=onepageHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"qHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"26HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0Candprintsec=frontcoverandsource=gbs_ge_summary_randcad=0"f=false-http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJDKL5Qjn0C26printsec=frontcover26source=gbs_ge_summary_r26cad=0, Date accessed: 7/20/2012

The powers that run the urban-industrial world are well advised to see the
AND
, but as a freely created being demanding attention, recognition, respect.

Tournament: Speech Arts | Round: 3 | Opponent: Murray BE | Judge:
There's a lot of analytics I wrote as well, but these are the cards.

Attorney client privilege doesn’t not exist entirely; attorneys are bound to disclosure in the adversarial system

TEODORO R. Regala, September 20, 1996, The Common Law Crime-Fraud Exception to Confidentiality, H.C. Underhill, A Treatise on the Law of Criminal Case Evidence, Vol. 2, Fifth Ed. (1956), Sec. 332, pp. 836-837; Emphasis mine. http://www.evergreenethics.com/ComLawCFE.html

There are many other cases to the same effect, for the rule is prostitution
AND
deprives the information of a professional character as full confidence has been withheld. 

Over 80,000 emails of defendant’s are being searched, this violates the “Attorney-Client Privilege” This is clear evidence that ACP doesn’t exist at full

Jessie Rossman, 07/18/2013, http://www.privacysos.org/node/1123, protecting the attorney-client relationship in the digital age

Although the media is largely focused on the NSA’s surveillance programs right now, lesser
AND
, and make defendants hesitate before communicating fully and truthfully with their lawyers.

We can never go back to an age with complete privacy; governments that claim to do so are simply making surveillance more hidden. Attorney-client privileges encourage privacy is counter-productive to transparency; the only option is to encourage accountability through complete transparency. 

Brin, David. Doctor of Philosophy in space science, 2010 fellow at the Institute of Ethics. 1998. The Transparent Society. “Chapter One: The Challenge of an Open Society.” http://www.davidbrin.com/transparentsociety1.html

The issue of threatened privacy has spawned a flood of books, articles and media
AND
. And has rights equal to those of any billionaire or chief of police

Attorney-client privileges are an attempt to maintain privacy. 

Michmerhuizen, Sue., ETHICSearch Research Counsel for the ABA’s Center for Professional Responsibility, May 2007, Confidentiality Privilege: A Basic Value in Two Different Applications, Center for Professional Responsibility, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/professional_responsibility/confidentiality_or_attorney.authcheckdam.pdf)

By contrast, the ethical duty of client-lawyer confidentiality is quite extensive in
AND
by some few others, it loses the protection of ¶ lawyer confidentiality.
People have been calling for individuals to retain absolute privacy, merely cover up the inevitability of surveillance. 

Brin, David. Doctor of Philosophy in space science, 2010 fellow at the Institute of Ethics. 1998. The Transparent Society. “Chapter One: The Challenge of an Open Society.” http://www.davidbrin.com/transparentsociety1.html

Recent years have witnessed widespread calls to "empower" citizens and corporations with tools
AND
police agencies, and a technologically skilled elite will always have an advantage.

Transparency solves for in equality in terms of human hierarchy including class, status, power, wealth and geography

Brooke, Heather (Campaigning Journalist and Writer for The Guardian) Nov  2010 WikiLeaks: the revolution has begun – and it will be digitized. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/nov/29/the-revolution-will-be-digitised Date Accessed: 7/17/13

But data has a habit of spreading. It slips past military security and it
AND
our leaders responded to the current challenge with an eye on the future.

Transparency solves-only by instilling the need for openness can we adequately be aware of what’s going on to adequately criticize the government and make them accountable

Brin, David. Doctor of Philosophy in space science, 2010 fellow at the Institute of Ethics. 1998. The Transparent Society. “Chapter One: The Challenge of an Open Society.” http://www.davidbrin.com/transparentsociety1.html

What distinguishes society today is not only the pace of events but also the nature
AND
who worry about release of personal information contained in those very same records.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AK | Judge: Eric Emerson
Morality based on consequences
Conrad Johnson. August 1985. “The Authority of the Moral Agent”. Journal of Philosophy 82, No. 8. pp. 391
"If we follow... take into account"

Policy Making = util
William Shaw. December 2000. “Contemporary Ethics: Taking Account of Utilitarianism”. The Journal of Value Inquiry. http://link.springer.com/article/10.10232FA3A1004733620565
"A utilitarian approach...and that concern"

Humans naturally util
Christy Nicholson. 12/03/11. “Killing One Person to Save Five” Scientific American http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=killing-one-person-to-save-five-11-12-03
"Would you kill... apparently greater good"

No act-omission distinction
James Rachels. 2001. “Killing and Letting Die”. Encyclopedia of Ethics. Vol. 2. pp. 947-50. http://www.jamesrachels.org/killing.pdf
"So what is... body very rapidly"

Non voters liberal
Annabelle Lever, Feb. 2009, “Is Compulsory Voting Justified?”, Forthcoming in Public Reason, Political philosopher, doctoral thesis at MIT, Associate professor of Normative political theory in the university of Geneva Switzerland, http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/seminars/political-theory-downloads/Public_Reason__full_refs_.pdf
"So, it looks... or public policies"

Non voters liberal
Pew Research. 11/01/12. “Nonvoters: Who They Are, What They Think”. Center for the People and the Press. http://www.people-press.org/2012/11/01/nonvoters-who-they-are-what-they-think/
"Nonvoters are numerous... to solve problems"

CV = politician focus on whole
Eric Liu. 08/21/12. “Should Voting Be Mandatory?” Time.http://ideas.time.com/2012/08/21/should-voting-be-mandatory/
"Mandatory voting would... they'd fight for"

CIR not passing now
Aguilar, Julian. September 16, 2013. “Border Democrats See Immigration Reform Window Closing”. Huffington Post.   http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/17/border-democrats-see-immi_n_3943253.html?utm_hp_ref=latino-voices
"Congressional border Democrats... later, he added"

CIR is liberal
Mason, Jeff. September 17, 2013 “Obama: Willing to work with house on immigration reform”. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/17/us-usa-immigration-obama-idUSBRE98G1CF20130917
"Obama urged Boehner...fearing they could"

CIR key tech workers
Reuters 13 “Immigration Reform To Provide Net Benefit To U.S. Economy: Experts,” 1/29/2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/29/immigration-reform-economic-boost_n_2571414.html?utm_hp_ref=business
"The sluggish US... about 2 percent"

Tech workers stop cyber war
McLarty ‘9 Thomas F. McLarty III, President Of McLarty Associates, Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, question asked by Frank Finelli, the Carlyle Group, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force,” Council on Foreign Relations, 7/8/2009, http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy-report-cfr-sponsored-independent-task-force/p19759
"We have seen... our security needs"

Cyber war = nuke war
Lawson 9 (Sean - assistant professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)
"at a time... or greater seriousness"

Decreased voting = economic inequality
Frederick, Solt. 03/28/06. Department of Political Science at Southern Illinois University. “Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement” http://www.unc.edu/~fredsolt/papers/Solt2006a.pdf
"The third column...of non-affluent citizens"

CV solves econ inequality
Alberto Chong. May 2005. Inter-American Development Bank. George Mason University. “On Compulsory Voting and Income in a Cross-Section of Countries.” http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-533.pdf
"This analysis is... achieving lower inequality"

Econ inequality kills

Kristen Lewis. 7/26/11. “Poverty Kills. Better Policy, Not Better Medicine, Is the Solution”. Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristen-lewis/poverty-kills-better-poli_b_908795.html
"For years, poverty... is the solution"

CV not coercive
Ariel Bogle. Sept 6 2013. She is a program associate for the Future Tense initiative, a partnership between the online newsmagazine Slate, the New America Foundation, and Arizona State University that looks at the social and policy implications of emerging technologies. http://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/2013/09/06/see-you-at-the-polls-or-else/ideas/nexus/
"Yes, there are... in its function"

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hockaday LU | Judge: Ryan Graham
Morality based on consequences
Conrad Johnson. August 1985. “The Authority of the Moral Agent”. Journal of Philosophy 82, No. 8. pp. 391
"If we follow... take into account"

Policy making requires util
William Shaw. December 2000. “Contemporary Ethics: Taking Account of Utilitarianism”. The Journal of Value Inquiry. http://link.springer.com/article/10.10232FA3A1004733620565
"A utilitarian approach... and that concern"

Humans naturally util
Christy Nicholson. 12/03/11. “Killing One Person to Save Five” Scientific American http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=killing-one-person-to-save-five-11-12-03
"Would you kill... apparently greater good"

No act-omission distinction
James Rachels. 2001. “Killing and Letting Die”. Encyclopedia of Ethics. Vol. 2. pp. 947-50. http://www.jamesrachels.org/killing.pdf
"So what is... body very rapidly"

Decreased voting = econ inequality
Frederick, Solt. 03/28/06. Department of Political Science at Southern Illinois University. “Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement” http://www.unc.edu/~fredsolt/papers/Solt2006a.pdf
"The third column... of non-affluent citizens"

CV decreases econ inequality
Alberto Chong. May 2005. Inter-American Development Bank. George Mason University. “On Compulsory Voting and Income in a Cross-Section of Countries.” http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-533.pdf
"This analysis is... achieving lower inequality"

CV lowers socioeconomic gap, increase access to disadvantaged
Simon Jackman Professor of Political Science, Stanford University (from, Compulsory Voting, 2004)

Empirics prove
Alberto Chong. May 2005. Inter-American Development Bank. George Mason University. “On Compulsory Voting and Income in a Cross-Section of Countries.” http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-533.pdf
"This finding implies... voter representation increases"

Econ inequality kills over 100,000 per year - only new policy can solve
Kristen Lewis. 7/26/11. “Poverty Kills. Better Policy, Not Better Medicine, Is the Solution”. Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristen-lewis/poverty-kills-better-poli_b_908795.html
"For years, poverty... is the solution"

CV improves democracy
Sarah Birch, Reader in Politics-University of Essex, 2009, "The case for compulsory voting," Public Policy Research, March-May, p. 23
"An election can... full democratic legitimacy"

CV strengthens democracy - reintrench political responsibility
Harvard Law Review, 2007, "The Case for Compulsory Voting in the United States," 121 Harv. L. Rev. 591, p. 596-7
"In addition to... communicating those positions"

CV improves democracy, qualitatively and quantitatively
Dean Machin, University of Warwick, 2011, "Compulsory Turnout: A Compelling (and Contingent) Case," Politics, Vol. 31 (2), p. 103
"Compulsion may cause... a polity's voters"

Democracy prevents war
Rieffer-Flanagan 10 (Barbara Ann J. Rieffer-Flanagan, assistant professor of political science at Central Washington University, “Democratic peace in theory and practice,” edited by Steven W. Hook, p. 264)
"There are other... relations between states"

Democracy = peace, stability, modernity, freedom
USAID. July 25 2013. “Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Strategy”. United States Aid from the American People. http://www.usaid.gov/democracy-human-rights-and-governance-strategy
"As the Arab... most cherished values"

Need beliefs to justify beliefs - democracy = decide on past
Peter Murphy. October 15, 2006. "Coherentism in Epistemology" Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://www.iep.utm.edu/coherent/
"The next coherentist... belief is justified"