Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Zhang | Judge: Jaffer Arman
In Terrorism Adv
Al-Qaeda is seeking a nuclear device to unleash. The threat is rising.  AP 13
Press, Assocciated. "Intelligence committee heads: Rising terror threat, pressure on US agencies to prevent attacks." Fox News. FOX News Network, 1 Dec. 2013. Web. 3 Jan. 2014.
The terrorism threat against the United States is increasing and Americans aren't as safe as
AND
"maybe smaller events are OK" and still might achieve their goals. 

In Impact Calculus
The resolution should be a question of what governments should do because role-playing to model policymaking is the best way to promote deep education. Schaap (Andrew, University of Melbourne, Politics, Vol 25 Iss 1, February)
According to an influential theory of teaching in higher education, people tend to approach
AND
otherwise have failed to appreciate; and often challenges the teacher's own views.

The meta-standard is consequentialism

The role of the ballot is to pick the best post-fiat policy option. That means you assume comparative worlds to avoid skep, presumption, and unreciprocal side constraints that give unequal access to the ballot

Tournament: Blake | Round: Octas | Opponent: David WangAll Aff Rounds | Judge: Tripathy, Hoffman, Smith
I affirm
In response to out of control poaching and plummeting Elephant populations, the international trade of Ivory was banned in 1989 by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, or CITES. Although the ban was initially successful at stabilizing elephant populations, recently poaching is on the rise.
Large sell-offs of Ivory stockpiles by African Elephant Range Countries have stimulated demand and provided an incentive for poachers.
Kahumbu 2012 Paula Kahumbu - Executive Director of Wildlife Direct. “Why it's time to ban the ivory trade for good” Environmental News. 12/12/2012 http://news.mongabay.com/2012/1212-kahumbu-op-ed-poaching.html#jf7Yt1yP5YPczdHI.99
To make matters worse, Kenya is not just a haven for poachers, it
AND
or has already started to threaten conservation efforts and relations with local communities.
AND, loopholes have undermined the ‘89 ban. The sale of pre-ban ivory is still legal, making it impossible to delineate legal and illicit ivory, and domestic markets are unregulated by CITES. So, when one-off sales flood the markets, laundering becomes easy.
Montazeri 2013 Sharon Montazeri - Senior Notes Editor, Cardozo Journal Of International and Comparative Law. Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2014; B.A. (cum laude), New York University, May 2011. “PROTECTING THE PACHYDERM: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IVORY TRADE REGULATION FOR AFRICAN ELEPHANT CONSERVATION” CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW Vol. 22 2013
In 1975, CITES placed the Asian elephant in Appendix I.104 A few
AND
border control security has resulted in a perfect storm of noncompliance with CITES.
Thus, I advocate that all African Elephant Range Countries institute a ban on the domestic harvesting, sale, export of all Ivory and Ivory products, and adopt non-extractive use policies toward local elephant populations.
Sub-point A: Solvency
An absolute ban would make it much more difficult for illicit traders to launder ivory. Any legal means of trading facilitates poaching.
Montazeri 2 Senior Notes Editor, Cardozo Journal Of International and Comparative Law. Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2014; B.A. (cum laude), New York University, May 2011. “PROTECTING THE PACHYDERM: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IVORY TRADE REGULATION FOR AFRICAN ELEPHANT CONSERVATION” CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW Vol. 22 2013
Any curbing on the legal sale of ivory also reduces illegal ivory
AND
elephant populations, as will be discussed infra in Part V. B.¶
A ban on ivory sales would drive up prices, reducing demand, and driving suppliers out of the market.
Montazeri 3 Senior Notes Editor, Cardozo Journal Of International and Comparative Law. Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2014; B.A. (cum laude), New York University, May 2011. “PROTECTING THE PACHYDERM: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IVORY TRADE REGULATION FOR AFRICAN ELEPHANT CONSERVATION” CARDOZO J. OF INT’L and COMP. LAW Vol. 22 2013
On the other hand, one-off sales and othermeans of legally trading
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and public policy efforts to ensure compliance with such a sizeable trade restriction.
Sub-Point B: Biodiversity Adv
Although initially stabilized by the CITES ban, elephant populations are plummeting and on the brink. If nothing is done the African Elephant could be extinct by 2020.
Matt Forde 2011 Matt Forde - Why the African Elephant Could Be Extinct by 2020, Environmental
Graffiti (2011), http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/animals/news-african-elephants-be- extinct-2020.
But a dark stain is fast returning to this beautiful landscape. Despite the worldwide
AND
elephants in Africa could become extinct by as soon as 2020.
AND, Elephants are a keystone species. Loss of African Elephants could lead to the extinction of up to 50 of species in the ecosystem.
Western 1989 David Western, Chairman of the African Conservation Centre, Professor of Biology at UCSD and UofM , Pachyderm: A Publication of the African Elephant and Rhino Specialist Group, number12, 1989
Elephants play a previously overlooked keystone role in African savannas, and almost certainly tropical
AND
our keystone species and we will lose a great deal more in the process
AND, A loss of biodiversity will cause human extinction.
Diner 1994Major David Diner, JAG Corps, United States Army, Winter 1994, Military Law Review, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, p. 170-173
Why Do We Care? -- No species has ever dominated its fellow species as
AND
aircraft’s wings, mankind humankind may be edging closer to the abyss
Sub-point C: Terrorism Adv
Al-Qaeda is seeking a nuclear device to use against the U.S. If they get a weapon they will use it. This is not an empty threat it is a top priority.
Harvard’s Belfer Center 2010Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs “Al Qaeda Weapons of Mass Destruction Threat: Hype or Reality? A Timeline of Terrorists' Efforts to Acquire WMD” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. January 2010. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19852/al_qaeda_weapons_of_mass_destruction_threat.html
Osama bin Ladin's assertion in 1998 that it was his Islamic duty to acquire weapons
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course of devising a "dirty bomb," or a radiological dispersal device.
East Africa is hot-spot for the potential smuggling of nuclear materials to terrorist groups. Al-Shabaab poses the greatest threat in the region and is intimately connected to Al-Qaeda and provides an opportunity to obtain a nuclear device.
Huber 2010Rita Grossman-Vermaas, Konrad Huber, Alexandra Kapitanskaya -- “Minimizing Threat Convergence Risks in East Africa and the Horn of Africa: Prospects for Achieving Security and Stability” Center for the Study of Threat Convergence. May 2010.
Nonetheless, there have been reports of smuggling of nuclear source material which are a
AND
mitigating a threat convergence scenario in, or ¶ from, the region.
And, nuclear terror causes extinction.
Ayson 2010Robert – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington – “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July AT
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
, is further international cooperation on the control of existing fissile material holdings.
Al-Shabaab and Al-Qaeda rely on ivory for funding. Al-Shabaab receives 40 of its funding from illicit ivory.
Goldsmith on December 18th, Zac Goldsmith, journalist and member of UK Parliament, “At This Rate, Elephants Will be Extinct Within 10 Years,” The Independent Dec 18, 2013 MOCH
Beyond the sheer pettiness of the trinkets, there is a more sinister motivation too
AND
Lord's Resistance Army, and Sudan's murderous Janjaweed organisation, and many others.
AND, ending the Ivory trade is THE key to stopping al-shabaab and other terror groups. The revenue from Ivory gives Shabaab a decisive recruiting advantage.
LA Times October 14th Laurel Neme, Andrea Crosta and Nir Kalron – Laurel Neme is the author of "Animal Investigators: How the World's First Wildlife Forensics Lab Is Solving Crimes and Saving Endangered Species." Andrea Crosta is founder of the Los Angeles-based Elephant Action League. Nir Kalron is founder and CEO of Maisha Consulting. “Terrorism and the ivory trade” LA Times. October 14, 2013. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/commentary/la-oe-neme-ivory-poaching-terrorism-20131014,0,1915512.story#axzz2nvbkTWCc
If the world needs another reason to get serious about combating elephant poaching, here's
AND
ultimately to slaughtered human beings, like those in the Nairobi shopping mall.
Sub-point D: Impact calculus.
The resolution is not a comparison of action to inaction, prioritizing environmental protection or resource extraction would both prescribe particular actions that would involve trade-offs between the interests of different parties. This is generally true of government policy and means states must evaluate the consequences of their actions.
Sunstein 2005 Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule “Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs. Copyright (c) 2005 The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University. Stanford Law Review December, 2005 58 Stan. L. Rev. 703
The critics of capital punishment have been led astray by uncritically applying the act/
AND
creating entitlements *722 and prohibitions, is not inaction at all.
AND, the interests of species groups are more important than the interests of individuals.
Holmes RolstonDistinguished Professor, Department of Philosophy Colorado State University Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental Philosophy. Edited by Gruen, Lori, and Dale Jamieson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), Contains Rolston, "Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World," pp. 65--84.
A species exists; a species ought to exist. An environmental ethics must make
AND
level? The appropriate survival unit is the appropriate level of moral concern.
AND, species extinction is the biggest impact.
Holmes Rolston 2 Distinguished Professor, Department of Philosophy Colorado State University. Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental Philosophy. Edited by Gruen, Lori, and Dale Jamieson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), Contains Rolston, "Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World," pp. 65--84.
A shutdown of the life stream is the most destructive event possible. The wrong
AND
An ethics of respect for life is urgent at the level of species.¶
When comparing possible extinctions we should prioritize species that are the most essential within their ecosystems.
Weber 1993Darren L. Weber “Environmental Ethics and Species: To be or not to be?” Philosophy: Environmental Ethics. 1993. http://psdlw.users.sourceforge.net/education/essays/env_tp2.pdf
Lawrence Johnson, for instance, argues that ecosystems and the biosphere have signi?cant interests
AND
be valuable parasites¶ that ravage an even larger parasite, human beings.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: HWL SJ | Judge: Mariah Noah
Part1 is Morals
I value morality b/c the rez proposes an ethical question.
There’s no such thing as an absolutely true ethical statement, our “facts” are simply what is valuable to accept as true. Rorty
Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 53, No. 6. (Aug., 1980), pp. 717-738.
My first characterization of pragmatism redefines is that it is simply anti-
AND
to direct, or criticize, or underwrite, the course of inquiry.

Epistemology establishes a basis for all knowledge, meaning that it also constrains our conception of what we should do which means it comes logically prior to resolution.
I defend pragmatism, which solves the problems of epistemology by defining knowledge as “true”  based on what has practical value. James:
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking - William James 1907. Print
The importance to human life of having true beliefs about matters of fact is a
AND
value, unless they had been useful from the outset in this way.

Util is the only pragmatic way policymakers can justify their decisions to the citizenry.
Woller 97 Woller, Gary BYU Prof., “An Overview by Gary Woller”, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10
Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources,
AND
perhaps at times a necessary, basis for public policy in a democracy.

Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being. 

Underview to Framework
Should=desirable
Prefer

1. Ground
   2. Predictability
   3. Topic Education

Part 2 is the Plan
A. Plan Text: Developing countries should ban primary mercury mining by 2020 and enact national action plans to phase-out the use of mercury in artisanal and small scale gold mining, as required by the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

Selin explains in October 2013 Henrik Selin, Pardee Faculty Fellow and Associate Professor of International Relations at Boston University. “The Minamata Convention and the Future of Mercury Abatement” THe Frederick S. Pardee cenTer For THe STudy oF THe Longer-range FuTure. Issues in Brief, 28. October 2013.

Mercury is a pollutant of global, regional, and local concern. Humans have
AND
benefitted from using them to help target decision-making and expand controls.
B. Solvency: The convention bans primary mercury mining, meaning that after 2020 no new mercury can enter the environment.
Sharma on January 22nd Yojana Sharma, Asia Director at University World NewsWriter and Editor at SciDev.“treaty to ban mercury emissions” 1/22/2013. http://www.scidev.net/global/news/nations-agree-first-global-treaty-to-ban-mercury-emissions-.html
A legally binding global treaty to curb mercury in the environment, agreed after a
AND
eliminate mercury, under a proposed mercury 'trust fund', it was agreed.
And, models show that the aff will significantly reduce mercury emissions.
Lubick on September 27th Naomi Lubick, Columbia University, New York; Earth and Environmental Science Journalism and Associate editor, Environmental Science and Technology;  David Malakoff, Deputy News Editor for Science Magazine. “With Pact's Completion, the Real Work Begins” Science 27 September 2013:  Vol. 341 no. 6153 pp. 1443-1445
An elegant crematorium sits in a wooded cemetery here on the edge of the city
AND
help reduce global mercury emissions by 15 to 35 in coming decades
C. Advantages
Advantage 1 is Biodiversity
Once released into the environment mercury accumulates in ecosystems and causes species extinctions.
Leggett 2011 Martin Leggett, University of Manchester, Freelance Writer and Editor at Scribblin Green, Geodata Administrator at Petrologic. “Mercury burden hangs heavy round the neck of the albatross.” Earth Times. 4/18/2011. http://www.earthtimes.org/pollution/mercury-burden-hangs-heavy-neck-albatross/735/#sthash.fzuwMpgc.dpuf
One of the icons of the endless oceanic horizons of the Pacific - the soaring
AND
example, from excessive fish consumption, the problem can be considerable.''
This is not your typical extinction scenario – mercury levels similar to the status quo’s have caused the largest mass extinction in the earth’s history
Bishop 2012 Adrian Bishop Editor at OPP Connec, and Eco House.  “Mercury caused mass extinctions, say scientists” Earth Times. January 6 2012. http://www.earthtimes.org/pollution/mercury-caused-mass-extinctions-scientists/1744/
Mass extinctions during catastrophic climate change were caused by huge mercury levels, Canadian scientists
AND
He says Canada has led the way in cutting international emissions of Mercury.
And, a loss of biodiversity causes human extinction.
Diner 94 Major David Diner, JAG Corps, United States Army, Winter 1994, Military Law Review, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, p. 170-173
Why Do We Care? -- No species has ever dominated its fellow species as
AND
aircraft’s wings, mankind humankind may be edging closer to the abyss

Advantage 2 is Poverty
Mercury pollution creates an endless cycle of poverty.
Blacksmith Institute 2010“Pollution, Poverty and the I.Q. Connection” Blacksmith Institute, Pollution blog. February 3, 2010. http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/blog/?p=164
Does pollution plague a country because it is poor? Or does pollution make a
AND
pollution does more than just cripple and kill.  It traps and engulfs.
Poverty kills millions and outweighs nuclear war.
Abu-Jamal 98 Mumia Abu-Jamal, prominent social activist and author, quotes James Gilligan, American psychiatrist and author, director of mental health for the Massachusetts prison system, President of the International Association for Forensic Psychotherapy. (“A Quiet and Deadly Violence,” Al-Ahram Online Sept 19 1998, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/400/in5.htm Accessed 7/10/13 AT)
We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, in a nation
AND
the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world.

Underview
A. Interpretation: The neg cannot contest my right to run my Minamata plan.
B. Violation:
C. Standards:
Reciprocal Burdens
Topical Education
Uncontestability
D. Fairness and Education

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Charles Zhang | Judge: Jaffer Arman
A. Interpretation: The neg must disclose topicality interps with tags, cites, and first and last three words for cards on the NDCA LD wiki at least 1hr before round
Prefer the spirit of the interp so they don’t make Semantic I meets like ‘I disclosed it an hour before and deleted it’.

B. Violation:

C. Standards:
Topicality Abuse
Topical Education
Deterrence

D.Voters
Fairness and Edu
Meta-Theory 1st
Competing Interps and No RVIS

Tournament: Note | Round: Quads | Opponent: All | Judge: All
My wiki is working but I will still you LD Leaks

Tournament: The Glennbrooks | Round: 9 | Opponent: Newark Science SS, Alexander Bornote, and Ariel Shin | Judge: Aaron Timmons, Paige Mackenzie, Todd NewKirk
Answering the question of how political institutions or policies should be formed is fundamentally a question of justification – government must be responsive to the interests of citizens and must be justifiable to them.
MARTIN RHONHEIMER Prof Of Philosophy at The Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome. “THE POLITICAL ETHOS OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY AND THE PLACE OF NATURAL LAW IN PUBLIC REASON: RAWLS’S “POLITICAL LIBERALISM” REVISITED” The American Journal of Jurisprudence vol. 50 (2005), pp. 1-70
It is a fundamental feature of political philosophy to be part of practical philosophy. ...ruled, but who potentially at the same time are also the rulers.

The state has to represent all citizens, but this creates a dilemma since people have different views, meaning that the government cannot rely on moral truths to rule.
John Rawls Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Harvard University “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited” The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Summer, 1997), pp. 765-807.

The idea of public reason, as I understand  it,'  belongs to  a...a suitable idea of public reason is  a concern that faces them all.

Thus, the rule of law creates legitimate expectations between citizens
Rawls 2 James Bryant Conant Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. A Theory of Justice. The Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College. Cambridge, MA. 1971. 233-236
I now wish to consider rights of the person as these are protected by the...the basic structure, but ones that are not by any means negligible.

S- Maintaing the rule of law
2 Preq args for the standard

Inherency: Currently, attorneys cannot disclose info that would exonerate an innocent.
TYSON CIEPLUCH 2000 JD Marquette Law School. Partner Quarles and Brady LLP “OVERRIDING THE POSTHUMOUS APPLICATION OF THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE: DUE PROCESS FOR A CRIMINAL DEFENDANT” Marquette Law Review. Vol 83. 2000
The attorney-client privilege and the duty of confidentiality serves
AND
,the defendant can allege a Brady violation of her due process rights.

The plan: the United States should adopt legislation in all jurisdictions allowing attorneys to disclose privileged information he/she believes necessary to prevent the wrongful execution or incarceration of another. This legislation will be modeled after existing law in Alaska and Massachusetts.
Moliterno 11 James, Prof. Washington and Lee University School of Law “Rectifying Wrongful Convictions: May a Lawyer Reveal Her Client’s Confidences to Rectify the Wrongful Conviction of Another?” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2011
May a lawyer reveal client confidences to rectify the wrongful 93 conviction of another?¶
AND
The lawyer’s decision whether to disclose is judged on the objectively reasonable standard.¶ 

Cases in which attorneys provide privileged information as exculpatory evidence would trigger existing law requiring their client be granted use immunity to prevent 5th amendment violations. The disclosed information could not be used against them by the state; it could only be used to clear the innocent party.
Thomas-Fishburn 90 Julia “ATTORNEY-CLIENT CONFIDENCES: PUNISHING THE INNOCENT”61 U. Colo. L. Rev. 185 1990
The second alternative is legislation that would require a lawyer to disclose to a court
AND
a manner harmful to an innocent third party, such as child abuse

Use immunity solves all due process concerns, as well as potential attorney loyalty and chilling effect harms.
Strutin 11 Ken, Director of Legal Information Services, New York State Defenders Associa- tion. J.D., Temple University School of Law, 1984; “PRESERVING ATTORNEY-CLIENT CONFIDENTIALITY AT THE COST OF ANOTHER'S INNOCENCE: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH” 17 Tex. Wesleyan L. Rev. 499 2010-2011
Assuming the absence of client cooperation or a post-mortem re- lease,
AND
of criminal cases254 and effective remedies for violations of due process.2 55

The aff advocacy will result in fewer wrongful convictions as lawyers will be empowered to come forward with exculpatory information. In the status quo the fear of sanctions, and the inadmissibility of the evidence holds may attorneys back from revealing the truth.
Hasbani 10 Inbal, litigation associate "When the Law Preserves Injustice: Issues Raised by a Wrongful Incarceration Exception to Attorney-Client Confidentiality." J. Crim. L. and Criminology 100 (2010): 277AJ
Although there are several concerns that would require consideration before introducing a new exception to
AND
rights) if they have confidential information that would exonerate an innocent inmate.

The information revealed by attorneys can create secondary effects
Joy and McMunigal 08 Joy, Peter A (Professor of law and director of the Criminal Justice Clinic at Washington University School of Law in St. Louis), and Kevin C. McMunigal (Judge Ben C Green Professor of Law at Case Western Reserve University School of Law). "Confidentiality and Wrongful Incarceration." Crim. Just. 23 (2008): 46AJ
In response to the argument that this exception is unlikely to produce much benefit for
AND
other admissible evidence, or simply prompt the prosecution to reexamine a case.

Punishing innocents undermines the rule of law for several reasons.

First, a society that punishes innocents violates the rule of law by inconsistently applying punishment, which undermines the legitimate expectations that are key to social action.
John Rawls 3 “Two Concepts of Rules” The Philosophical Review, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Jan., 1955), pp. 3-32
Try to imagine, then, an institution (which we may call "telishment
AND
something after one has agreeingd to buy it."4

Second, wrongful convictions undermine the legitimacy of the U.S. Justice System.  
Hemmens and Spohn 11 Spohn, Cassia, and Craig Hemmens. Courts: A text/reader. Vol. 4. SAGE, 2011AT
Third, wrongful conviction... criminal justice process.

More specifically, cultural consensus in the U.S. shows that the aff advocacy is key to the legitimacy of our justice system.
BRIAN R. HOOD J.D. 1994, Georgetown University Law Center. “The Attorney-Client Privilege and a Revised Rule 1.6: Permitting Limited Disclosure After the Death”7 Geo. J. Legal Ethics 741 1993-1994
One commentator...the innocent defendant. 3 °

Legal legitimacy is the strongest factor in compliance with the law and its effective enforcement.
Robinson 11 (Paul, ) “Mercy, Crime Control and Moral Credibility” Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series Research Paper No. #10-32AT
Perhaps the greatest...has suf?cient credibility.

Finally, the aff advocacy is necessary to provide due process for innocent defendants.
Thomas-Fishburn 2(Same Article)
Finally, there is some hint that...innocent person's life.

Tournament: Valley and St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: All Aff Rounds | Judge:
Email me at princehyeamang101(at)gmail.com
Check Apple Valley Ober for Greenhill. The framework is slightly different.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Alexander Yoakum | Judge: Halli Tripe
Part 1 is FW
I value Morality. The standard is Maximizing Net Benefits.
The only concept of “ought” that makes sense is that it represents the well-being of humans, since other views commit the is/ought fallacy. 

Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.
Many moral skeptics... by God’s law.21 

4 ANAYLTICS for why Util is epistemologically justified
Epistemology comes 1st
Life comes first for three reasons:

Deliberate about ethical claims
2. Values
3. Pain is the overriding motivator of action. Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere, HUP, 1986: 156-168.
I shall defend...seems nevertheless insane.
A. Interp: Must concede to the Aff Fw if it allows for link and impact turn ground
B. Preemptive
C. Predictability
   Ground
   Topic-Specific Clash
Part 2 is the Interp
My advocacy is the text of the resolution. I defend implementation in all democracies and people can check none of the above in order to decline to vote. Also, conscientious objectors, or applications to not vote because of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion are normal means in democracies that enforce CV. Alex White “In Defence of Compulsory Voting.” Alex White. Jan 14 2013.
Without having to... unnecessarily penalised.   

The term “compulsory voting” creates a law to attend all elections. While blank ballots are not allowed, it’s impossible to enforce.                                                                  Birch 09 Birch, Sarah. Reader in Politics-University of Essex . “Full Participation : A Comparative Study of Compulsory Voting.” Manchester, GBR: Manchester University Press, 2009. Pgs 2-3. Copyright © 2009. Manchester University PressAJ
Compulsory voting can... be used interchangeably

Prefer aff interpretations to preserve clash. Timothy M. O’Donnell (Director of Debate University of Mary Washington) “And the Twain Shall Meet: Affirmative Framework Choice and the Future of Debate” 2004.
AFC preserves the... be debating about. 

Part 3 is the Offense
Advantage 1 is Poverty and Income Inequality
Lower-income and minority voters consistently vote less a raise in turnout would support fiscally redistributive programs.                                                                Alberto Chong and Mauricio Olivera. “DOES COMPULSORY VOTING HELP EQUALIZE INCOMES?” Economics and Politics, Volume 20, Number 3. November 2008. Blackwell PublishingAJ             
As explained above... the uling elite (Yeret, 1995).

Redistributive policies alleviate poverty is the best possible solution to reduce the risk of terrorism.  Kevin Fandl provides three warrants: Kevin Fandl, “Terrorism, Development, and Trade: Winning the War on Terror Without the War”, American University International Law Review, Volume 19, 2004.
Eradicating poverty is...viable justice system.

Poverty is the root cause of Terrorism. Terrorism leads to the escalation of global conflict, which would threaten all of humanity. Robert Ayson writes:       Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)                                                                          A terrorist nuclear...a devastating response.

Must defend converse
Losing on T means you reallocate my offense
Ignore Skep and Presumption

Advantage 2 is Cannabis
CV favors left-wing and protest parties
Mackerras and Mcallister 99 M. Mackerras (Department of Politics, University of NSW, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia), I. McAllister (Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia). “Compulsory voting, party stability and electoral advantage in Australia.” Electoral Studies 18 (1999) 217–233. PergamonAJ
Levels of turnout...the major parties.

This increases the support for legalization overcoming the only hurdle: Republicans.
Reuters. "Marijuana Legalization Bill, Federal Taxation Measure Set For Introduction In Congress." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 05 Feb. 2013. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.PH
The Democrats' bills...tracks state laws. 

There's 2 Impacts: 

1stGW Legalization reduces C02 emission and energy consumption which causes GW. Chan, Casey. "Smoking Weed Is Really Bad for the Environment (Doing Other Drugs Is Less Bad)." Gizmodo. Factoid, 07 Sept. 2011. Web. 28 Sept. 2013.PH
Marijuana, hue notwithstanding...the street market.

Global Warming causes several threats to civilization.
"CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING."Greening Earth Society. GES, 2011. Web. 25 July 2013. PH
The change in...around the globe.

2ndPrison
Legalization solves prison overcrowding.Devine 12                                                              Parker Devine (probably a stoner). The Paly Voice, student newspaper at Palo Alto High School (CA). “High time to legalize weed,” December 13th, 2012. http://palyvoice.com/2012/12/13/opinion-high-time-to-legalize-weed/
Legalization would also...total government spending.

Overcrowding increases AIDS spread.UNAIDS 97                                               UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (preparing materials on subjects of relevance to HIV infection and AIDS, the causes and consequences of the epidemic, and best practices in AIDS prevention, care and support). “Prisons and AIDS.” April 1997. http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/publications/irc-pub05/prisons-pov_en.pdf
In many prisons...prisons worldwide

The spread of AIDS will create a risk of it going airborne causing extinction. "Why HIV Could Become Airborne Eventually." Why HIV Could Become Airborne Eventually. Venture Articles, Web. 26 Aug. 2013.PH
So while HIV...we know it.