Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Walt Whitman YC | Judge: Clay Spence
~NEGATIVE~
Resolved: In a democracy, voting ought to be compulsory.

A)is the Link.

Compulsory voting is a tool for the rich, empowered, elite incumbents to stay in power for decades while the people are silently and unknowingly coerced into feeding the fire at the cost of their sovereignty.  Doctor Tad explains: 

~Tad Tietze, co-editor of ’On Utøya: Anders Breivik, Right Terror, Racism and Europe.’ He blogs at Left Flank and tweets as @Dr_Tad. Lives in Australia and campaigns for the Green Party. "Compulsory voting: More to do with legitimating state rule than democracy." Left Flank. January 23rd, 2011.~

Despite claims that CV~Compulsory Voting~ strengthens working class participation in politics, it actually helps impose~s~an extremely narrowand atomisedform of politicson them. Fewon the Left would demand that people be compelled ~compulsion~ by the state to go to protests, take strike action or riot, yet all those are situationswhere the political self-activity of the participants ismuch more meaningful than bourgeois elections.
That is why we shouldn’t be surprised that compulsory voting~CV~ in Australia
AND
when the unions were able to mobilise workers for Labor much more efficiently.
However, the four federal elections prior to 1922 had an average turnout of 74 percent and it was not until that year’s poll saw turnout drop to 59 percent (in a period of heightened class struggleand disillusionment with official politics) that the issue became prominent again. It was a Nationalist Senator’s private members bill that was rushed through parliament with no opposition or public debate:
The deed was quickly done, and the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1924slipped into the statute books "like a thief in the night", causing a later historian to comment that this has been seen as "a victory for machine-managers across the party system, happy to avoid any possible odium in the matter".
It was in this sense that ALP politicians came to embrace CV~compulsory voting
AND
by a low turnout, high informal vote and significant non-enrolment.

This is a textbook incarnation of Lukes’ 3^rd Dimension of power – the epitome of coercive government authority over the masses.  Steven Lukes writes:

~Steven Lukes (political and social theorist. Currently he is a professor of politics and sociology at New York University. He was formerly a professor at the University of Siena, the European University Institute (Florence) and the London School of Economics.) "Power: A Radical Discussion. 2nd Edition."British Sociological Association.Released  December 23, 2004. Accessed 9/13/13. Url: http://mavdisk.mnsu.edu/parsnk/Linked20Readings/Citizens20and20Power/lukes14-39.pdf.~~

There is no doubt that the two-dimensional view of power represents a major advance over the one-dimensional view: it incorporated into the analysis of power relations the question of the control over the agenda of politics and of the ways in which potential are kept out of the political process. None the less, it is, in my view, inadequate on three counts.
In the first place, its critique of behaviourism is too qualified, or,
AND
it as involving a ’possible conflict of values’ (p. 37).
The second reason why the insistence on actual and observable conflict will not do is
AND
of power is to prevent such conflict from arising in the first place.
The third count on which the two-dimensional view of power is inadequate is
AND
to rule out the possibility of false or manipulated consensus by definitional fiat.
In summary, the three-dimensional view of power involves a thoroughgoing critique of
AND
distinctive features of the three views of power presented above are summarized below.

B)is the Implication.

Government coercion of the third dimension drains human dignity, leaving a hollow shell of an ignorant citizenship.Machanwrites:

~TiborMachan, Professor of Philosophy, Auburn University, 1995, PRIVATE RIGHTS AND PUBLIC ILLUSIONS, p. 68-9~

All governmental action that does not serve to repel or retaliate against coercion is antithetical
AND
it might be to use its coercive powers to attain some worthy goal.

It is this lack of human dignity, the absence of a system with true checks on the powers that be, that ensures foreign bodies become superfluous.  While "voters" are left as proxy citizens, hollow and unbeknownst of how worthless they are to the political elite, it is the body of the non-democratic citizen who bleeds.  This worthlessness precludes any utilitarian principle or even ends-based ontology.Hayden explains:

~Patrick Hayden, School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews, February 2010, HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW Volume 11, Number 4, 451-467, February 2010, DOI: 10.1007/s12142-010-0157-8, The Relevance of Hannah Arendt’s Reflections on Evil: Globalization and Rightlessness. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/1524-8879/?MUD=MP~~

Arendt was drawn to formulate the notion of human superfluousness by the "chain of
AND
destroysreality, "the fact of existence itself" (2004, 571)

C)is the Alternative.

Reject the resolution’s question of compulsion and its underlying virus of coercion.  Only through rejecting tools of power for the elite can we ever open up space to create solutions – this co-opts their offence and solves for all harms affiliated with social order and biopolitical control.  Butler concludes:  

~Shaffer Butler, Professor of Law at Southwestern University School of Law and author of Calculated Chaos: "When Will They Figure It Out?", 1/11/11, http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer227.html~~

The men and women who not only profit from the political racket, but whose
AND
and women requires a secession of our minds from the chains of violence.

AND, raising awareness of real political coercion functions as a pre-fiat reason to negate.  By discussing topical issues in the context of how they can affect us as human beings and citizens after debate, we all mutually benefit in a way that comes before theory or substance.  Mitchell: 

~Gordon Mitchell 1998 (University of Pittsburgh professor of Communications and debate coach) "Pedagogical possibilities for argumentative agency in academic debate" Argumentation 26 Advocacy; Fall98, Vol. 35 Issue 2, pg. Ebsco~

Academics can no longer retreat into their careers, classrooms, or symposiums as if
AND
to support particular projects of political intervention into fields of social action.?

Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Law Magnet DD | Judge: Eli Hymson
I negate and value Morality.

Human worth is the source of all value.  This precludes any normative interpretation of morality.  Korsgaard: 

~Christine Korsgaard, (Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University). "The Sources of Normativity." 1996~

This is just a fancy new model of an argument that first appeared in a
AND
realism, he decided that the goodness was not in the objects themselves.
Were it not for our desires and inclinations, we would not find their objects
AND
source of all reasons and values must be valued for its own sake.

Further, human dignity is paramount to an evaluation of morality.  Every coherent theory accepts that rights must exist for the discussion to be worth talking about – Kateb:

~George Kateb, Professor of Politics, Princeton, THE INNER OCEAN, 1992, p. 9~

In sum, there seems to be no generally credible foundation for a critique of
AND
even as an indispensable ingredient in their own thinking about politics and society.

Thus the criterion is minimizing violations of human dignity.  The topic doesn’t specify a country meaning that all human beings must be considered equally in topical moral considerations – two additional warrants:
Equality is an intrinsic requisite in all moral theories which means it’s contradictory to distinguish between domestic and foreign bodies in questions of "ought."
Even if we parametricise to one democratic country, it’s morally fallacious to prioritize the agency of citizens over non-citizens because there is no intrinsic moral difference between Americans as humans and non-Americans as humans.
I contend that compulsory voting is a facet of Luke’s 3rd dimension of power.

Compulsory voting is a tool for the rich, empowered, elite incumbents to stay in power for decades while the people are silently and unknowingly coerced into feeding the fire at the cost of their sovereignty.  Doctor Tad explains: 

~Tad Tietze, co-editor of ’On Utøya: Anders Breivik, Right Terror, Racism and Europe.’ He blogs at Left Flank and tweets as @Dr_Tad. Lives in Australia and campaigns for the Green Party. "Compulsory voting: More to do with legitimating state rule than democracy." Left Flank. January 23rd, 2011.~

Despite claims that CV ~Compulsory Voting~ strengthens working class participation in politics, it actually helps impose~s~an extremely narrow and atomised form of politics on them. Few on the Left would demand that people be compelled ~compulsion~ by the state to go to protests, take strike action or riot, yet all those are situations where the political self-activity of the participants is much more meaningful than bourgeois elections.
That is why we shouldn’t be surprised that compulsory voting ~CV~ in Australia
AND
when the unions were able to mobilise workers for Labor much more efficiently.
However, the four federal elections prior to 1922 had an average turnout of 74 percent and it was not until that year’s poll saw turnout drop to 59 percent (in a period of heightened class struggle and disillusionment with official politics) that the issue became prominent again. It was a Nationalist Senator’s private members bill that was rushed through parliament with no opposition or public debate:
The deed was quickly done, and the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1924 slipped into the statute books "like a thief in the night", causing a later historian to comment that this has been seen as "a victory for machine-managers across the party system, happy to avoid any possible odium in the matter".
It was in this sense that ALP politicians came to embrace CV ~compulsory voting
AND
by a low turnout, high informal vote and significant non-enrolment.

This is a textbook incarnation of Lukes’ 3^rd Dimension of power – the epitome of coercive government authority over the masses, so pervasive that most don’t even know it’s there.  Steven Lukes writes:

~Steven Lukes (political and social theorist. Currently he is a professor of politics and sociology at New York University. He was formerly a professor at the University of Siena, the European University Institute (Florence) and the London School of Economics.) "Power: A Radical Discussion. 2nd Edition."British Sociological Association.Released  December 23, 2004. Accessed 9/13/13. Url: http://mavdisk.mnsu.edu/parsnk/Linked20Readings/Citizens20and20Power/lukes14-39.pdf.~~

There is no doubt that the two-dimensional view of power represents a major advance over the one-dimensional view: it incorporated into the analysis of power relations the question of the control over the agenda of politics and of the ways in which potential are kept out of the political process. None the less, it is, in my view, inadequate on three counts.
In the first place, its critique of behaviourism is too qualified, or,
AND
it as involving a ’possible conflict of values’ (p. 37).
The second reason why the insistence on actual and observable conflict will not do is
AND
of power is to prevent such conflict from arising in the first place.
The third count on which the two-dimensional view of power is inadequate is
AND
to rule out the possibility of false or manipulated consensus by definitional fiat.
In summary, the three-dimensional view of power involves a thoroughgoing critique of
AND
distinctive features of the three views of power presented above are summarized below.

Government coercion of the third dimension drains human dignity, leaving a hollow shell of an ignorant citizenship. Machan writes:

~TiborMachan, Professor of Philosophy, Auburn University, 1995, PRIVATE RIGHTS AND PUBLIC ILLUSIONS, p. 68-9~

All governmental action that does not serve to repel or retaliate against coercion is antithetical
AND
it might be to use its coercive powers to attain some worthy goal.

It is this lack of human dignity, the absence of a system with true checks on the powers that be, that ensures foreign bodies become superfluous.  While "voters" are left as proxy citizens, hollow and unbeknownst of how worthless they are to the political elite, it is the body of the non-democratic citizen who bleeds.  This worthlessness precludes any utilitarian principle or even ends-based ontology.  Hayden explains:

~Patrick Hayden, School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews, February 2010, HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW Volume 11, Number 4, 451-467, February 2010, DOI: 10.1007/s12142-010-0157-8, The Relevance of Hannah Arendt’s Reflections on Evil: Globalization and Rightlessness. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/1524-8879/?MUD=MP~~

Arendt was drawn to formulate the notion of human superfluousness by the "chain of
AND
reality, "the fact of existence itself" (2004, 571)

The impacts to this are twofold:

First, the superfluidity of humans equates to the ultimate violation of human dignity.  This means that if I win the standards debate, you immediately negate to reject the coercion, but even if we look to an alternate calculus, I control the internal link to deontological or teleological standards with the Hayden evidence.  Either way, the NC precludes any Aff offence.

Second, the Tad evidence functions as a case turn on the AC offence because it shows how the supposed system of compulsion dichotomizes politics like a consumer product and makes it nearly impossible to actually effect the social change they want in the Aff world.

Tournament: NSD | Round: 6 | Opponent: some | Judge: some
Resolved: Justice requires reparations to black Americans

The term “justice” is commonly defined as “based on or behaving according to what is morally right and fair.”  So to understand our conceptions of what is morally right, we must evaluate the things that create values.  Albert Camus contends that our existential values are absurd, and come from acts of individual rebellion. Camus 1 defines this rebellion:

Albert Camus, The Rebel, 1951, Part 1: “The Rebel” (all other Camus cards from here too)

What is a rebel is? A man who says no, but whose
AND
of right not to be oppressed beyond the limit that he can tolerate.”

Thus, freedom is the core objective of any construction of rights and justice.  This means that in order to value anything, we must take up the act of rebellion to define these criteria, meaning that freedom is even more important than living. Camus 2 elaborates:

Values, according to good authorities, "most often represent a transition from facts
AND
even the man who insults and oppresses him—have a natural community.

Thus, the value for the round is Absurdist Freedom.

The absurd conception of freedom states that no one can act in such a way that they violate the tenets necessary for freedom by rebellion.  This takes a universalizable position, meaning that these rights apply to all humans by merit of their existence.  Camus 3 writes:

We have already noted the confused values that are called into play by incipient rebellion
AND
first value on the whole human race. I rebel—therefore we exist 

Thus, because the only way to have this Absurdist Freedom is by our rebellion, the value criterion is rejecting oppressors. This is the only possible mechanism that can give life meaning, because without self-mastery and rebellion, one is not truly living in the first place. 

I contend that reparations prevent the black Americans to reject their oppressors. Reparations demand legitimizing the oppressors while simultaneously maintaining racist policies. Justice in reparations is strongarmed into existence despite a fundamental lack of change. 

Curry 12
AND
as a political theory, Africana Philosophy, and Anti-Colonialist thought.

While atonement theory provides a possible avenue for the interpreting of race relations, it
AND
the tyrannies that birthed their opposition towards the government in the first place. 

And Curry 2
Under Brooks' atonement model, the demand for Blacks to attempt reconciliation is founded upon
AND
to relinquish their anger towards a government that has "paid them off." 

Thus, forcing an oppressed group to legitimize their oppressor’s regime is the most pressing
AND
progress in the AC world because all the structural problems are simply masked. 

Finally, black empowerment through rebellion link turns all AC offense because black Americans can only achieve the benefits of reparation without it being handed to them, per their agency. Handing out reparations denies their freedom and ability to strive.

Du Bois W.E.B. The Training of Negroes for Social Power 

The responsibility for their own social regeneration ought to be placed largely upon the shoulders
AND
legitimate child of that lack of self-respect which caste systems engender.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kaitlin Coltin | Judge: Fritz Pielstick
A is the Link
Attorney Client Privilege ~ACP~ is necessary to provide the accused the best defense possible
Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., An Historical Perspective on the Attorney-Client Privilege, 66 Cal. L. Rev. 1061 (1978).
Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol66/iss5/5

The history of this privilege goes back to the reign of Elizabeth, where the privilege already appears as unquestioned ....  The policy of the privilege has been plainly grounded, since the latter part of the 1700s....  In order to promote freedom of consultation of legal advisors by clients, the apprehension of compelled disclosure by the legal advisers must be removed; and hence the law must prohibit such disclosure except on the client’s consent

AND ACP is inherent to have attorneys Hazard II

The attorney-client privilege may well be the pivotal element of the modern American
AND
client what to do only if the client is free to make full disclosure

AND Not having ACP highest allows governmental abuse Hazard III

The aim of seeing James dead can be characterized euphemistically as an intention to commit
AND
, especially a lawyer who is invited to be the instrument of corruption.

AND The USCJ’s design is to side doubt to the accused, to attempt to prevent government abuse.

Colquitt

Any criminal justice system... preying on society.

When a government actively prevents a citizen from having the best defense possible, making the subjugation of an individual more prevalent to the disciplinary role of the state, this creates biopower
Dillon, University of Lancaster, 1995(Michael, ALTERNATIVES. V, 20, p. 340-1)
I would maintain, with Foucault, that (inter)national power in the
AND
subjectivity can be produced and graduated for other subjects - including other states.
B is the Implication
Biopower eliminates any value to human life, and leads to ontological damnation.
Boleau, Seattle University professor of philosophy, 2000 ("Genuine Reciprocity and Group Autthenticity," p. 27)
According to Foucault, in the current era of bio-power, there is
AND
sees individuals as social creations: no individual is his or her own ground
This outweighs any other impact because human worth is a requisite for any other standard. Existential impacts are bad only because they recognize human worth.
Korsgaard

This is just a fancy new model of an argument that first appeared in a
AND
source of all reasons and values must be valued for its own sake.
This perception of human worthlessness is what allows genocide and racism.
Paul Rabinow, Professor of Anthropology, Berkeley, THE FOUCAULT READER, 1984, p. 260
It is as managers of life and survival, of bodies and the race,
AND
species, the race, and the large-scale phenomena of population.
AND
D. Milchman, Philosophy Professor, Queens, PHILOSOPHY 26 SOCIAL CRITICISM, v. 22, 1, p. 106
Where does Nazism fit in the development trajectory of technologies of domination, and bio
AND
, and the bio-power, within which they were firmly ensconced.
C is the Alt
First of all, your ballot cannot reinforce anything that can justify genocide or racism. Reject the Aff’s insidious advocacy of biopolitical state abuse and coersion. Only through rejecting the tools for biopolitical control can we ever open up space to create solutions and enable resistance—this co-opts their offense and solves for all harms affiliated with biopolitical control.  Hayden furthers
In his early writings, Foucault focused on the ways in which bio-power
AND
an understanding of how power functions, we can "modify its hold."

Tournament: VBT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shreya Yepuri | Judge: Morgan McNally
Extinction based impacts create and a real-life stress of preserving humanity, thereby assigning value to sexual being by a pro-genetic ability to propagate the Child. 

Lee Edelman. "No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive" Duke University Press. 2004.

But what help~~~s~~~ed him most in  these  public appeals  on behalf
AND
social while insisting on the inextricability of such resistance from every social structure.

This discursive stress of AC pronatalism goes to reinforce heteronormativity, and acts as an agent of oppression to the queer. Edelman 2.

In  its  coercive universalization, however, the  image  of the Child, not to
AND
incised  by  the  signifier, that  "meaning,"  despite itself,  means.

C is the Alt.

Vote Neg and reject the Aff for propagating a line of argumentation founded on
AND
our understanding of the world, even outside of a debate round.

Cheryl Lynn Wofford Hill, "Restating International Jurisprudence in Inclusive Terms: Language as Method in Creating a Hospitable Worldview," 27 Okla. City U.L. Rev. 297, Spring, 2002, LexisNexis

Language is a method that has been used to achieve a more inclusive worldview.
AND
are supremely important in controlling the ~~~human~~~ behavior of human beings. 

A is the Link

Framing environmental values around the need to avert impending doom reinforces the normalizing power relationships that have brought us to the brink of crisis – the result is a series of hollow efforts like the affirmative that maintain disasterous resource exploitation 

Sung-Uk Hwang, political science PhD candidate, 1999 (COLLEGE LITERATURE, ttp://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3709/is_199901/ai_n8843780/print)
During the past three decades the ecological crisis has been problematized: social power,
AND
the present relations of power by forging subjects themselves and fabricating their interests. 

B is the Implication

Biopower eliminates any value to human life, and leads to ontological damnation.
Boleau, Seattle University professor of philosophy, 2000 ("Genuine Reciprocity and Group Autthenticity," p. 27)
According to Foucault, in the current era of bio-power, there is
AND
sees individuals as social creations: no individual is his or her own ground
This outweighs any other impact because human worth is a requisite for any other standard. Existential impacts are bad only because they recognize human worth.
Korsgaard

This is just a fancy new model of an argument that first appeared in a
AND
source of all reasons and values must be valued for its own sake.

C is the Alt

Reject the Aff’s insidious advocacy of biopolitical state abuse and coercion and vote Neg. Only through rejecting the tools for biopolitical control can we ever open up space to create solutions and enable resistance—this co-opts their offense and solves for all harms affiliated with biopolitical control.  Hayden furthers
In his early writings, Foucault focused on the ways in which bio-power
AND
understanding of how power functions, we can "modify its hold."

Tournament: NSD | Round: 5 | Opponent: some | Judge: some
sometimes i dont read the rob

A is the Link
The moral and political philosophy of reparations establishes further entrenchment of the black body in oppression by subverting real change of the actual problem of systemic racism with illusory, insufficient, and damning attemps.
Curry 12
AND
as a political theory, Africana Philosophy, and Anti-Colonialist thought.
In the debates over reparations, social political philosophers advocating reparations for slavery, usually
AND
when analyzing the use and compulsory dictum of atonement theory-the moral community
And, specific links in the AC:

1. The AC reduces solving for oppression, claiming that if we implement reparations abuse just magically disappears. This creates a double-bind where aff is either extratopical or concedes a link
   B is the Impact
   Twofold, 

First,
Stemming from the white motivation to better subjugate slaves, the construct Black was imposed to create a hierarchy of being. This perception in slavery has gone to control the black body and permanently exclude it from a white society. Mbembe

Any historical account of the rise of modern terror needs to address slavery, which
AND
exterminationof vanquished peoples re to find their first testing ground in the colonial world 

This biopolitical exertion eliminates value from their lives and leads to ontological damnation. 

Boleau, Seattle University professor of philosophy, 2000 (“Genuine Reciprocity and Group Autthenticity,” p. 27)

According to Foucault, in the current era of bio-power, there is
AND
sees individuals as social creations: no individual is his or her own ground

Second,
This means that in current day, the black body still suffers from structured racism built into the civil society. Reparations only worsen the condition as they impose a duty on the black body to conform to the society which oppresses them while simultaneously denying their ability to denounce the system, leading to an ultimate death and racist coersion. Currry 2
Under Brooks' atonement model, the demand for Blacks to attempt reconciliation is founded upon
AND
obstacle to the American settler and his contemporary progeny-the American citizen.
Even further, reparations demand legitimation of the oppressors while simultaneously maintaining racist policies. Justice in reparations are strongarmed into existence despite a fundamental lack of change. Curry 3
While atonement theory provides a possible avenue for the interpreting of race relations, it
AND
is judged by an act of contrition rather than its actual moral constitution.
C is the Alt
The alternative is to burn down the civil society. Only an academic destruction of that which oppresses the black body will ever allow black Americans ever to enjoy freedom. Thus, the K also controls the internal link to the AC, as the intent behind reparation is only achievable in the Neg world. Curry 4
So we may hail the atoning of a perpetrator in the case of theft,
AND
pronouncements, though unfortunate, the atrocity was necessary to our very being.
D is the Role of the Ballot
Your ballot functions ...y investigate ontology. Kincheloe 03
Joe L. Kincheloe, From: Critical ontology: Visions of selfhood and curriculum (2003). JCT: Journal of Curriculum Theorizing. 19, 1, pp. 47-64., CRITICAL ONTOLOGY: VISIONS OF SELFHOOD AND CURRICULUM
Such explorations on the ontological frontier hold profound curricular implications. As students pursue rigorous
AND
stand merely on the threshold of the possibilities this notion of selfhood harbors.

This means the K comes first. Kincheloe functions to say what being the better
AND
the first place and predictability assumes that maintaining the status quo is better.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kaitlin Coltin | Judge: Fritz Pielstick
You negate if it is shown that the criminal justice system is incapable of universally seeking truth. Truth seeking is is impossible, because the USCJS is not a real system, and is incapable of consistent and truth-seeking.

PEAK 2010   Kenneth Peak. Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management. Sixth Edition, published by Prentice Hall. Pearson Education. 2010.

Many observers argue that the three components of the justice system actually comprise a criminal
AND
youth that any further infractions will result in formal court-involved proceedings.) 

This means negating because the Aff world is impossible. Further, justice, trut-seeking’s goal, is impossible to achieve in the CJS

Mariana Valverde, Professor of Crimonology, University of Toronto, LAW AND SOCIAL INQUIRY, Summer 1999 p. 658.

In this sense, law … we know the other.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kaitlin Coltin | Judge: Fritz Pielstick
I negate "Resolved: In the United States criminal justice system, truth-seeking ought to take precedence over attorney-client privilege."
For the negative to show that attorney-client privilege to take precedent over truth-seeking, the NC must show that there should exist a mechanism to disincentivize  breaking ACP.

Ought implies a normative aspect to the resolution, else negating is nonsense, and all normative questions ultimately reduce to "is this good or bad?" Thus the value is Morality.
And epistemology comes before all else, because in order to know what morality is, we must first know how to determine morality. The sovereign gives us moral knowledge. 

Parrish 1, Rick. "Derrida’s Economy of Violence in Hobbes’ Social Contract".Theory 26 Event.Volume 7, Issue 4.2005.

"For Hobbes truth … on individual appetites.

Garrath Williams continues ~Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on Hobbes http://www.iep.utm.edu/hobmoral/~~=
"The worst that can happen to us is violent death at the hands of
AND
on some (trusted) third party to decide whose judgment is right."

AND truth-seeking requires clash and deliberation to consider all processes

Habermas, Jurgen, "Truth and Justification", translated by Barbara Fultner, 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

This performatively established~the~ relation to objects that actors can affect is connected
AND
challenges and contingencies that simultaneously provoke and limit our routine understandings and actions.
 

This creates the need for a judge, a morality-defining sovereign, diffusing moral clash into moral truth. 

Parrish 2, Rick. "Derrida’s Economy of Violence in Hobbes’ Social Contract".Theory26Event.Volume 7, Issue 4. 2005. 

All of the foregoing points to the conclusion that in the commonwealth the sovereign’s first
AND
all directions" and fall inevitably into the violence of the natural condition.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the sovereign. 

This means negation, because in the status quo United States ACP takes precedence.
Evidentiary Requirements in court explicitly makes evidence gathered by breaching ACP inadmissible. 

Washington Unv Law Quarterly 

In civil cases… confidential communications

This directly takes precedent over truth seeking, as attorneys are dictated to remain silent 

Grievance Commission v. Malloy (North Dakota Supreme Court Opinions Grievance Comm’n v. Malloy, 248 N.W.2d 43 (N.D. 1976)

An attorney whose … silence and withdraw. Sec. 27-13-01, subsec. 4, N.D.C.C.; ARA Code of Professional Responsibility, DR 7-102(B)(1) and DR 4-101(B)(1).

 This directly shows squo negates. But further, the Supreme Court has ruled that ACP supercedes truth-seeking even after death. 

Bloomberg Law (1998 about SWIDLER 26 BERLIN v. UNITED STATES (97-1192) 124 F.3d 230, reversed.)

When a client … admissible as evidence.
Further independent warrants :

Attorneys are liable for civil suits and disbarring for violating privilege, under the squo system. No rational person would want to be open for that.
Attorneys who violate privilege would not get more clients because they rationally wonder if ACP will be violated again. ACP is necessary to be universalizable.
ACP is seen as honorable for the attorney, originating since the time there was courts.  Attorneys want to be honorable.

Tournament: asu | Round: 2 | Opponent: many | Judge: many

A is the Link

The Affs developmental discourse propagates imperialism, oppression, and agony for those very "developing countries." Also functions as a case turn because it also dooms environmental protection 

JAMIE BERGER, MAY 29, 2012, The Harmful Discourse of Development: A Look at India,http://intellectualyst.com/the-harmful-discourse-of-development-a-look-at-india-534/
In a speech at the Congress of Black African Writers in 1959, Frantz Fanon
AND
feel immense growing pains and will place considerable strain on the world’s resources.
AND its neoliberal origins culturally appropriate the indigenous perceptions of self and value, an defining act of imperialism and oppression.

Meyer, 12 (Dominique, Department of International Affairs, Florida State University, April 1, 2012, "Making
Development Discourse Work in Latin American Indigenous Communities", Google Scholar)

In fact, the term "development" its self is an unstable term.
AND
indigenous pursuit for well being, which will be further discussed in this paper

B is the Implication

Imperialism leads to unending violence, genocide, and perhaps world-wide death

William Eckhardt,Lentz Peace Research Laboratory of St. Louis, JOURNAL OF PEACE
AND
challenge is very urgent indeed. Life itself may depend upon our choice. 

AND development leads to cultural homogenization, and to violence and racism.

Kothari/Harcourt, 4 (Smitu, founding member of the International Accountability Project/Wendy, Rural Development, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2004, "Introduction: The violence of development", Development, http://www.palgrave-journals.com/development/journal/v47/n1/full/1100024a.html)
Thirdly, in the same way that nature is grossly disrespected and violated, so
AND
the world, closely linked to other forms of economic and social violation.

C is the Alt

 note, going through my Ks and changing and making better the alts

Vote Neg and reject the Aff for propagating a line of argumentation founded on oppressive and imperial implications. View countries equally. Only voting Neg and rejecting the Aff and its mindset will these arguments ever be stopped run. Empirically verified: nobody uses ellipses or multiple a prioris any more because of high losses. And any theoretical argument without first defeating the K is a recognition of the bad discourse, and simultaneously an excuse not to be responsible for it. Further, discourse comes first because it shapes our understanding of the world, even outside of a debate round.

Cheryl Lynn Wofford Hill, "Restating International Jurisprudence in Inclusive Terms: Language as Method in Creating a Hospitable Worldview," 27 Okla. City U.L. Rev. 297, Spring, 2002, LexisNexis

Language is a method that has been used to achieve a more inclusive worldview.
AND
are supremely important in controlling the ~human~ behavior of human beings.

Tournament: asu | Round: 4 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
Ran this twice, once as a turn to a FW and another with a rawls FW

INCOME FROM MINING CAMPS BENEFITS AFRICAN WOMEN.

KatjaWerthmann, ~Department of Anthropology and African Studies, University of Mainz~,
"Working in a boom-town: Female perspectives on gold-mining in Burkina Faso~, Resources
Policy 34, 2009.

A daily wageof 1000–1500 CFA (ca. 2.30–3
AND
that are immediately consumed such as beer, grilled meat, and cigarettes.

MINING CAMPS ARE A PLACE WHERE WOMEN CAN BREAK FREE OF THEIR GENDER ROLES.

KatjaWerthmann, ~Department of Anthropology and African Studies, University of Mainz~,
"Working in a boom-town: Female perspectives on gold-mining in Burkina Faso~, Resources
Policy 34, 2009.

Last but not least, the gold mines as a socio-cultural milieu also
AND
are seen walking arm-in-arm, or quarreling in public.

GOLD MINES GIVE WOMEN OPPORTUNITES THAT OTHERWISE MIGHT NOT BE

AVAILABLE TO THEM.

KatjaWerthmann, ~Department of Anthropology and African Studies, University of Mainz~,
"Working in a boom-town: Female perspectives on gold-mining in Burkina Faso~, Resources
Policy 34, 2009.

Women in rural areas of southwestern Burkina Faso rarely have independent access to farmland and
AND
that would otherwise only be accessible through labor migration to more distant locations.

Like manyyoung men, girls and young women are also drawn to the mining camps
AND
songs performed by the Dagara girls and women who earn money by pounding ore

ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR YOUNG WOMEN ARE NOT AS

ATTRACTIVE.

KatjaWerthmann, ~Department of Anthropology and African Studies, University of Mainz~,
"Working in a boom-town: Female perspectives on gold-mining in Burkina Faso~, Resources
Policy 34, 2009.

Banchirigha (2008, p. 36) has pointed outthatalternative livelihoods promoted by government
AND
not be met if one focuses on one issue and leaves out others.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: many | Judge: many
this is just the outline for a shell i wrote. says para doesnt meet aff burden ran this in a few rounds:
interp: the aff must grammatically affirm the rez
stds: textuality with an internal link to logic
voter: logic

Tournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Cameron Cohen | Judge:
Counterplan Text: Government officials called before a grand jury or congress should not be granted attorney-client privilege and instead be required to disclose all subpoenaed communications in the criminal justice network.

Framing criminal justice as a system masks its failures and increases crime, turns the case. Peak 10 
~Brackets in original~ Many observers argue that the three components of the justice
AND
youth that any further infractions will result in formal court-involved proceedings.)
?
"Criminal justice network" solves since it recognizes the fragmented nature of criminal justice. Robinson 06 
The criminal justice system is an institution of governmental bodies that is made up of
AND
network, which is basically a system that is not organized or harmonious. 

Discourse comes first. It shapes reality. Hill 2 

Language is a method that has been used to achieve a more inclusive worldview.
AND
. "Categories are supremely important in controlling the behavior of human beings.